There are many contributing factors that indicate a diabetic condition, and a diabetes self test is a smart and simple way to see if you are at high risk for diabetes. The diabetes self test starts with a series of specific questions that will allow you to see if any more thorough tests are suggested. Questions about your age, diet, and family medical history will all be a part of a diabetes self test, with each answer providing better insight into your level of risk. There are also safe and effective ways to measure your blood sugar during a diabetes self test, including a small blood or urine sample from which the level of glucose can be measured. Though a diabetes self test is not conclusive evidence that you do or do not have a diabetic condition to consider, a diabetes self test is a smart way to try to minimize your risks, and to see if further tests are indicated by the results. Easy to perform and inexpensive (if not free), a diabetes self test is a good way to look into the way your body is dealing with sugar intake, and whether you might need additional medical help or guidance to avoid the symptoms of diabetes. Certainly not the last word in whether or not any person is at risk for a diabetic condition, each diabetes self test can still offer you a first step toward taking control of your life.

SUGAR TEST

A sugar test will measure the amount of glucose present in the bloodstream, an important indication for your body's ability to produce insulin. There are a variety of methods to take a sugar test, and it might be taken on either a specifically empty or full stomach, or sometimes after ingesting a sugared drink.

A whole blood sugar test is available in easy-to-use kits for at-home testing, and requires a small blood sample (usually taken from the fingertip) to be read by a specially designed glucose meter. A fasting plasma sugar test is performed by taking a blood sample from a vein after eight hours of fasting, and will typically be performed in your health care provider's office. A two-hour postprandial sugar test is performed two hours after eating a meal containing a specific amount of sugar, though this method has factors that are hard to control.

The sugar test with which people already diagnosed with diabetes will be most familiar, will be the whole blood sugar test, which can be easily self-administered in your home with proper instruction. This specific sugar test will show daily levels of glucose in your blood and how your specific diet and exercise program affects these levels. The whole blood sugar test will give both you and your health care provider important information on how to best design a program to help control your diabetes, making it easier to live a long and rewarding life free from the complications associated with diabetes.

BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORS

For people with a diagnosed diabetic condition, blood glucose monitors are a part of the everyday routine. With the specific instructions of a trained medical professional, most patients will be asked to use their blood glucose monitors between two and four times a day at specific times to determine how their blood is handling its glucose.

With a small blood sample (taken usually from a fingertip), the blood glucose monitors will allow you and your health care provider to better understand and make adjustments to your diet, exercise and medications to control your efforts in managing your diabetes. By no means the definitive word in how your health is progressing, blood glucose monitors will offer a repeated view into spikes or drops in your daily glucose levels, and make it easier to develop a plan that works more efficiently for you.

As with any diabetic testing methods, any questions or concerns you have about blood glucose monitors or their results should be referred to your trained medical professional for guidance and advice. As of January 2005, Medicare or other insurance providers may cover the cost of your blood glucose monitors in full, allowing you to save money and effort on a guaranteed diabetic necessity. Consult your health care provider to determine the type of blood glucose monitors best for your situation, and start to take control of your best opportunities.

HEMOGLOBIN BLOOD TEST

The hemoglobin blood test is a routine procedure that will be administered and interpreted by your health care provider. The hemoglobin blood test is usually performed two to three times a year and is used to measure the long-term levels of success you are having with your plan to live with diabetes. Your health care provider will take a small sample of blood (usually from the fingertip), and the hemoglobin blood test measures the amount of hemoglobin found within your red blood cells, giving the results in percentages. As is the case with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a good reading for the hemoglobin blood test is typically 7% or less. If your hemoglobin blood test falls below this number, it is an indication that your diabetes is probably under control, and the plan you are on is working well for you. A percentage of more than 7% shown in a hemoglobin blood test indicates a possible problem with your program, and you and your health care provider might have to take bolder steps to reduce this level. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), an important recent study about diabetes showed that a regular hemoglobin blood test could help to reduce your risk of complications including eye, kidney and nerve damage caused by your diabetes. Used in combination with other specific monitoring and periodic evaluations, the hemoglobin blood test will help you to better understand the extent of your diabetic condition, and live a rewarding life free from complications.

HEMOGLOBIN A1C TEST

A hemoglobin a1c test is a routine procedure your health care provider will perform to determine your current standing with diagnosed diabetes. The hemoglobin a1c test is performed by taking a small blood sample (usually from the fingertip) that is typically analyzed in a health care provider's laboratory. The hemoglobin A1c test measures the amount of sugar sticking to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, giving the results in percentages. As with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a hemoglobin a1c test level of less than 7% will indicate that the management plan you are using is probably working well, while a higher percentage would indicate the need for a re-evaluation. People with diabetes usually go to their health care provider's office to have the hemoglobin a1c test performed twice a year, but your health care provider will determine the frequency needed for each specific situation. The importance of a hemoglobin a1c test was recently shown by the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), an important study on diabetes that showed that a regularly scheduled hemoglobin a1c test can help reduce the possibilities of eye, kidney and nerve damage for people diagnosed with diabetes. By design, a hemoglobin a1c test will measure your levels over a period of time (typically 2-3 months), and should be used to augment the information you supply your health care provider from daily testing and monitoring. In combination with other monitoring and evaluations, the hemoglobin a1c test is a smart step toward better managing your diabetes and living a rewarding life free from complications.

DIABETIC TEST

The chance of having a diabetic test administered by your health care provider will increase with every year after you turn fifty, simply because your risk for diabetes increases with your age. There are other factors that will also increase your chances of a diabetic test, including excessive weight gain or obesity, poor diet and exercise habits, and a family history with diabetes or related issues. A diabetic test is nothing to fear though; it is a routine procedure that can alert your health care provider to serious issues in your health. There are now methods for you to take a preliminary diabetic test in the comfort and privacy of your own home, allowing you more control and immediate answers to questions you might have about your health. A standard diabetic test performed at home will include a small urine or blood sample that is tested for determining the amount of glucose present in your system at any given time. You should be aware that even though they are typically accurate, you should never rely solely on a diabetic test that is self-administered to determine the extent of your condition. Always consult a trained medical professional with your results or questions about a diabetic test and allow your health care provider to interpret the findings. If you are at risk for diabetes, taking a diabetic test is just one of many pro-active steps you will take to gain better understanding of your condition, and how to prevent the onset of complications.

REASONS FOR DIABETES TESTING

If you are one of the many Americans with diabetes, keeping your blood glucose at ideal levels is one of your main goals. You want to do this for two reasons:

1. You will feel better.
2. You may prevent or delay the onset of diabetes complications such as damage to your kidneys, blood vessels, eyes and nerves.

Testing is the most effective way to maintain optimum levels.

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SELF TESTING GLUCOSE LEVELS

Self-testing is very common for diabetes patients who take insulin, are pregnant, having a hard time controlling their blood glucose levels, having severe low blood glucose levels, having ketones from high blood glucose levels, or having low blood glucose levels without the usual warning signs.

To self-test you prick the side of your finger with a special needle, called a lancet, to get a drop of blood. Then you either match a test strip to a color chart or you use a blood glucose meter to read you level. You should talk with your health care provider, midwife or nurse educator to make sure that you understand how to test.



A person with diabetes constantly manages their blood's sugar (glucose) levels. After a blood sample is taken and tested, it is determined whether the glucose levels are low or high. If glucose levels are too low carbohydrates are ingested. If glucose in the blood is too high, the appropriate amount of insulin is administered into the body such as through an insulin pump.



The catheter at the end of the insulin pump is inserted through a needle into the abdominal fat of a person with diabetes. Dosage instructions are entered into the pump's small computer and the appropriate amount of insulin is then injected into the body in a calculated, controlled manner.



To monitor the amount of glucose within the blood a person with diabetes should test their blood regularly. The procedure is quite simple and can often be done at home.

METER ACCURACY

Check your meter against your health care provider's blood test. Meters are made to give you an accurate reading. Misreadings most often happen from mistakes made by the person doing the testing. You can check the accuracy of your self--testing by taking your meter to the health care provider's office and doing a self test within 5 to 10 minutes of the time your blood is drawn from your vein. Compare your test results with the health care provider's. You meter results should be within 10% or 15 percent of your health care provider's blood test results.

KEEP A LOG OR JOURNAL

Keeping a log or journal of your test results is very important. There is more to testing than just finding out a number. You need to keep track of your results as well as the events surrounding the testing to get a clear picture of your overall blood glucose level and how activities in your life affect your levels. This takes time to track and evaluate with your health care team but it is well worth it. It will help keep your diabetes under control and help you feel better.

The emotional side of testing. When the numbers show your levels are out of range, it may trigger some emotional responses. You may feel frustrated, angry, depressed, confused or upset. If this happens, remind yourself that test results let you track how well your diabetes care plan is working. The test results are not a reflection of you as a person. Use the results to make the necessary changes to your plan so that you can improve your health and feel your best.

Urine tests are for ketones. Blood tests are for glucose levels. Urine tests are not as accurate as blood tests for checking glucose levels. Urine tests show what your glucose levels were in the past few hours. Blood tests, on the other hand, tell you what your current blood glucose level is. However, you may need to test for ketones in your urine. As ketones build up in your blood they "spill" over into your urine. Ketones are more likely to build up if you insulin-dependent diabetes. Ask your health care provider, midwife or nurse to advise you about when and if you need to test for ketones.

GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN TEST

This is a test that is done in a lab to determine your overall blood glucose level control. Hemoglobin is found inside red blood cells. Its job is to carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body. When you have uncontrolled diabetes the extra glucose in your bloodstream enters the red blood cells and links up (or glycates) with molecules of hemoglobin. Each molecule stays glycated until that red blood cell dies and is replaced with a new red blood cell. The amount of glycated hemoglobin in your blood shows the average blood glucose control for the past three to four months, which is the lifespan of a red blood cell.

In a person who does not have diabetes, about 5 percent of all hemoglobin is glycated. For someone with diabetes the levels can range from 5 percent to as high as 25 percent if their diabetes is badly out of control for a long time. If you use insulin you should have this test done four times a year.

Follow your health care team's advice about when to test and how to test. It will help you will feel better.

AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION DIABETES RISK FACTORS SELF-TEST

Many Americans have diabetes and don't know it. Some people are at higher risk for the disease such as African Americans, Hispanic/Latinos and American Indians. There are other risk factors, as well.

Take this test prepared by the American Diabetes Association and KNOW YOUR RISK.

For each true statement below, note the corresponding points. If the statement is not true for you, the score is zero. Add up your total score.

My weight is equal to or above that listed in the chart below.	YES = 5 points
I am under 65 years of age and I get little or no exercise during a usual day.	YES = 5 points
I am between 45 and 65 years of age.	YES = 5 points
I am 65 years old or older.	YES = 9 points
I am a woman who has had a baby weighing more than 9 pounds at birth.	YES = 1 point
I have a sister or a brother with diabetes.	YES = 1 point
I have a parent with diabetes.	YES = 1 point
TOTAL =

AT-RISK WEIGHT CHART

Feet/Inches Without Shoes Weight in Pounds Without Clothing 4' 10" 4' 11" 5' 0" 5' 1" 5' 2" 5' 3" 5' 4" 5' 5" 5' 6" 129 133 138 143 147 152 157 162 167

Feet/Inches Without Shoes Weight in Pounds Without Clothing 5' 8" 5' 9" 5' 10" 5' 11" 6' 0" 6' 1" 6'2" 6' 3" 6' 4" 177 182 188 193 199 204 210 218 221

If you weigh the same or more than the amount listed for your height, you may be at risk for diabetes. The chart is based on a measure called the Body Mass Index (BMI). The chart shows unhealthy weights for men and women age 35 or older at the listed heights. At-risk weights are lower for individuals under age 35.

SCORING

3-9 points: You are probably at low risk for having diabetes now. But don't just forget about it -- especially if you are African-American, American Indian, Hispanic, Asian American, or Pacific Islander. You may be at higher risk in the future. New guidelines recommend everyone age 45 and over should consider being tested every three years. However, people at high risk should consider being tested at a younger age.

10 or More Points: You are at high risk for having diabetes. Only a health care provider can determine if you have diabetes. See a health care provider soon and find out for sure.

DIABETES SYMPTOMS

Some people with diabetes have symptoms. If you have any of the following symptoms, contact your health care provider:

• Extreme Thirst
• Frequent Urination
• Unexplained Weight Loss

MONITORING TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES

Self-testing your blood sugar level lets you know how food, exercise, and medications are affecting it. It is a good idea to keep a record of your daily readings and review the results with your health care provider. To test your blood sugar level, a glucose meter is used. There are many different types of glucose meters available, and these can be purchased at your local pharmacy. In general, a drop of blood from a finger stick is placed on a test strip that is then placed in the meter. The meter then reads the amount of glucose (sugar) in your blood. This simple test tells you what your blood sugar level is at the time of the test. The readings you get in this manner help you manage your diabetes on a day-to-day or even an hour-to-hour basis.

Glucose meters have generally always revolved around using the finger stick methods, but many other glucose measuring products are available to monitor your blood sugar level. Today there are specialized lancing devices that prick the skin at different levels, a needle free laser device, blood glucose monitors using blood from other parts of the body like the arm instead of fingertips, the GlucoWatch, which is worn like a watch and detects your blood glucose level through your skin, InDuo, which combines a glucose meter and insulin injector pen, and sensors that's placed under your skin.

Self-tests may be done before meals, after meals, or at bedtime. Ask your health care provider how often and when you should test your blood sugar level. Self-tests are important for all individuals with diabetes but especially for patients treated with insulin to monitor for and prevent to prevent hypoglycemia. For most patients with Type 1 diabetes and pregnant women taking insulin, self-tests are recommended three or more times daily. The optimal frequency and timing of self-tests for patients with Type 2 diabetes is not known, but if you have type 2 diabetes and don't use insulin, you may need to test your blood sugar levels only once a day or as little as twice a week (depending on your current level of diabetes control). .When a therapy is added or modified, diabetic patients should test more often than usual.

Ideal goals recommended for most people:

• Before meals: 80-120 mg/dL
• After meals: Less than 180 mg/dL
• At bedtime: 100 to 140 mg/dL

Your blood sugar level goals may vary from these ideal goals. It is important to discuss this with your health care provider.

The hemoglobin A1C test is a blood test that tells you how well your blood sugar level has been controlled over the past 3 months. The hemoglobin A1C goal for most people with diabetes is less then 7 percent. If your number is less then 7 percent this means that your treatment plan is probably effective and your blood sugar is under good control. This test should be obtained at least twice a year and any other times as indicated by your health care provider.

If you have diabetes, it is recommended that you obtain annual foot, eye, and dental examinations by a health care provider, kidney function tests and cholesterol checks. It is also recommended that you check your feet on a daily basis. Look at your bare feet for cuts, blisters, red spots, and swelling and report anything foot problems to your doctor. If you have trouble seeing your feet, you can use a mirror or ask a friend or family member for help.

Maintenance of blood glucose control is enhanced by adjustment of diet, exercise or medication based on knowledge of blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels can be estimated directly and almost instantaneously by the patient, using fingertip samples of blood with testing strips. Estimates of blood glucose levels over the previous few hours can also be made by measuring the urine glucose level. This is done by dipping a strip in a fresh sample of urine. Although blood glucose measuring methods are deemed to provide more useful information in controlling blood glucose levels, they are more expensive than urine glucose testing methods. There is also some doubt as to whether self-monitoring of blood glucose levels is more beneficial than urine testing in achieving better glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (Gallichan, 1997).

The American Diabetes Association guidelines suggest that although the optimal frequency of testing blood glucose is not known, it should be sufficient to facilitate reaching glucose goals (Mensing et al, 2002). Furthermore, it is recognized that for effective self-monitoring, the results must be accompanied by informed interpretation and knowledge of how to use them to adjust diet, exercise or medication.

It is clear that no single answer will suit every patient. For the healthcare professional, blood glucose monitoring gives data which is more useful than urine glucose monitoring. However, most people with type 2 diabetes who are not on insulin can gain sufficient information from urine glucose monitoring. Some people may prefer urine tests to blood tests; some may not have the dexterity to perform blood tests unaided. One study has shown that many people do not use self-monitoring of blood glucose, and of those who do, only half self-adjust their treatment (Hjelm et al, 200 I).

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DIABETES AND URINE GLUCOSE MONITORING

Although used in the past to self-monitor diabetes control, urine glucose testing has been largely replaced by self blood glucose monitoring using a small, personal meter. The reason for this is the greater accuracy with which blood glucose monitoring reflects your blood glucose level. However, if you have difficulty obtaining a drop of blood, or you have some other difficulty performing blood glucose monitoring, your health care provider, midwife, or diabetes educator may suggest that urine glucose monitoring is suitable for you.

A urine glucose test determines whether or not glucose (sugar) is present in the urine. Glucose will overflow into the urine only when the blood glucose level is high, that is, too high for the kidneys to stop it spilling over into the urine. In most people, blood glucose levels above 10 mmol of glucose per liter of plasma will cause glucose to appear in the urine. This level is called the "renal threshold" for glucose. However, the renal threshold for glucose can be lower in some people who are otherwise healthy, during pregnancy, and in people who have a kidney disorder. In these people, glucose may be present in the urine despite the blood glucose being normal. This can sometimes make urine glucose tests difficult to interpret.

If you are to monitor your diabetes with urine glucose testing, you will be advised which time of day to perform the test. Make sure you understand how to perform the test, and go over the instructions for your brand of test strip with your health care provider, midwife, or diabetes educator.

ADVANTAGES OF URINE GLUCOSE MONITORING

Urine glucose testing is easy to do: just dip the test strip in the urine and read the result at the allocated time.

It is less painful than blood glucose monitoring - no finger pricks to collect blood!

Urine test strips are less costly than buying a blood glucose monitor and its test strips.

TO PERFORM THE URINE GLUCOSE TEST:

Urine glucose is usually measured as a "spot test" with a dipstick containing a color-sensitive pad. This pad is saturated with specific chemicals which react with glucose. The resulting color is indicative of the glucose concentration.

For infants, thoroughly wash the area around the urethra. Open a urine collection bag (a plastic bag with an adhesive paper on one end), and place it on your infant. For males, the entire penis can be placed in the bag and the adhesive attached to the skin. For females, the bag is placed over the labia. Place a diaper over the infant (bag and all). The infant should be checked frequently and the bag changed after the infant has urinated into the bag. For active infants, this procedure may take a couple of attempts -- lively infants can displace the bag, causing an inability to obtain the specimen. The urine is drained into the container for transport to the laboratory.

• Collect a small amount of urine.



• Apply this to the test strip, usually by dipping the strip in the urine sample.
• Read the test result at the specified time, by comparing the color change on the test strip with the standard color range for your brand of test strip. The reference color chart is usually printed on the container.

It's a good idea to write down your test results or keep a chart of them, and take these with you when you see your health care provider, midwife, or diabetes educator. Also note down any special circumstances at the time of the test, for example, if you had a cold or were under some emotional stress, or were overeating or taking medication to treat another condition.

This type of information is helpful to your health care provider or midwife when making decisions about how to best manage your diabetes.

If monitoring your diabetes control by testing your urine glucose, it's important to understand the limitations of this method.

• A urine glucose test does not reflect your blood glucose level at the time of testing; instead, it gives an indication of your blood glucose level over the past several hours. For example, some of the urine present in your bladder may be 2 hours old, and may show glucose even though your blood glucose may have normalized since then. Compare this to a blood glucose test which gives you a reading of your current blood glucose level.



• A urine glucose test does not give you any information about low blood glucose levels, as glucose is only found in the urine when the blood glucose level is above 10 mmol/L. That is, a negative urine glucose test may be the result of a normal blood glucose level or a dangerously low blood glucose level, with the urine glucose test unable to differentiate between the 2 situations.



• The results of a urine glucose test are influenced by the volume and concentration of urine that you pass, which will vary with the amount of fluid you consume and your fluid loss due to such things as heavy sweating or vomiting.


Urine glucose tests designed for home use rely on interpreting a color change to define the result. Subtle color differences may be difficult to interpret.


• If a urine glucose test is not read at the specified time after applying the urine to the test strip, then the result is prone to error.



• Some medications may interfere with the results of urine glucose testing.

Glucose in urine: When abnormal values of glucose are found during a urine test, further investigation is required to ascertain your true health status. Using a urine test is a quick and inexpensive way to check for glucose in your urine, and is one of our test kit products that can be done in the privacy of your home.

Normal Glucose Range in Urine	0 - 0.8 mmol/l (0 - 15 mg/dl)
Measuring Range	0 - 111.1 mmol/l (0 - 2000 mg/dl)

Glucose Levels In Urine: When the glucose level exceeds the renal threshold of 10 - 12 mmol/l, glucose is excreted in the urine. Abnormal Glucose Values May Indicative Of Renal Glycosuria. Diabetes Mellitus. Renal glycosuria during pregnancy. After excessive consumption of carbohydrates. Further Action Required If Glucose Is Found In Urine: Check blood glucose levels. Check urine for ketones. The 10-in-1 Urine Test Strips These test strips are the same ones I carry in my prenatal and birth bags for my pregnant clients. They check for a variety of substances found in urine, including glucose, and are helpful in keeping a finger on a client's pregnancy well-being. The glucose urine test strip uses a double sequential enzymatic reaction, involving glucose oxidase and peroxidase in the presence of an indicator is responsible for the color change. Sensitivity may decrease with urine of high specific gravity (greater than 1,030) and with ascorbic acid concentrations bigger or equal than 2,5 mmol/l. Sensitivity: 2,0 mmol/l glucose. Active Agent: Glucose oxidase (100 U/ml); peroxidase (100 U/ml). CLINITEST URINE TEST STRIPS BENEFITS The very affordable 10-in-1 test strips will check your urine for glucose, urobilinogen, ketones, protein, blood, pH, nitrite, bilirubin, leucocytes as well as specific gravity. Each of these parameters are indicative of different health problems. GLUCOSE This test is based on a sequential enzyme reaction. First, glucose oxidase catalyzes the formation of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide from the oxidation of glucose. A second enzyme, peroxidase, catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with potassium iodide chromogen to oxidize the chromogen to colors ranging from blue through greenish-brown, and brown to dark-brown. Reactivity of the test decreases as the specific gravity and/or pH of urine increases, and may also vary with temperature. Ascorbic acid (more than 50 mg/dl) and ketone bodies (more than 40 mg/dl) may cause a false negative result for a specimen containing a small amount of glucose (100 mg/dl). However, the combinations of such ketone levels and low glucose levels are metabolically improbable. The test has a sensitivity of 100-mg/dl glucose. False negative results may be obtained with the presence of levodopa, ascorbic acid, glutathione, and dipyrone. If the test color appears somewhat mottled at higher glucose concentrations, match the darkest color to the color on the reagent pad. KETONES This test is based on the reaction of acetoacetic acid in the urine with nitroprusside. The resulting color ranges from tan when no reaction takes place, to purple for a positive reaction. Normal urine specimens ordinarily yield negative results with this reagent. False positive results may occur with highly pigmented urine specimens or those containing large amounts of levodopa metabolites. Acetone or beta-hydroxybutyric acid have no significant effect on this test. BLOOD This test is based on the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin which catalyzes the reaction of 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine and buffered organic peroxide, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide. The resulting color ranges from, greenish-yellow through bluish-green to dark blue. A false positive test result can sometimes occur when bacteria are present in the urine. Ascorbic acid or protein may reduce the reactivity of the blood test. Strong oxidizing substances such as hypochlorites may produce a false positive result. Urine from menstruating females often, but not always, yield positive results. This test is slightly more sensitive to free hemoglobin and myoglobin than to intact erythrocytes. The test is generally capable of detecting 0.015-mg/dl free hemoglobin or 5 to 10 intact red blood cells per ml of urine. The sensitivity may he reduced in urine with high specific gravity and ascorbic acid content. The appearance of green spots on the reagent test area indicates the presence of intact erythrocytes in the urine. PROTEIN This test is based on the color change of the indicator tetrabromophenol blue. A positive reaction is indicated by a color change from yellow through green and then to greenish-blue. The minimum sensitivity of this test is 10 mg/dl of protein in urine. Highly buffered alkaline urines (pH 9) may give false negative results. The interpretation of results is also difficult in turbid urine specimens. NITRITE This test is based on the reaction of p-arsanilic acid and nitrite in urine to form a diazonium compound. The diazonium compound in turn couples with N- (l-naphthyl) ethylenediamine in an acid medium and the resulting color is pink. Any degree of pink color is considered positive, however, pink spots or pink edges should not be interpreted as a positive result. Color development is not proportional to the number of bacteria present. A mid-stream first morning urine specimen is recommended for this test. The sensitivity of the nitrite test is decreased with high specific gravity or ascorbic acid concentrations of 25 mg/dl or greater. Comparison of the reagent pad against a white background may aid in the detection of low levels of nitrite. PH VALUES This test is based on double indicators (methyl red and bromothymol blue), which give a broad range of colors covering the entire urinary pH range. Colors range from orange through greenish-yellow and green to blue. This test indicates the pH values within the range of 5 to 9. Certain drugs, such as those used for hypertension and heart diseases (acetazolamides) may cause an alkaline urine. Excessive urine on the test strip may wash the acid buffer from the neighboring protein reagent onto the pH area and change the pH reading to an acid pH although the urine being tested may originally have been neutral or alkaline. An accurate reading may be influenced by slight variations of pigments in the urine. UROBILIRUBIN The test is based on a diazotisation reaction of 4- Methoxybenzene diazoniurn salt and urinary urobilinogen in a strong acid medium. The color changes from pink to brown-red. This test can detect urobilinogen in concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/dl: It should be noted that most normal urines may give a slight pink reaction, and a high concentration of formalin may give a false negative result. BILIRUBIN This test is based on the coupling of bilirubin with 2.4-dichlorobenzene diazonium salt in a strong acid medium. The color changes from light tan to pinkish-purple. No bilirubin is detectable in normal urine by even the most sensitive methods. Since the bilirubin in samples is sensitive to light, exposure of the urine samples to light for a long period of time may result in a false negative test result. Ascorbic acid concentration of 25-50 mg/dl may also cause a false negative test result. Even trace amounts of bilirubin are abnormal and require further investigation. False positive results may be obtained from the presence of diagnostic or therapeutic dyes in the test urine. The test has a sensitivity of 0.5 mg/dl bilirubin and bilirubin in urine is an indicator of liver disease before any clinical symptoms are evident. LEUCOCYTES This test reveals the presence of granulocyte esterases. The esterases cleave a derivatized pyrazole amino acid ester to liberate derivatized hydroxy pyrazole. This pyrazole then reacts with a diazonium salt to produce a purple color. The test is capable of detecting trace levels as low as 15WBC/µl. SPECIFIC GRAVITY This test is based on the pka change of certain pretreated polyelectrolytes in relation to the ionic concentration. In the presence of an indicator, the color changes from deep blue in urine of low ionic concentration. Elevated specific gravity readings may be obtained in the presence of moderate quantities (100- 700 mg/dl) of protein. Specific gravity is also increased with the glucose concentration in the urine and highly buffered alkaline urines may also cause low reading results. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS Drugs that may increase urine glucose measurements include aminosalicylic acid, cephalosporins, chloral hydrate, chloramphenicol, dextrothyroxine, diazoxide, diuretics (loop and thiazides), estrogens, isoniazid, levodopa, lithium, nafcillin, nalidixic acid, and nicotinic acid (large doses). Drugs that may give false positive results with Clinitest, but not with Clinistix or Tes-tape, include acetylsalicylic acid, aminosalicylic acid, ascorbic acid, cephalothin, chloral hydrate, nitrofurantoin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides. Drugs that may give false negative results are ascorbic acid (using Clinistix, Tes-tape), levodopa (using Clinistix), and phenothiazines (using Clinistix, Tes-tape). NORMAL GLUCOSE VALUES Glucose should not be detectable in the urine. If glucose is reported positive on a urine specimen, further testing is warranted. ABNORMAL RESULTS Abnormal results producing greater-than-normal levels may indicate: Diabetes mellitus. Renal Glycosuria. This may be an isolated abnormality or occur in the context of other kidney diseases like Fanconi's Syndrome. MEDICAL URINE TEST STRIPS Many medical conditions can be investigated and detected by using medical urine test strips, and they are a great help to ascertain your health status. The Clinitest strips are available for home use, and test simultaneously for the presence of glucose, ketones, blood, protein, nitrite, pH, urobilinogen, bilirubin, leucocytes in urine as well as specific gravity. The combination of reagents that are tested gives a good general coverage for a range of health indicators. THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Regulating the volume and concentrating of body fluids by the kidneys As you can see - the test strips will test the entire spectrum of what can be tested by using urine dipstick test strips. Instead of just testing for ketones or glucose, you can now test the entire spectrum of your urine, by using Clinitest's very affordable urine test strips. URINE TEST PRODUCTS

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SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION

Subcutaneous injection is the route of administration that is most commonly chosen for injection because it provides a greater comfort level. Alternate sites in order to prevent absorption problems, the risk of infection, or soreness, which may occur if one site is used repeatedly.

Supplies:

• Alcohol swabs.


• Needle and syringe for subcutaneous injection.


• Bandage strip.


• Gauze pads.


• Medication.


• Sharp's container.

STEP 1: Wash your hands with soap and water.

STEP 2: Wipe the top of the medication vial for injection with an alcohol swab.

STEP 3: Remove the needle guard (cover) from the needle and syringe, saving the needle guard. Be sure you are using a proper syringe for subcutaneous injections. Pull back on the syringe plunger to draw up an amount of air equal to the amount of medication that will be used for the injection.

STEP 4: Holding the vial of medication in an upright position (such as sitting it on a table top), slowly insert the needle into the rubber stopper on top of the vial while holding the syringe barrel carefully. Do not bend needle. Then push the plunger to discharge all the air into the vial. This prevents vacuum.

STEP 5: With the needle in the vial, turn the vial upside down and hold both the vial and the syringe together in one hand. The tip of the needle should be in the solution. Hold the vial between the thumb and forefinger, supporting the syringe with other hand, pull the plunger back in a slow, continuous motion until you have drawn into the syringe the amount of medication to be given. Be sure the needle stays in the fluid in vial. Do not touch inside of plunger.

STEP 6: Check for clear air bubbles inside of syringe. Small bubbles are not harmful but take up space in syringe. With bubbles present, correct amount of medication may not be prepared. If air bubbles have formed in the syringe, dislodge them by gently tapping the syringe with your free hand while continuing to hold the syringe and vial in the inverted position. Bubbles should rise to the top of the syringe, and then you can push them back into the vial by moving the plunger and slowly pull the medication into the syringe again, stopping at the correct dose. Repeat this procedure until there are no large air bubbles in the syringe. Always double check to make sure you have the correct amount of medication in the syringe. If necessary, draw more solution into the syringe.

STEP 7: Remove the needle from the vial by pulling it straight out. VERY CAREFULLY replace the needle guard without touching the needle. If the medication needs to be refrigerated, place in the refrigerator.

STEP 8: Prepare the injection site by cleaning the area with an alcohol swab. To do this start at the center, apply pressure, and cleanse in a circular motion working outward. Do NOT retrace your steps. (If this is a wound repair using sutures, wash the wound thoroughly with sterile saline solution and gently dab dry with sterile gauze pads (4X4s) before injecting with anesthetic medication. Do not use alcohol for cleansing sensitive episiotomy or tears in the perineal area of the body.)

STEP 9: Wait a few seconds until the alcohol has dried. This reduces the sting. Remove the needle guard from the needle and syringe filled with medication. Hold the syringe as you would a pencil.

STEP 10: With your free hand, gently pinch up the skin at the injection site. Holding the syringe at a right angle to the site, insert the needle using a quick smooth motion. Going slowly will cause more pain. A 45 degree angle may be used for children or thin adults.

STEP 11: When the needle is in place, slowly pull back on the plunger to see if any blood flows into the syringe. If some blood does enter the syringe (a rare occurrence), remove the needle and discard the syringe and medication, and prepare another injection. According to Mosby: Nursing Interventions and Clinical Skills Skill 40.3, Routine aspiration is no longer recommended. If no blood enters the syringe, let go of the skin and slowly inject the medication by gently pushing the plunger until the syringe is empty.

STEP 12: Put alcohol swab over needle gently, and pull needle out quickly at the same angle it was inserted. Check for medication leakage at site. Apply pressure to the injection site with a dry, sterile gauze pad. You may note a drop of blood, but there is no cause for concern. If desired, apply a bandage. Without replacing the needle guard on the needle, dispose of the needle into a sharps container.

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INTRAMUSCULAR (IM) INJECTIONS

Follow the same instructions above except these injections are usually given in the large muscle of the buttock. To locate the correct area, divide the buttock into four areas. The injection should be given in the upper, outer portion of the buttock.

The needle should go into the skin on a 90 degree angle, should go into the skin the entire 1 1/2 inches (the entire length of the needle). A consistent even motion should be used when an injection is administered. The person who is getting the injection should lay face down on the bed or lean over the bed.

When the needle is in the muscle, steady the syringe with hand and pull back on the plunger to look for possible blood in the syringe (this would indicate that the needle is in not in the correct area). Should this occur, simply remove the needle and find a new injection site. You may still use the same medication, but attach a new needle to the syringe. If after pulling back on the plunger no blood was noted, medication remains clear, slowly push on the plunger to administer the entire medication in the syringe.

Pull the needle out straight and quickly. Some blood may appear at the surface of the skin. Place a band aid at the injection site. Dispose of all needles in a safe manner using a sharps container. Gently massage the area.



INJECTION LINKS

Injections - Insulin

Injections - lidocaine IV For Arrhythmia

Pets With Diabetes: Insulin Basics and Syringe Facts

Giving Insulin Injections

Intramuscular Injections for Infertility in In Vitro Fertilization

Subcutaneous Injections for Infertility and IVF

MoonDragon's Administering Anesthesia

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HERBAL & HOLISTIC RECOMMENDATIONS

HERBS

Beanpod tea, made up of kidney, white, navy, lima, and northern beans, detoxifies the pancreas.

Most legumes are a good meal choice for diabetics. even though beans contain starch, they are also rich in protein, fiber and saponins, all of which can help to balance blood sugar. Eat bean burritos, make chili with beans, put kidney beans in salads and prepare bean dips. Homemade bean soup is always nice, especially during the winter months when it is cold and miserable outdoors.

Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia), Gudmar (Gymnema sylvestre), and Gulvel/Guduchi (Tinospora Cordifo) are herbal remedies used in Ayurvedic medicine to regulate blood sugar levels.

Herbal Remedies: GlyMordica Bitter Melon, 100% Natural, 450 mg, 60 Caps
Bitter melon is one of the few agents which has the potential to bolster a flagging pancreas. Known for it's ability to help with liver problems, Diabetes and HIV also an excellent natural common cold remedy.

Herbal Remedies: Momordica Charantia Powder, Alternative Health & Herbs, 4 oz.
Momordica Charantia is an antibiotic, antiviral, immunosuppressive, insulinomimetic, and hypotensive. Also known as Bitter Melon, Momordica is used for diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus. Lowers blood sugar. Momordica is an antibiotic, antiviral, immunosuppressive, insulinomimetic, and hypotensive.

Herbal Remedies: Momordica Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
It has been suggested that Bitter Melon, Momordica, has anti-tumor and antiviral actions. MAP 30 is a protein found in Bitter Melon that is believed to have multiple functions that could be beneficial in treating HIV infection.

Herbal Remedies: Gymnema Extract, Standardized, Nature's Way, 260 mg, 60 Caps
Gymnema Extract is standardized to 75% gymnemic acids and Gymnema is a traditional Ayurvedic medicine and is referred to as destroyer of sugar because chewing the leaves blocks the taste of sweetness.

Herbal Remedies: Gymnema Sylvestre Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
For diabetes, hypoglycemia, and as a digestive tonic. Used for weight reduction, to help prevent tooth decay, and restore pancreatic function. Helps to block the absorption of sugar in the digestive tract.

Herbal Remedies: Blood Sugar Formula With Gymnema Extract, Nature's Way, 90 Caps
Blood Sugar Formula with Gymnema Extract represents the powerful synergy of current scientific research and traditional herbal medicine.

Herbal Remedies: Glucose Metabolic Support, NOW Foods, 90 Caps
Glucose Metabolic Support contains GlucoTrim, a new dietary ingredient, and extracts of Gymnema, which has been used for centuries by Ayurvedic medical practitioners for glucose metabolism.

Herbal Remedies: Guduchi Stem Powder, Certified Organic, Banyan Botanicals, 1/2 lb.
Certified Organic Guduchi Stem Powder (Tinospora Cordifolia) is a slightly bitter herb that balances all doshas, and is especially useful for a variety of pitta-related conditions.

Cedar berries are excellent nourishment for the pancreas.

Herbal Remedies: Diabetic Insulin Support, Natural Insulin Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
The Diabetic Insulin Support, natural insulin, provides synergistic support for the adrenals, kidneys and pancreas and may help those with insulin dependent diabetes. May help those with insulin dependent diabetes decrease dependence on insulin. Cleansing & detoxification formula. Suggested Dosage or Use: 6-12 drops or more, 3 times per day as needed. Ingredients: Cedar Berries; Uva Ursi; Licorice; Mullein; Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum Annum).

Dandelion root protects the liver, which converts nutrients into glucose. Note: If you suffer from gallbladder problems, avoid large quantities of dandelion.

Fenugreek seeds have been shown to reduce cholesterol and blood sugar levels. This can be purchased under the brand name Sugar-Down (unable to find this product under this brand name online).

Fenugreek seeds and blackberry and blueberry leaves have a beneficial effect on pancreatic function. Mix in equal parts to make a tea blend. Use 1 teaspoon of the mixture for each cup of water. Steep for 30 minutes and then strain. Drink as much as 2 quarts daily.

Take Garlic capsules and/or eat fresh Garlic in salad dressings or prepare a Garlic tincture. For the tincture, peel 8-10 whole bulbs of garlic and place in a blender with enough vodka or brandy to cover. Purée and transfer to a glass jar. Ensure that the garlic is fully covered by adding additional vodka, as needed. Let stand in a dark, warm place for about 2 weeks, shaking it daily. Filter out the garlic pieces and take 1 teaspoon of the tincture 3-4 times daily.

Ginseng tea is believed to lower the blood sugar level. Caution: Do not use this herb if you have high blood pressure.

Herbal Remedies: Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng) Herbal Tea, 20 Tea Bags

Herbal Remedies: American Ginseng, Whole Root, 4 oz. bulk

Huckleberry helps to promote insulin production.

Herbal Remedies: Huckleberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus) Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Huckleberry leaf is used by naturopathic physicians to treat sugar diabetes and ailments of the kidneys and gallbladder.

Stimulate the metabolism. Because the excessive sugars and fats in the blood stream can cause damage to the blood vessels, it is especially important for diabetics to maintain healthy circulation. Ensuring that all organs get enough oxygen is the only way to prevent complications, such as blindness, loss of kidney function and circulatory disease in the extremities. Blueberries and Hawthorn berries can help protect blood vessels from damage, too, just as keeping blood-sugar and cholesterol levels in check and stave off many complications. Regular use of saunas and hot baths can help stimulate the elimination of toxins from the body.

Blueberries for health. Blue and purple pigments, or anthocyanosides, are found in blueberries, bilberries and other fruits. Anthocyanosides improve circulation and help protect blood-vessel walls from damage. Use commercial capsules, drink unsweetened blueberry juice and eat fresh blueberries. You can freeze some for use during the winter months.

Juniper berries have been found to lower blood glucose levels.

Other herbs that may be beneficial for diabetes include Bilberry, Buchu, Dandelion root, Goldenseal, and Uva Ursi. CAUTION! Do not take goldenseal on a daily basis for more than one week at a time, and DO NOT USE IT DURING PREGNANCY. If you have a history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or glaucoma, use it only under a health care provider's supervision.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

Opinions may differ as to the optimal ratio of dietary carbohydrates, proteins and fats for prevention and treatment of diabetes. However, it is safe to say that carbohydrates trigger the release of insulin. As more carbohydrates are consumed, more insulin is produced. The current epidemic of obesity and diabetes in the United States indicates that we are asking our bodies to burn the wrong fuel - refined carbohydrates in this case. It has been suggested by Dr. Gerald Reaven of Stanford University that a diet consisting of 45 percent complex carbohydrates, 40 percent "good" (polyunsaturated) fats, and 15 percent protein will benefit individuals with insulin resistance, the precursor to diabetes. It is estimated that as many as 70 to 80 million Americans may be affected by insulin resistance syndrome. Medications such as metformin (Glucophage) and rosiglitazone (Avandia) are prescribed to combat insulin resistance.

Eat a low-fat, high-fiber diet including plenty of raw fruits and vegetables as well as fresh vegetable juices. This reduces the need for insulin and also lowers the level of fats in the blood. Fiber helps to reduce blood sugar surges. For snacks, eat oat or rice bran crackers with nut butter or cheese. Legumes, root vegetables, and whole grains are also good. Remember to regulate your carbohydrate intake. See Hypoglycemic Diet for helpful dietary suggestions to prevent hypoglycemic episodes.

The types of carbohydrates consumed are at least as important as the total carbohydrate loading. High-glycemic foods such as white rice, white flour products, pasta, starchy vegetables, and many processed foods are quickly converted into blood sugar during digestion, causing insulin to go up. Carbohydrates found in lower glycemic foods such as asparagus, broccoli, cabbage, green beans, and low-starch vegetables and fruits are converted into blood sugar more slowly, which only gradually raises insulin levels. Avoiding "white foods" might be best.

Supplement your diet with spirulina. Spirulina helps stabilize blood sugar levels. Other foods that help normalize blood sugar include berries, brewer's yeast, dairy products (especially cheese), egg yolks, fish, garlic, kelp, sauerkraut, soybeans, and vegetables.

Herbal Remedies: Spirulina, 100% Organic, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 120 VCaps

Herbal Remedies: Spirulina Powder, 100% Natural, NOW Foods, 1 lb.

Herbal Remedies: Spirulina Natural, Earth Rise, 500 mg, 180 Tabs

Herbal Remedies: Spirulina Natural Green Super Food For Longevity, Earth Rise, 500 mg, 360 Tabs

Get your protein from vegetable sources, such as grains and legumes. Fish and low-fat dairy products are also acceptable sources of protein. Kidney function in people with type 2 diabetes seems to benefit from dietary soy protein. This protein also raises the level of "good" cholesterol.

Herbal Remedies: Soy Protein, Unflavored, NOW Foods, 1 lb.

Herbal Remedies: Soy Protein Isolate Powder, 1 lb.

Avoid saturated fats, trans-fats, hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils, and simple sugars (except when necessary to balance an insulin reaction). While total fat intake does not seem to change the risk of getting diabetes, the trans-saturated fats and hydrogenated oils found in most fast foods can greatly increase the risk. Beneficial fats and oils include extra virgin olive oil, fish oil, almond oil and butter, avocados, nuts and seed oils such as sesame, flax sunflower, and pumpkin.

Eat more complex carbohydrates or reduce your insulin dosage before exercise. Exercise produces as an insulin-like effect in the body. Talk to your health care provider about the right approach for you.

Type 2 diabetes can be controlled by diet and exercise alone, but oral medications or injections of insulin can be added if regulating the diet does not work. Obesity is a major factor in type 2 diabetes, and a weight reduction program is often all that is required to control it.

It was once thought that people with diabetes should avoid sweetened foods. For weight control, this is still the case. However, research has shown that sugar - a simple carbohydrate - does not cause the greatest increase in blood glucose. Eating baked potatoes or some breakfast cereals causes a greater rise in blood sugar. Indeed carrots raise blood sugar more than ice cream does. It is on this principle that many high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets are based. It is essential, therefore, that people with diabetes measure their intake of both simple and complex carbohydrates - not simply those coming from sugar.

MoonDragon's ObGyn Information: Obesity - Description Overview

MoonDragon's ObGyn Information: Obesity - Herbal Suggestions For Weight Loss

MoonDragon's ObGyn Information: Obesity - Holistic & Dietary Information

MoonDragon's Nutrition Information: Diets - Weight Control Diet

MoonDragon's Nutrition Information: Diets - Weight Loss Diet

Do not take fish oil capsules or supplements containing large amounts of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and avoid salt and white flour products. Consumption of these products results in an elevation of blood sugar.

Eat more carbohydrates or reduce your insulin dosage before exercise. Exercise produces an insulin-like effect in the body. Discuss with your health care provider about the right approach for you.

A higher magnesium intake lowers the risk of getting type 2 diabetes. The journal Diabetes Care published a study in which overweight women who consumed large amount of magnesium were 22 percent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than women who consumed lower amounts. A diet rich in nuts, whole grains, and vegetables that are high in magnesium may be beneficial.

Do not take supplements containing amino acid cysteine. It has the ability to break down the bonds of the hormone insulin and interferes with absorption of insulin by the cells.

Do not take extremely large doses of vitamins B-1 (thiamine) and C. Excessive amounts may inactivate insulin. These vitamins may, however, be taken in normal amounts. See Nutrient Table for recommendations.

If symptoms of hyperglycemia develop, go to the emergency room of the nearest hospital or medical center. This is a potentially dangerous situation. Intravenous administration of proper fluids, electrolytes, and insulin may be required.

Avoid taking large amounts of vitamin B-3 (Niacin). However, small amounts (50 to 100 milligrams daily), taken by mouth, may be beneficial. In one study, large amounts of niacin raised blood sugar levels in people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes by as much as 16 percent. Over time, this could cause dependence on insulin or medication. Niacin can also cause the level of uric acid in the blood to rise, indicating probable kidney dysfunction and an increased risk of gout. However, niacinamide, a form of niacin, shows down the destruction and enhances the regeneration of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, and therefore may be helpful for those with type I diabetes.

Chromium deficiency may be a key player in the type 2 diabetes problem. In addition, chromium may help improve body composition - that is, the ratio of fat to muscle. Chromium is not generally available in plant foods as plants have no requirement for it and thus do not concentrate it. Brewer's yeast, beer, whole grains, cheese, broccoli, and meat are good dietary sources, but not all are good choices for people with diabetes. Inorganic forms of chromium are poorly absorbed. Chromium picolinate is an effective organic form that is readily available as a supplement. See Nutrient Table for dosage and details.

Many nutrients recommended for people with diabetes are available in combination supplements. One company that produces a line of specialty supplements for people with diabetes is Progressive Research Labs of Houston.

If you have a child with diabetes, be sure his or her teacher knows how to respond to the warning signs of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

If symptoms of hypoglycemia develop, immediately consume fruit juice, soda pop, or anything else that contains sugar. If that fails to help within 20 minutes, repeat this regimen. If the second treatment fails, or if you cannot ingest food, seek immediate medical attention and/or administer a glucagon injection. Anyone who has insulin-dependent diabetes should always carry a glucagon kit and know how to use it.

MoonDragon's Nutrition Information: Diets - Hypoglycemic Diet

Avoid tobacco in any form. It constricts the blood vessels and inhibits circulation. Keep your feet clean, dry, and warm, and wear only white cotton socks and well-fitting shoes. Lack of oxygen (because of poor circulation) and peripheral nerve damage (with loss of pain sensation) are major factors in the development of diabetic foot ulcers. Try to avoid injury, and take measures to improve the circulation in the feet and legs. See Circulatory Problems.

Alcohol now and then may help. A growing body of evidence links moderate alcohol consumption with reduced risks of heart disease. The same may be true for type 2 diabetes. Moderate amounts of alcohol-a drink a day for men, a drink every other day for women-increases the efficiency of insulin at getting glucose inside cells. And some studies indicate that moderate alcohol consumption decreases the risk of type 2 diabetes. (4, 14) If you already drink alcohol, the key is to keep your consumption in the moderate range. If you don't drink alcohol, there's no need to start-you can get the same benefits by losing weight, exercising more, and changing your eating patterns.

Chromium Picolinate: A Complementary Nutritional Therapy for Diabetes Chromium picolinate is a nutritional supplement that can help control diabetes. As the name implies, it is a combination of two different substances: chromium and picolinate. Chromium is a mineral that helps to increase the efficiency of insulin, the hormone that controls blood glucose (blood sugar) levels; picolinate is an amino acid derivative that allows the body to use chromium much more readily. The shape of individual insulin molecules is important to the hormone's effectiveness. If the molecules maintain their proper shape, the insulin can effectively transport glucose into the cells, where it is needed. Without chromium, insulin molecules become misshapen, and can no longer serve as an effective transportation system, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, starting a chain reaction that eventually leads to diabetes. Scientists have long known that chromium is a vital nutrient, but not until chromium was combined with picolinate was a truly effective means of providing supplemental chromium developed. In the body, chromium takes the form of an ion, a particle with an electrical charge. This charge is repelled by the body's cells, making it difficult for chromium to enter the cells. Picolinate is a chelator, a substance that can bind with an ion and neutralize its charge. Once chromium and picolinate join together, the chromium's repellant charge is done away with. The body's cells then are able to accept the chromium. The effectiveness of chromium picolinate has been tested on individuals with a number of different health problems, including diabetes. Research shows that most people with diabetes experience a decline in blood glucose levels after they start taking daily chromium picolinate supplements. As a result, it is believed that chromium picolinate may be able to help many people with diabetes (especially type II diabetes) to control their blood sugar levels. This in turn would allow them to cut back on their intake of insulin and other drugs, likely resulting in fewer side effects. Furthermore, since improving the action of insulin also helps the body to use fat as a fuel, chromium picolinate can help reduce obesity. This means that it may enable some people with type II diabetes to lose enough weight to stop taking drugs entirely. However, it is not recommended that people with diabetes simply go out and buy chromium picolinate supplements and start taking them. Anyone who has diabetes, especially type I diabetes, must exercise caution with this supplement. Its effects on insulin requirements are very real. Blood sugar levels must be monitored carefully and the appropriate dosages of insulin and/or other drugs adjusted as needed in response. Otherwise, a potentially dangerous insulin reaction may occur as a result of too little glucose in the blood. Anyone interested in using chromium picolinate for the treatment of diabetes should first seek the advice of a qualified health-care provider, preferably a nutritionally oriented practitioner who has experience in this area. Herbal Remedies: Chromium / Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF) / Chromium Polynicotinate Information Herbal Remedies: ChromeMate, Biologically Active, Niacin Bound Chromium Complex, NOW Foods, 180 Caps NOW ChromeMate contains a unique patented niacin-bound chromium complex. Chromium is an essential trace mineral that works with insulin to support healthy blood glucose levels and plays an important role in the proper utilization of protein, fat and carbohydrates. Herbal Remedies: Chromium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 50 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz. WaterOz Ionic Chromium is a pure liquid chromium supplement. Chromium helps the body regulate metabolism, regulate insulin and blood sugar levels, helps the body lose weight by stimulating enzymes that metabolize glucose, burns fat. Chromium deficiencies may contribute to Infertility and decreased sperm count. Herbal Remedies: Chromium Picolinate, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 200 mcg, 100 Caps Nature's Way Chromium Picolinate is 100 percent natural, patented Chromium Picolinate. Herbal Remedies: Chromium Picolinate, NOW Foods, 200 mcg, 100 Caps Chromium is an essential trace mineral that works with insulin to support healthy blood glucose levels and plays an important role in the proper utilization of protein, fat and carbohydrates. Chromium helps insulin to metabolize fat, turn protein into muscle and convert sugar into energy.

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NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS

Unless otherwise specified, the following recommended doses are for adults over the age of 18. For a child between 12 and 17 years, reduce the dose to 3/4 the recommended dose. For a child between 6 and 12 years old, use 1/2 the recommended dose, and for a child under 6, use 1/4 the recommended dose.

NUTRIENTS
Supplement	Suggested Dosage	Comments
Very Important
Alpha-Lipoic Acid	As directed on label.	For treatment of peripheral nerve damage in diabetic patients. Helps control blood sugar levels. Alpha Lipoic Acid, NOW Foods, 250 mg, 60 Caps
Chromium Picolinate	400-600 mcg daily.	Improves insulin's efficiency, which lowers blood sugar levels. Caution: If you have diabetes, consult with your health care provider before taking any supplement containing chromium. Chromium Picolinate, NOW Foods, 200 mcg, 100 Caps, Chromium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 50 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz., ChromeMate, Biologically Active, Niacin Bound Chromium Complex, NOW Foods, 180 Caps
Or Diabetic Nutrition Rx (Progressive Research Labs)	As directed on label.	A combination of chromium picolinate, vanadyl sulfate, and other vitamins and minerals that work synergistically to regulate blood sugar levels and correct deficiencies. Caution: If you have diabetes, consult with your health care provider before taking any supplement containing chromium.
Or Brewer's Yeast (With Added Chromium)	As directed on label.	An excellent source of protein and several B-vitamins. Take with chromium supplement. Brewer's Yeast, Debittered, NOW Foods, 1 lb., Brewer's Yeast, NOW Foods, 650 mg, 200 Tabs
Garlic (Kyolic)	As directed on label.	Decreases and stabilizes blood sugar levels. Enhances immunity and improves circulation.
L-Carnitine	500 mg twice daily, on an empty stomach. Take with water. Do not take with milk. Take with 50 mg vitamin B-6 and 100 mg vitamin C for better absorption.	Mobilizes fat. L-Carnitine, Stable Tartrate Form, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 60 Caps, L-Carnitine Liquid, Double Strength, NOW Foods, 16 fl. oz.
Plus L-Glutamine	500 mg twice daily, on an empty stomach. Take with water. Do not take with milk.	Reduces the craving for sugars. L-Glutamine, Amino Acid Supplement, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 120 Caps, L-Glutamine Powder, 100% Pure Free Form Amino Acid & GH Releaser, Vegetarian, NOW Foods, 1 lb
Plus Taurine	500 mg twice daily, on an empty stomach. Take with water. Do not take with milk.	Aids in the release of insulin. Taurine, Free Form, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 Caps
Quercetin (Activated Quercetin) (Quercetin-C)	100 mg 3 times daily.	Helps protect the membranes of the lens of the eye from accumulations of polyols as a result of high glucose levels.
Raw Adrenal Glandular And Raw Pancreas Glandular And Thyroid Glandular	As directed on labels.	Aids in rebuilding and nourishing these organs. See Glandular Therapy. Pancreas (Beef), Organic Glandular, Hypoallergenic, Allergy Research Group / Nutricology, 90 Caps, Adrenal, Organic Glandular, Hypoallergenic, Allergy Research Group / Nutricology, 75 Caps,
Vanadium	As directed on label.	Aids insulin's ability to move glucose into the cells. Use vanadyl sulfate form. Vanadium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 100 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.,
Vitamin B Complex	50 mg of each B vitamin daily, with meals 3 times daily (amounts of individual vitamins in a complex will vary). Do not exceed 300 mg daily from all supplements.	B vitamins work best when taken together. Ultimate B (Vitamin B Complex), Nature's Secret, 60 Tabs, Vitamin B-100 Complex, w/ Coenzyme B-2, Nature's Way, 631 mg, 100 Caps
Plus Extra Biotin	5-50 mg (5,000-50,0000 mcg) daily.	Improves the metabolism of glucose. Biotin does not appear to have any toxic levels when taken at high doses. Studies have been done with doses between 5 mg (5,000 mcg) to 15 mg (15,000 mcg) daily. Biotin is not known to be toxic. Oral biotin supplementation has been well-tolerated in doses up to 200 mg/day in people with hereditary disorders of biotin metabolism. In people without disorders of biotin metabolism, doses of up to 5 mg/day for two years were not associated with adverse effects. Biotin Coenzyme, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 1000 mcg, 100 Sublingual Lozenges,
And Inositol	50 mg daily.	Important for circulation and for prevention of atherosclerosis. Inositol (Vitamin B-8), 100% Natural, Pure Crystalline, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 100 Caps
Vitamin B-12	As prescribed by health care provider or directed on label.	Needed to prevent diabetic neuropathy. Injections (under a health care provider's supervision) are best. If injections are not available, use a lozenge or sublingual form. Vitamin B-12 Complex Liquid, NOW Foods, 2 fl. oz., Vitamin B-12, Nature's Way, 2000 mcg, 100 Sublingual Lozenges, Vitamin B-12 Liquid Supplement, 50 mcg, With Vitamin B-9 (Folic Acid), 400 mcg, 1 oz. Vitamin B-12, California Natural, 1000 mcg, 60 Tabs, Vitamin B-12 LipoSpray, NOW Foods, 2 fl. oz.
Zinc	50-80 mg daily. Do not exceed a total of 100 mg daily from all supplements.	Deficiency has been associated with diabetes. Use zinc gluconate lozenges or OptiZinc for best absorption. Zinc Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 100 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz., Colloidal Silver & Zinc Lozenges, Silva Solution, 90 Lozenges, Zinc Lozenges W/ Echinacea & Vitamin C, Nature's Way, 23 mg, 60 Lozenges, Zinc (Chelated), 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 30 mg, 100 Caps
Very Important
Coenzyme Q-10	80 mg daily.	Improves circulation and stabilizes blood sugar. CoQ10, Vegetarian Coenzyme, NOW Foods, 30 mg, 60 VCaps, CoQ10, Now Foods, 400 mg, 60 Softgels
Coenzyme A	As directed on label.	Facilitates the repair of RNA and DNA. Supports the immune system's detoxification of many dangerous substances. Can streamline metabolism, ease depression and fatigue, and increase energy. Works well with CoQ10. Pantethine (Coenzyme A Precursor), Highly Active Form of Vitamin B-5, 300 mg, NOW Foods, 60 Softgels
Magnesium	750 mg daily.	Important for enzyme systems and pH balance. Protects against coronary artery spasm in arteriosclerosis. Magnesium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 350 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz., Just An Ounce Calcium & Magnesium Liquid, Almond Flavor, 16 fl. oz., Calcium & Magnesium Mineral Complex, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 500 mg / 250 mg, 250 Caps
Manganese	5-10 mg daily. Take separately from calcium.	Needed for repair of the pancreas. Also a cofactor in key enzymes of glucose metabolism. Deficiency is common in people with diabetes. Manganese Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 30 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.,
Psyllium Husks Or Aerobic Bulk Cleanse (ABC) (Aerobic Life Industries)	As directed on label. Take with a large glass of water. Take separately from other supplements and medications.	Good fiber source and fat mobilizer. Psyllium Husk, Nature's Way, 525 mg, 180 Caps, Psyllium Husk Powder, NOW Foods, 100% Pure, vegetarian, 24 oz.,
Important
Vitamin A	15,000 IU daily. If you are pregnant, do not exceed 10,000 IU daily.	An important antioxidant needed to maintain the health of the eyes. Use emulsion form for the best absorption. Vitamin A, 10,000 IU, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 100 Softgels
Plus Natural Beta-Carotene Or Carotenoid Complex (Betatene)	25,000 IU daily. As directed on label.	An antioxidant and precursor of vitamin A. Needed by all cells for repair and rebuilding. Important antioxidant needed to maintain the health of the eyes. Beta Carotene (Natural Dunaliella Salina), Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 25,000 IU, 100 Softgels, Multi-Carotene Antioxidant, Nature's Way, 60 Softgels
Vitamin C With Bioflavonoids	3,000-6,000 mg daily, in divided doses.	Essential in immune function and tissue repair. Deficiency may lead to vascular problems in people with diabetes. Vitamin C Liquid w/ Rose Hips & Bioflavonoids, Kosher, Natural Citrus Flavor, Dynamic Health, 1000 mg, 16 fl. oz., Ester C With Bioflavonoids, Nature's Way, 1000 mg, 90 Tabs, Vitamin C 1000 With Bioflavonoids, Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 1000 mg, 250 VCaps, The Right C, Nature's Way, 1000 mg, 120 Tabs
Vitamin E	200-400 IU daily.	Improves circulation and prevents complications through its antioxidant properties. Use d-alpha-tocopherol emulsion form for easier assimilation and greater safety at higher doses. Ester E Natural Vitamin E, California Natural, 400 IU, 60 Softgels, Vitamin E, 400 IU, 100% Natural, NOW Foods, 100 Gels, Vitamin E-1000, NOW Foods, 1000 IU, 100 Gels, Vitamin E, d-alpha-tocopherol, 400 IU, 100 Softgels
Helpful
Calcium	1,500 mg daily.	Important for pH balance. Calcium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 700 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz., Liquid Calcium W/ConcenTrace, Orange Vanilla, Trace Minerals, 1000 mg, 32 fl. oz., Cal-Mag Pre-Chelated Calcium & Magnesium, Vital Earth, 240 Gelcaps
Copper Complex	As directed on label.	Aids in protein metabolism and in many enzyme systems. Copper Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 50 +/- ppm, 16 fl oz.,
Maitake	1-4 g (1,000-4,000 mg) daily.	Maitake mushroom extract may help to normalize blood sugar levels. Maitake Mushroom, Whole, 100% Organic, 4 oz., Maitake Mushroom Powder, 100% Organic, 4 oz., Maitake Full Spectrum Extract, 300 mg, 90 VCaps
Multi-Enzyme Complex Plus Proteolytic Enzymes	As directed on label. Take with meals.	To aid digestion. Proper digestion is essential in management of diabetes. Plant Enzymes, NOW Foods, Vegetarian, 120 VCaps, Enzymes, All Complete, 250 mg, 90 Caps, MetabolicZyme (Hypoallergenic), Allergy Research Group / Nutricology, 900 Tabs
Pantethine	As directed on label.	A form of pantothenic acid that reduces LDL cholesterol and helps prevent buildup in the arteries. Pantethine (Coenzyme A Precursor), Highly Active Form of Vitamin B-5, NOW Foods, 300 mg, 60 Softgels
Pycnogenol Or Grape Seed Extract	As directed on label. As directed on label.	Contains powerful antioxidants that also enhance the activity of vitamin C and strengthens connective tissue, including that of the cardiovascular system. Pycnogenol W/ Vitamin E, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 50 mg, 30 Tabs, Grape Seed (Grapeseed) (Vitus vinifera), 100% Pure, NOW Foods, 16 fl. oz.
Spirulina Or Spiru-tein from Nature's Plus	As directed on label. Take between meals.	To supply protein, needed to build and repair tissue. Also acts as an appetite stimulant. Spirulina, 100% Organic, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 120 VCaps, Spirulina Powder, 100% Natural, NOW Foods, 1 lb. Spirulina Natural, Earth Rise, 500 mg, 180 Tabs, Spirulina Natural Green Super Food For Longevity, Earth Rise, 500 mg, 360 Tabs

DIABETES SUPPLEMENTAL PRODUCTS

Information, products and supplements for diabetes, a disease of the pancreas related to the release of insulin into the blood stream. Consult with your health care provider or midwife before taking any nutritional supplement or changing your dietary/medicational plan.

All Natural Travel Size Stevia Sweetener, SteviaClear Liquid, 6 ml, 60 servings Stevia Sweetener an all natural, no calories, no carbs, no bitter aftertaste, with endless uses sweetener.

Aloe Vera Juice, Pure Aloe Force, Organically Grown, Unprocessed, Whole Raw Aloe Vera, 33.8 fl. oz. The magnificent Aloe plant, that is designed to be self-sufficient & thrive in the desert, feeds us in unique ways with its 250+ naturally occurring constituents including: enzymes, amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, glycoproteins, sterols, growth factors, & all sizes of uniquely complex Aloe polysaccharides and mannans.

Aloe Vera Juice, Herbal Aloe Force, Organically Grown, Unprocessed, Whole Raw Aloe Vera, 33.8 fl. oz. Herbal Aloe Force Re-Natures the cells, tissues, glands, organs and all systems of the body to function as originally designed.

Alpha Lipoic Acid W/ Rosemary, Nature's Way, Pharmaceutical Grade, 50 mg, 60 Caps Alpha Lipoic Acid is central to recycling other antioxidants like Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and GSH glutathione. By "sparing" their destruction, Alpha Lipoate extends their antioxidant power. Being both water and fat soluble, lipoic acid is the "universal" antioxidant that can easily function in both cellular membranes and fluid media within and outside the cell.

Alpha Lipoic Acid, NOW Foods, 250 mg, 60 Caps Alpha-Lipoic Acid is a versatile water and fat soluble metabolic antioxidant. Another benefit is that it also acts as a potent free radical quencher and aids other vitamins in their antioxidant activities.

Bhumy Amalaki Powder (Phyllanthus Niruri), 100% Organic, 8 oz. Bulk Bhumy Amalaki is employed for numerous conditions including blennorrhagia, colic, diabetes, dysentery, fever, flu, tumors, jaundice, vaginitis, and dyspepsia.

Blood Sugar Formula w/ Gymnema Extract, Nature's Way, 90 Caps Contains GTF Chromium part of an important cofactor for insulin as well as other herbs and minerals used in support of healthy blood sugar levels. This formula represent the powerful synergy of current scientific research and traditional herbal medicine.

Buchu Leaves Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz. Buchu leaves act as a diuretic and antiseptic, and today is used in treating inflammation of the urethra, blood in the urine, bladder infections, and other chronic urinary tract disorders.

Chromium Picolinate, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 200 mcg, 100 Caps Nature's Way Chromium Picolinate is 100 percent natural, patented Chromium Picolinate. It contains no artificial ingredients or preservatives.

Cinnamon Bark (Cinnamonum Verum), NOW Foods, 600 mg, 240 Caps Experiments conducted by the USDA have shown that this - the variety we call "True Cinnamon" can lower blood sugar by mimicking insulin, activating insulin receptors and working with insulin in the cells to reduce blood sugar by up to 20%.

Coral Calcium (Okinawa) Plus w/ Magnesium & Vitamin D, 100% Natural, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 VCaps Okinawa Coral Calcium Plus with Magnesium, Vitamin D and 70 other trace minerals provides essential minerals, restores body alkalinity, supports the immune system, and is bio available for better absorption.

Diabetes Formula Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz. This diabetic formula may help to decrease the amount of insulin required by the individual.

Diabetic Foot Bath Oil, With Organic Alpine Herbs, (Oel Fussbad), 100 ml This Diabetic Foot Oil Bath, is an ideal cleanser and moisturizer for dry, calloused, sensitive skin.

Diabetic Insulin Support Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz. The Diabetic Insulin Support formula provides synergistic support for the adrenals, kidneys and pancreas and may help those with insulin dependent diabetes.

Flax Protein / Fiber / Lignan Cold Milled Powder Plus Omega 3, Certified Organic, Nature's Way, 16 oz. With 6 g Fiber/300 mg Lignan/5 g Protein (including 18 amino acids) per serving, Nature's Way EFAGold is one of nature's richest sources of protein, fiber & essential fatty acids.

Flax Seed, Whole, Certified Organic, 1 lb. Bulk Flax Seeds are an important source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including Omega-3, plus Magnesium, Zinc and dietary fiber. Flax oil from flax seeds is the richest known source of linolenic acid.

Garlicin Cholesterol Control, Odor Free, Nature's Way, 350 mg, 90 Enteric-Coated Tabs In clinical studies garlic has been shown to lower serum cholesterol and help maintain circulatory efficiency. The greatest effect resulted from garlic products with standardized amounts of allicin release in doses of 5,000 mcg per day.

Ginkgo Biloba Extract Standardized, Nature's Way, 60 mg, 120 VCaps Supports circulation to the brain as well as the extremities. This is achieved by maintaining healthy blood vessel tone and reducing blood viscosity. Additionally, Ginkgo biloba is a proven free radical scavenger and antioxidant.

Glucomannan (Konjac Fiber), Nature's Way, 665 mg, 180 Caps Nature's Way Glucomannan (Amorphophallus konjac fiber) is a 100% dietary fiber source obtained from the root of the konjac plant.

GlyMordica Bitter Melon, 100% Natural, 450 mg, 60 Caps Bitter melon is one of the few agents which has the potential to bolster a flagging pancreas. It has been recommended by the Department of Health of the Philippines as one of the best herbal medicines for it's ability to help with liver problems, Diabetes and HIV. It is an excellent natural remedy for the common cold.

Gymnema Sylvestre Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz. For diabetes, hypoglycemia, and as a digestive tonic. Used for weight reduction, to help prevent tooth decay, and restore pancreatic function. Helps to block the absorption of sugar in the digestive tract.

Huckleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz. Huckleberry leaf is used by naturopathic physicians to treat sugar diabetes and ailments of the kidneys and gallbladder.

Insulin Health X-Factors, Blood Sugar Supplement, 60 Tabs Insulin Health X-Factors is a revolutionary cutting edge dietary supplement specifically designed to support healthy insulin metabolism as well as cardiovascular function.

L-Glutamine, 100% Pure Powder, Free Form Amino Acid & GH Releaser, Vegetarian, NOW Foods, 1 lb. L-Glutamine is an important amino acid and natural Growth Hormone Releaser that helps brain function, and may be used for combating effects of alcoholism, alleviating hypoglycemia, fatigue reduction, improving exercise endurance, benefiting the liver and intestines, maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract, and strengthening the immune system.

Liquid Flavored Sweetleaf Stevia, 4 Flavored Stevia Bottles, 6 ml, 60 servings each Flavored Sweetleaf Stevia has Four exciting All Natural, Zero Cal, Zero Carb, Zero Glycemic index - Flavored Stevia bottles at an exciting value of only one penny per drop.

Manuka Honey, Active UMF 10+, 375 g Comvita Active UMF 10+ Manuka Honey contains a high level of antibacterial activity not found in other honeys. For digestive health and to assist the digestive process.

Momordica Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz. It has been suggested that Bitter Melon, Momordica, has anti-tumor and antiviral actions. MAP 30 is a protein found in Bitter Melon that is believed to have multiple functions that could be beneficial in treating HIV infection.

Multi-Vitamin & Multi-Mineral for Diabetics, Completia Diabetic Vitamin Formula, Iron Free, All Natural, Nature's Way Vegetarian, 90 Tabs Twice daily multivitamin formula for diabetics, with Alpha Lipoic Acid, Fenugreek and GTF Chromium for daily support. Specially balanced nutritional supplement. Extra support with Alpha Lipoic Acid, Chromium, L-Carnitine, Quercetin Taurine and Vanadium. Plus an herbal blend of Fenugreek, Cinnamon and Neem.

Natural Treatments For Diabetes, By R. N. Ellsworth This Book offers essential information on the types of diabetes and symptoms, as well as dietary recommendations, and current research.

Noni Juice, Trace Minerals, 32 fl. oz. Trace Minerals Noni Juice product may provide nutritional support for Bio-Electric Health and Body Mineral Balancing.

NOW Foods, Stevia Extract Powder, 100 packets / Box This Stevia Extract Powder is a Packeted Form of Stevia rebaudiana the "Honeyleaf" with Zero Fat, Zero glycemic index, Zero Calories, and No Bitter Aftertaste.

Omega 3 Fish Oil Mood Aid, EFA Gold, Enteric Coated, 60 Softgels Research suggests a correlation between consuming more omega-3 fatty acids from fish and better emotional health. MoodAid provides a convenient way to add an effective amount to your diet.

Opuntia (Prickly Pear), 250 mg, 100 Caps Opuntia prickly pear flowers (Opuntia ficus-indica) were traditionally used as medicine for male urinary discomforts. It was also used externally as an ointment.

Reversing Diabetes, Revised and Updated, by Julian Whitaker, M.D. This bestselling guide will arm you with safer and equally effective ways of treating diabetes through a sensible diet, exercise, and specific nutritional supplement suggestions. You can improve blood sugar control, reduce if not eliminate reliance on medication, decrease risk of complications and diseases associated with diabetes.

Siberian Eleuthero Root, Nature's Way (Eleuthero, Eleutherococcus Senticosus Root), 410 mg, 100 Caps Siberian Ginseng Root (Eleutherococcus Senticosus Root) improves physical an mental vitality. It is an adaptogenic herb, which helps the body to adapt to daily stress. It is an ideal supplement for those leading a demanding and hectic lifestyle.

Stevia Clear Liquid Tincture, Wisdom Herbs, 4 fl. oz. Stevia Clear Liquid Tincture is an excellent diabetic aid which nourishes the pancreas, helping to achieve healthful blood sugar levels.

Stevia Clear, Chocolate Raspberry Liquid Tincture, 2 fl. oz. We've taken out best selling SteviaClear and added delicious natural flavors to create the world's most amazing and versatile zero calorie, zero carb dietary supplement.

Stevia Clear, Vanilla Creme Liquid Tincture, 2 fl. oz. We've taken out best selling SteviaClear and added delicious natural flavors to create the world's most amazing and versatile zero calorie, zero carb dietary supplement.

Stevia Clear, Valencia Orange Liquid Tincture, 2 fl. oz. We've taken out best selling SteviaClear and added delicious natural flavors to create the world's most amazing and versatile zero calorie, zero carb dietary supplement.

Stevia Glycerite, Alcohol Free, NOW Foods, 2 fl. oz. Stevia glycerite is intended for dietary supplement purposes only. Stevia Glycerite can be mixed into water and diluted.

Stevia Extract, White Powder, 25 g Stevia extract has a delicious and refreshing taste that can be 30 times sweeter than sugar. Stevia is also an excellent diabetic aid which nourishes the pancreas, helping to achieve healthful blood sugar levels.

Sugar Balancer, TCM Formula, Huafen Yuxiao, 60 Caps Chinese medicine uses this time-honored formula to supplement the Qi and Yin and to maintain healthy blood and urine sugar level and healthy functions of the autonomic nerve.

Sugar Control Herbal Tea, 20 Tea Bags For maintaining normal blood sugar and blood fat level, urine sugar level.

Vanadium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 100 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz. WaterOz Ionic Vanadium is a pure liquid Vanadium supplement. Vanadium regulates the circulatory system, helps reduce cholesterol levels and buildup in the central nervous system, lowers elevated blood sugar and is believed to help reduce the incidence of heart attack.

Vitamin E (D-Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate), 100% Natural, NOW Foods, 400 IU, 250 Softgels Vitamin E is a major antioxidant and the primary defense against lipid peroxidation. It is particularly important in protecting the body's cells from free radical/oxidative damage.

Zinc Lozenges w/ Echinacea & Vitamin C, Nature's Way, 23 mg, 60 Lozenges Nature's Way Zinc lozenge boosts cold season defense with zinc, widely recognized as an important nutritional support during the cold season, and echinacea pupurea, clinically shown to support the immune system, and Vitamin C, a vitally important vitamin for general health maintenance.

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Herbal Remedies: Diabetes Information

Herbal Remedies: Diabetes Supplements & Products

NOTIFY YOUR MIDWIFE OR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...

You or a family member has diabetes mellitus and wants to become pregnant or is pregnant.

The following occur during treatment call 9-1-1 immediately:

• Inability to think clearly.
• Weakness.
• Excessive sweating.
• Paleness.
• Rapid heartbeat.
• Seizures.
• Loses consciousness or becomes unconscious. A coma may indicate hypoglycemia.
• Fruity odor on the breath.
• Changes in breathing pattern.
• Stupor (may indicate ketoacidosis).
• Several days of illness or weakness.
• Numbness.
• Tingling or pain in the hands and feet.
• Chest pain.

Has a low blood sugar level (less than 50 mg/dL), symptoms of low blood sugar (see above) and does not wake up after being given sugar.

Is becoming increasingly sleepy and has a blood sugar level of less than 60 mg/dL after following steps for dealing with low blood sugar.

Call your health care provider or midwife if you have gestational diabetes and:

• You notice a change in the pattern of or stop having fetal movements.
• Your blood sugar level is below 55 mg/dL and you have not talked with your health care provider or midwife about how to deal with low blood sugar levels.
• Your blood sugar level does not rise above 60 mg/dL after following the steps for dealing with low blood sugar.
• Your blood sugar level is above normal and you have not talked with your health care provider or midwife about how to deal with high blood sugar.
• You are taking insulin and your blood sugar level stays high after taking a missed dose of insulin or taking an extra dose of insulin (if prescribed by your health care provider).
• You have problems with high or low blood sugar levels. If you are taking insulin, you may need to change how much you are taking.
• You are sick for more than 2 days (unless it is a mild illness, such as a cold) and you:
  • Have been throwing up or have had diarrhea for more than 6 hours.
  • Think your symptoms, such as feeling very thirsty and weak, are being caused by high blood sugar.
  • Have tried the home treatments suggested by your health care provider or midwife, and they have not worked.
  • Have blood sugar levels consistently above 180 mg/dL.

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FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT DIABETES

For more information on diabetes and its potential complications, contact the following organizations:

American Diabetes Association
1701 North Beauregard Street
Alexandria, VA 22311
1-800-DIABETES
1-800-342-2383
Website: www.diabetes.org
Ask about state and local chapters.

American Heart Association
7272 Greenville Avenue
Dallas, TX 75231
1-800-AHA-USA1
1-800-242-8721
Website: www.americanheart.org
Ask about state and local chapters.

International Diabetes Center
3800 Park Nicollet Boulevard
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55416-2699
1-888-825-6315
1-952-993-3393
1-952-993-1302 (fax)
Website: www.parknicollet.com/diabetes/index.html

Joslin Diabetes Center
One Joslin Place
Boston, MA 02215
1-617-732-2400
Website: www.joslin.harvard.edu

Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF)
120 Wall Street
New York, NY 10005-4001
1-800-533-CURE
1-800-533-2873
1-212-785-9595 (fax)
Website: www.jdrf.org

National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC) 1 Information Way
Bethesda, MD 20882-3560
1-800-860-8747
1-301-654-3327
1-301-907-8906 (fax)
Website: www.niddk.nih.gov/health/diabetes/ndic.htm

National Eye Institute (NEI)
National Institutes of Health
2020 Vision Place
Bethesda, MD 20892-3655
1-301-496-5248
Website: www.nei.nih.gov

National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Building 31, Room 9A04
31 Center Drive, MSC 2560
Bethesda, MD 20892-2560
1-301-496-3583
Website: www.niddk.nih.gov

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HELPFUL ONLINE LINKS

CDC Diabetes Public Health Resource

WebMD Diabetes Health Center

Space Crystals Provide Hope For Diabetes

Diabetes Online

GlaxoSmithKline: Diabetes Info, Diet and Recipes

Children With Diabetes Online Community

Lab Tests Online: Diabetes

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MOONDRAGON'S RELATED LINKS

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Diabetes

MoonDragon's Birth Guidelines: Glycosuria - Gestational Diabetes

MoonDragon's ObGyn Information: Pregnancy & Diabetes (Pre-gestational)

MoonDragon's Nutrition Information: Hypoglycemic Diet

MoonDragon's Nutrition Information: Gestational Diabetes Diet

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Hypoglycemia

MoonDragon's ObGyn Information: Diabetic Retinopathy

MoonDragon's Nutrition Information: Weight Control Diet

MoonDragon's Nutrition Information: Weight Loss Diet

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Leg Ulcers

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Bed Sores

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Bed Sores Guidelines

MoonDragon's Health Therapy: Pain Control

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