DESCRIPTION

Urinat tract infections (UTIs) are very common; approximately 8 to 10 million people seek professional medical assistance annually for this disease. Women are affected more than men, although men and children can get UTSs. Approximately one woman in five will have a urinary tract infection in her lifetime. Pregnant women have a greater risk of developing urinary tract infections. Most infections are not serious and can easily be treated with antibiotics, However, if left untreated, some infections can result in kidney damage and even death. This is why it is so important to seek appropriate medical treatment if a UTI is suspected. UTIs can involve bladder, kidneys, ureters (tubes connecting kidneys to bladder). Asymptomatic bacteruria is the presence of multiplying bacteria in the urinary tract without obvious symptoms. There are three types of urinary tract infections:

• Urethritis is infection of the urethra (vessel that leads from bladder to external opening through which urination occurs).



• Cystitis is an infection of the urinary bladder.



• Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection that occurs when bacteria ascends up the ureters, arising from cystitis. It is a significant and potentially dangerous infection.

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FREQUENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Sometimes, no symptoms are obvious. Not everyone with a UTI has symptoms (asymptomatic), but most people get at least some. Here are the most frequent signs and symptoms of a UTI:

• Frequent urination (the average person urinates six times a day).
• Dysuria is a painful burning sensation in the area of the bladder or urethra during urination. Pain at the beginning of urination is usually associated with urethritis, whereas pain in the middle of urination is associated with cystitis.


• It is common for a person with a UTI to complain that despite the urge feeling to urinate, only a small amount of urine is present indicating the bladder is practically empty.


• A nagging type pain in the lower abdomen. Often women complain of an uncomfortable pressure above the pubic bone and some men experience a feeling of fullness in the rectum.


• The urine may appear cloudy. In addition the urine may have a pungent, unpleasant, foul-smelling odor.


• Blood in the urine giving the urine a reddish color.
• A leaking urine (urinary incontinence) may occur.
• It also is not unusual to fee bad "all over," with shaky, tired, flu-like symptoms. These include fever, chills, nausea and vomiting. If a fever is present greater than 101°F it usually means that the infection has reached the kidneys (pyelonephritis). Other symptoms specific to kidney infection include pain in the back or side (flank), nausea and vomiting.

In young children and infants the symptoms of a UTI may be overlooked or mistakenly attributed to another condition. Symptoms in infants and young chilodren include irritability, change in eating habits, unexplained fever that does not go away, urinary incontinence (such as bed wetting) or change in urinary pattern and loose stools.

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CAUSES

A breakdown in the body's defense mechanisms that allows bacteria from the vagina, perineum, rectum, or a sexual partner to invade the urinary tract system.

Bacteria that enter the kidney through the bloodstream from an infected source in the body can infect from above the urinary tract, or a UTI can occur from below by bacteria entering the urethra and spreading upward. Infection from above is most often seen in newborn babies with a systemic infection known as sepsis. Infection from below is much more common. It is most often seen in small children and adults. Small children, still using diapers, have stool (which is largely bacteria) in close proximity to their urethra. The longer they sit in soiled diapers, the more likely the chance of infection. In addition, small girls are more prone to infection because they have a shorter urethra than boys.

Uncircumcised boys are more likely to get an infection than circumcised boys because bacteria survive in warm, moist areas like the area under the foreskin. When toilet trained, older girls may be more likely to get a UTI if they wipe themselves from back to front, because this can expose the vaginal and meatal area to bacteria which colonize the rectum, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli). However, infections can be caused by Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Citrobacter, Streptococcus fecalis and, rarely, Staphylococcus aureus.

Sexually active teenagers and adult women are more prone to UTIs because of friction that occurs at the meatus during intercourse, which allows bacteria to enter and ascend the urinary tract. This problem can be avoided by urinating after sexual intercourse.

People with diabetes have a higher risk of infection because of changes in the immune system secondary to the high sugar concentrations. Any disorder that affects the immune system raises the risk of developing a UTI. UTIs may occur in infants who are born with abnormalities of the urinary tract, such as posterior urethral valves or vesicoureteral reflux. These conditions sometimes require surgery.

Women are more vulnerable to these infections due to shortness of the urethra. Infection ascends from the urethra to the bladder. If they are not expelled from the body, can continue up the ureters and infect the kidneys. UTIs affect women more often than men and the bacteria can be spread by sexual contact. Other risk factors include kidney stones, diabetes, enlarged prostate (in men), sickle cell anemia and having a bladder catheter. Various changes in the urinary tract in pregnant women increase the risk of infection.

Many women suffer from frequent UTIs, which is defined as three or more culture-verified UTIs in one year. This condition is known as recurrent cystitis. Studies have shown that nearly 20 percent of women who have one UTI will have another, and 30 percent of those women will have yet another. Of the last group, 80 percent will have a recurrence. Usually the recurrent infection stems from a strain or type of bacteria different from the original UTI, which suggests a separate infection. Research indicates that one factor involved in recurrent UTIs may be the ability of the bacteria to adhere to cells lining the urinary tract. Additional studies have shown that women with specific blood types are more prone to UTIs.

Pregnant women are no more likely to develop a UTI than other women. However, if a UTI occurs it is much more likely to travel to the kidney and cause pyelonephritis. Two to 4 percent of pregnant women develop a UTI; this is believed to be due to the hormonal changes and a shift in the position of the urinary tract during pregnancy. These changes make it easier for bacteria to ascend the urinary tract and travel to the kidneys. For this reason many health care providers recommend periodic testing of pregnant women's urine.

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RISK INCREASES WITH

A history of urinary tract infection.

Diabetes mellitus.

Sickle cell anemia trait.

Underlying abnormalities of the urinary tract.

More than 3 previous pregnancies.

Presence of renal stones (nephrolithiasis).

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PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Drink plenty of fluids (8 glasses of water a day).

Empty bladder immediately before and right after sexual intercourse.

Wipe from front to back after a bowel movement.

Urine studies during prenatal visits with your midwife.

Do not postpone urination. Urinate when you feel the need.

Drink plenty of unsweetened, pure cranberry juice to keep the urine acidic and not alkaline.

Wash genitals thoroughly. Maintain good hygiene.

Women should always wipe from front to back after bowel movements.

Avoid douches (unless recommended by your midwife or health care provider).

Avoid feminine hygiene sprays and products with deodorants.

If a UTI is suspected, see your health care provider for antibiotic treatment.

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EXPECTED OUTCOME

With early diagnosis and treatment, symptoms usually resolve in a few days. Recurrence is not uncommon.

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POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS

Pyelonephritis, that may become chronic.

Untreated urinary tract infections that can progress to pyelonephritis, which is associated with premature labor and poses a serious risk to the unborn child and mother.

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnostic tests may include a urinalysis and urine culture by your midwife. You will be advised on how to collect a clean, midstream urine sample.

TREATMENT

For an asymptomatic infection or cystitis, medication is generally all that is required for treatment. Follow-up urine cultures are important to ensure that the infection is eradicated.

Pyelonephritis treatment normally requires hospitalization for intravenous medications and careful monitoring for complications, such as dehydration. If there is no improvement in symptoms, further diagnostic testing is considered.

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MEDICATION

Antibiotics may be prescribed if other alternative therapies do not eradicate the infection. It is important to complete full dosage even if the symptoms disappear. In some cases, when a UTI recurs, antibiotic treatment may be recommended for the remainder of the pregnancy. In cases of pyelonephritis, antibiotic therapy is often continued to suppress future infections, a preventive strategy by allopathic practitioners often referred to as antibiotic prophylaxis.

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ACTIVITY

No restrictions in normal activities.

Avoid sexual intercourse when symptoms are present.

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DIET

No special diet after treatment, but eat a well-balanced pregnancy diet.

Drink plenty of fluids (especially water).

Avoid sugars, coffee, black tea, soda and alcohol during treatment as these tend to promote bacterial growth.

BENEFICIAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS

NOTE: Consult with your midwife or health care provider before taking any nutritional supplements or starting any dietary therapy if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. These supplemental products listed are for the general population and may not be recommended for pregnant or lactating women. For more suggestions see:

MoonDragon's ObGyn Information: Cystitis

Cranberry can help prevent urinary tract infections. Drinking unsweetened pure cranberry juice will help to acidify urine, inhibiting bacterial growth. If shopping in a grocery store, look for pure, undiluted, unsweetened cranberry juice. Do not use cranberry juice cocktail. It contains added sugar and lots of water. Cranberry Juice concentrate is available that can be added to water. See product links below.

CRANBERRY PRODUCTS For many decades cranberry juice has been thought to reduce bacterial infections of the bladder. Studies in recent years have confirmed this, showing that cranberry juice inhibits adherence of E. coli cells to cells lining the bladder, rendering them harmless. Cranberry has been shown to reduce bacteria levels in the urinary bladders of older women significantly better than placebo. Two different active constituents have been identified, fructose and a large polymeric compound. Fructose is present in all fruits, but the large polymeric compound is found only in cranberry and blueberry juices, and not those of grapefruit, orange, guava, mango and pineapple. Mountain Rose Herbs: Cranberry Powder, Freeze-Dried Powder, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Ayurvedic Herbs Direct: Cranberry Bladder Defense, Planetary Formulas, 120 Tabs Ayurvedic Herbs Direct: Cranberry Concentrate, Full Spectrum, Standardized 90% Solids, Planetary Formulas, 560 mg, 90 Tabs Kalyx: Cranberry Juice Powdered Extract, Starwest Botanicals, Vaccinium macrocarpon 18% Solids, 1 lb Kalyx: Cranberry Juice Freeze-Dried Powder, Frontier Bulk Herbs, 1 lb. Kalyx: Cran-Aid Tea, Traditional Medicinals, 16 Tea Bags Kalyx: Just Cranberry Juice, Smucker Quality Beverages, 12 Bottles, 32 fl. oz. Each Bottle HerbsPro: Cranberry Concentrate, Natural Sources, 8 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Cranberry Concentrate, Natural Sources, 16 fl. oz. This product contains cranberry and apple juice concentrates. When reconstituted according to the directions below it contains the equivalent of 95% strength pure cranberry juice and 87% strength pure apple juice. Use full strength and mix 8 ounces of concentrate with 56 ounces of water or juice to make a healthy delicious drink. Approximately 8.5 pounds of fresh whole fruit is pressed and concentrated to prepare each pint of Cranberry & Apple Juice Drink Concentrate. HerbsPro: Cranberry Concentrate, Dynamic Health Labs, 8 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Cranberry Concentrate, Dynamic Health Labs, 16 fl. oz. Cranberry has long been linked to helping defeat urinary tract infections, and recent research is beginning to bear this out. When a cranberry is in its juvenile state, it is green and bitter, making it unpalatable to most animals. This is a matter of survival. At this early stage, the cranberry produces a certain class of molecules known as flavonoids, substances that have been investigated for their nutritional benefits and antibacterial activity. Studies have shown that the particular flavonoids produced by the cranberry have a strong antibacterial effect. As the berry matures, it must propagate. To ensure that this happens, the plant transforms the flavonoid molecules to sugar molecules. ( so it will be more palatable for animals to eat and spread it's seeds ). This sugar molecule makes cranberry effective as a nutrient within the urinary tract. In the human body, different cells have unique receptor sites. In cranberries, the sugar unlocks a receptor site on the walls of the urinary tract.Helps Defeat Urinary Tract Infections. Reconstitute by taking 8 teaspoons of concentrate and reconstituting in 16 fl. oz. water. HerbsPro: Cranberry Tea, Alvita Teas, 24 Bags HerbsPro: Urinary Tract Cranberry Powder, Eclectic Institute, 68 Grams HerbsPro: Cranberry (Vaccinium Macrocarpon Fruit), Eclectic Institute, 300 mg, 120 Caps Each 300 mg capsule contains 100% Fresh Freeze-Dried: Certified organically grown Vaccinium macrocarpon whole fruit; Assay range: 0.75-1.5% Procyanidin Oligomers (Water Soluble Tannins ) by HPLC and 0.5-1% Total Anthocyanosides (Natural Pigments) by Vis Spectroscopy pH Differential Method. HerbsPro: AZO Cranberry, Maintain Healthy Urinary Tract, Amerifit Nutrition, 50 Tabs Maintain a healthy urinary tract with AZO Cranberry tablets. Studies have shown that cranberry helps block the attachment of certain bacteria to the urinary bladder wall. Instead of drinking lots of cranberry juice that is loaded with sugar and calories, AZO Cranberry comes in a convenient, low-cal tablet form - without the extra calories. HerbsPro: Cranberry Power, Natures Herbs, 60 Caps Crandberry Power contains standardized extract of Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), which inhibits the adhesion of E.Coli bacteria to the lining of the bladder, which helps maintain urinary tract health, avoids urinary tract infections and reoccurrences, and has astringent qualities that may help therapy kidney disorders. Certified Potency Power-Herbs. Nutritionally supports healthy urinary tract function. Our exclusive FreshCare System inhibits normal plant oxidation, maintaining product potency and extending freshness. It includes all-natural antioxidants in each capsule, oxygen-absorbing packets in each bottle, special air-tight seals and amber glass packaging for uncompromised quality. This certified potency symbol is your guarantee of dependable consistent quality and potency in every capsule every time. Only form nature's herb. Certified Potency Cranberry-Power is the highest quality, most potent and most effective form of Cranberry Extract available. A rich source of Organic Acids, Cranberry-Power is standardized with the greatest concentration of naturally-balanced active principles while retaining and enhancing all the whole-plant synergistic benefits, thus making it one of the world's finest and purest concentrated plant extracts. HerbsPro: Cranberry Fruit, Natures Herbs, 470 mg, 100 Caps Nature's Herbs Cranberry Whole Fruit comes from select quality berries grown in North America. Our fresh, whole berries are individually dried fruit then milled to retain and enhance all their healthful benefits. Since the entire berry, including skins, in Nature's Herbs Cranberry Whole Fruit, you are assured of receiving all the important naturally-occurring organic acids and other constituents. Cranberry Whole Fruit nutritionally supports healthy urinary tract function. Nature's Herbs' Cranberry Whole Fruit comes from select quality berries grown in North America. The Herb Masters' Original Formulas. Nutritionally supports healthy urinary tract function. Vaccinium Macrocarpon. Nature's Herbs Cranberry Whole Fruit comes from select quality berries grown in North America. Our fresh, whole berries are individually quick frozen then milled to retain and enhance all their nutritional benefits. Since the entire berry, including skins, in Nature's Herbs Cranberry Whole Fruit, you are assured of receiving all the important naturally-occurring vitamins, minerals, and organic acids. Each gelatin capsule is preservative-free. HerbsPro: Cranberry Juice, Natures Herbs, 500 mg, 100 Caps Nature's Herbs Cranberry Juice Concentrate. Nutritionally Supports Health Urinary Tract Function. 505mg each. Nature's Herbs Cranberry Juice Concentrate capsules use only the finest quality Cranberries available, indicated by a zestful tartness and fresh, plump appearance. Our fresh juicy berries are extracted retaining and enhancing by a spray-dry cold process retaining and enhancing all the important nutritional benefits of fresh Cranberry juice. Our exclusive FreshCare System inhibits normal plant oxidation, maintaining product potency and extending freshness. It includes all-natural antioxidants in each capsule, oxygen-absorbing packets in each bottle, special air-tight seals and amber glass packaging for uncompromised quality. Unconditional Product Guarantee: Nature's Herbs unconditionally guarantees this completely natural product to your satisfaction. Nature's Herbs products are non-irradiated. HerbsPro: Extra Strength Cranberry Concentrate, Schiff-Bio Foods, 1000 mg, 90 Softgels Schiff Natural Cranberry Concentrate contains one gram of cranberry powder, which is eight times more concentrated than whole cranberries. And unlike typical cranberry juice drinks, which can have large amounts of fructose and added sugar, Schiff Natural Cranberry Concentrate does not add sugars. Cranberries help support a healthy urinary tract.* The compounds in cranberries (bioflavanoids, organic acids, carotenoids, and fiber) coat and protect the urinary tract.* Hippuric acid is formed by the body from other components of cranberries. HerbsPro: Cranberry Extract, Natrol, 400 mg, 30 Caps Cranberry is rich in Antioxidants. Supports Urinary Tract Health. For centuries, Native Americans used crushed cranberries for a variety of purposes. Today, controlled studies suggest organic acids from cranberries help promote urinary and bladder health. HerbsPro: Cranberry Bladder Defense, Planetary Herbals, Genitourinary Tract Support, 120 Tabs Cranberry's unique constituents are noted for their anti-adhesion qualities, which support a healthy genitourinary tract. Planetary Formulas Cranberry Bladder Defense combines a highly concentrated cranberry extract with echinacea, one of North America's most respected botanicals for supporting immune defenses, and uva ursi, highly valued for its support of the genitourinary system. To support genito-urinary health, drink plenty of pure water throughout the day, drink non-sweetened cranberry juice and supplement with vitamin C. HerbsPro: Full Spectrum Cranberry Concentrate 100, Planetary Herbals, 500 mg, 90 Tabs Cranberry is widely used to support the health of the genitourinary tract. Research has shown that it has an anti-adhesion factor that avoids bacteria from attaching to the walls of the urinary tract. Planetary Formulas Full Spectrum Cranberry Concentrate 100 is a concentrated extract, yielding a broad spectrum of cranberry's valuable plant acids. Each 500 mg tablet is equivalent to drinking 8 ounce of cranberry juice cocktail. HerbsPro: Cranberry Fruit, Natures Way, 465 mg, 180 VCaps Nature's Way Urinary with Cranberry Fruit. Herbal Dietary Supplement. Promotes normal urinary tract health. This formula represents the powerful synergy of current scientific research and traditional herbal medicine. Key ingredients include: Concentrated Cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) Fruit, to maintain a healthy urinary tract. Dandelion Leaf, traditionally used for supporting regular urination. Goldenseal Root, a popular herb containing berberine, and often recommended for urinary tract health. Marshmallow Root & Corn Silk, historically used to soothe the urinary tract. HerbsPro: Cranberry Standardized Extract, Natures Way, 400 mg, 120 VCaps Cranberry (Vaccinium Macrocarpon) inhibits the adhesion of E.Coli bacteria to the lining of the bladder, which helps maintain urinary tract health, relieves urinary tract infections and reocurrences, and has astringent qualities that may help kidney disorders. Contains 30 mg of Vitamin C (as ester C polyascorbate) and concentrated Cranberry Berry Juice. HerbsPro: Cranberry Super, Natures Answer, 60 VCaps Cranberry (super) Promotes a Healthy Urinary Tract Health. Contains Vitamin C (as Ester-C) Vitamin E, Thiamine, Vitamin B6, Pantothenic acid, Potassium, Cranberry extract and Proprietary herbal blend 180 mg containing: Uva Ursi leaf, Cornsilk stigmas, Juniper berries, Queen of Meadow aerial parts, Blueberry fruit, Kava kava root, Goldenseal root. HerbsPro: Cranberry Fruit, Natures Answer, 400 mg, 90 VCaps Cranberry fruit (Vaccinium macrocarpon) has long been regarded as a traditional treatment for supporting healthy urinary tract function. Nature's Answer capsules feature the highest quality of organic, responsibly wildcrafted or cultivated herbs, which maintain the naturally-occurring constituents found in the plant. They are carefully selected and finely milled (micronized), allowing faster absorption by the body; Manufactured to cGMP (current Good Manufacturing Practices) standards; Free of synthetic ingredients. Unconditionally Guaranteed. HerbsPro: Cranberry Extract, Standardized 6%, Now Foods, 1000 mg, 90 VCaps Cranberry has become an essential component in the promotion of sound urinary tract health. Maximum Strength Standardized Cranberry Extract from NOW is naturally rich in powerful compounds called proanthocyanidins (OPC's). These OPC's help wash away undesirable particles that try to adhere to the wall of the urinary tract. NOW® Maximum Strength Standardized Cranberry Extract makes it simple to support healthy urinary tract function. Each serving delivers 1000 mg of Cranberry Extract, standardized to a minimum 6% Quinic Acid and 3% OPC's. For added support, we've also included 300 mg of Uva Ursi, scientifically shown to destabilize the membranes of undesirable particles, and 45 mg of rich Grape Seed Extract, an antioxidant high in OPC's. HerbsPro: Cranberry Concentrate, Now Foods, 100 Caps Cranberry Concentrate capsules are a convenient way of obtaining the benefits of cranberry juice. It takes over 8 pounds of whole cranberries to produce 1 pound of Cranberry Concentrate powder. Our high potency capsules are equivalent to 5,600 mg (700 mg - 8:1 extract) whole cranberries, the highest level of any supplement. Nutritional support for healthy urinary tract and washes away undesirable particles. HerbsPro: Cranberry Extract, FoodScience of Vermont, 400 mg, 60 Caps A dietary supplement to support urinary tract function. The active ingredients in our Cranberry Extract, Malic, Citric, and Quinic Acids acidify the urine and keep unwanted material from adhering to the cells that line the bladder wall. HerbsPro: Cranberry Plus, Futurebiotics, 90 Tabs Cranberry Plus combines cranberry inhibits the adhesion of E. Coli bacteria to the lining of the bladder, with herbs and nutrients that support and maintain bladder, urinary tract, and kidney health. Cranberry Plus Advanced woman's formula. Cranberry Plus contains a highly concentrated extract of cranberry juice. It takes 25 pounds of cranberries to make 1 pound of our highly concentrated extract. With Cranberry Plus you get all the benefits of the cranberry without added calories or refined sweeteners. Four tablets are equivalent to the biological activity of 96 ounces of cranberry juice cocktail. 100% satisfaction guaranteed. HerbsPro: True Organics Cranberry, Enzymatic Therapy, 500 mg, 30 Tabs True Organics™ Cranberry Enhances urinary tract health, delivers antioxidant-rich protection. Convenient, cost-effect urinary tract support, While a clinical study showed both cranberry juice and cranberry tablet supported urinary tract health, cranberry tablet provided the most cost-effective support. HerbsPro: Cranberry Extract, Herb Pharm, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Cranberry Extract, Alcohol Free, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Cranberry Extract, Herb Pharm, 4 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Cranberry Extract, Eclectic Institute, Alcohol Free, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Cranberry Extract, Ecelectic Institute, Alcohol Free, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi - Horsetail Cranberry Extract, Eclectic Institute, Alcohol Free, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi - Horsetail Cranberry Extract, Eclectic Institute, Alcohol Free, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi - Horsetail Cranberry Extract, Eclectic Institute, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Cranberry Magic, Urinary Tract Health, Herbasway, 2 fl. oz. Not just for urinary tract health, Cranberry Magic is a potent antioxidant that protects and detoxifies. It combines cranberry with the therapeutically beneficial elderberry and lo han fruits. The result is a delicious herbal supplement that helps to maintain urinary tract health, promotes cardiovascular health, cellular health and even dental health. Because of its detoxifying properties, it increases your energy levels and improves mood. Not just an herbal tea, Cranberry Magic can be taken in juice, on ice cream or in soda water. Cranberry Magic is a product for total health in the entire family. Cranberry Magic is rich in whole cranberry powder. It contains the skins, seeds, pulp and juice. This assures maximum benefits of cranberry. Working synergistically with elderberry powder, rich in proanthocyanidins, it is extremely effective and tastes great. Stevia and Lo Han provide a balancing and moistening effect on the internal organs. TakeHerb: Triple Strength Cranberry Fruit Concentrate, Good'n Natural, 420 mg, 100 Softgels Triple Strength Cranberry Concentrate contains 420 mg of cranberry concentrate per serving, which is 3 times more than our regular Cranberry Concentrate, so one softgel 2 times daily is all you need. Cranberries are known for their ability to support urinary health. This product also contains Vitamin C, an antioxidant that plays a role in supporting immune function, plus Vitamin E, an essential nutrient crucial for good health. TakeHerb: Cranberry Concentrate. Health Herbs, Helps Prevent UTIs, 1400 mg, 100 Caps Helps prevent bladder infections. Good for the kidneys, bladder, and skin. Cranberry Concentrate capsules are a convenient way of obtaining the benefits of cranberry juice. It takes over 8 pounds of whole cranberries to produce 1 pound of Cranberry Concentrate powder. TakeHerb: Cran Clearance, Potent Formula, Jarrow Formulas, 100 Caps Cran-Clearance™ is a 10:1 cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) concentrate containing the vital acids quinic, benzoic and hippuric, found in fresh cranberries, and proanthocyanidins (OPCs) unique to cranberries found to possess an Anti-Adherence Factor that helps to maintain a balance of healthy bacteria in the urinary tract (uroepithelial cells). Cranberries and cranberry juice have long been associated with the maintenance of a healthy urinary tract. TakeHerb: Urinary Tract Support, Natures Inventory, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Cranberry Concentrate, Defeat Urinary Tract Infection, Dynamic Health Labs, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Cranberry Concentrate, Defeat Urinary Tract Infection, Dynamic Health Labs, 16 fl. oz.

Vitamin C with bioflavonoids may be included as a nutritional supplement and vitamin C rich liquids.

VITAMIN C & BIOFLAVONOID PRODUCTS Important antioxidant that protects against cell damage. Essential in immune function and tissue repair. Kalyx: Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Powder, Pure, Nutricology, 1000 mg, 120 Grams Kalyx: Vitamin C, Pure, Nutricology, 1000 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: HerbaLozenges Orange C, Zand, 125 mg, 15 Per Bag Kalyx: Gummy Vitamin C Slices, Rainbow Light, 30 Single Serve Packets Kalyx: Fruit Snacks, 100% Vitamin C, Farley's & Sathers Candy Co., 5 lbs. Kalyx: Ester- C Powder With Citrus Bioflavonoids, American Health, 8 oz. Kalyx: Ester-C Liquid, American Health, 8 fl. oz. Kalyx: Ester-C Advanced Antioxidant Formula, American Health, 90 Vegetarian Tabs Kalyx: Ester-C Chewable Wafers, American Health, 250 mg, 125 Wafers HerbsPro: Maxi-C Complex Vitamin C, Country Life, 1000 mg, 180 Tabs TakeHerb: Ascorbic Acid Powder (Vitamin C), NOW Foods, 3 lbs. TakeHerb: Ascorbate C Powder, TwinLab, 2000 mg, 8 oz. TakeHerb: Liquid C With Rose Hips, Good'n Natural, 300 mg, 4 oz. TakeHerb: Alive! Organic Vitamin C Powder, Made With Organic Fruit, Nature's Way, 120 grams TakeHerb: Vitamin C-500 Complex With Bioflavonoids, Acerola & RoseHips, NOW Foods, 100 Tabs

If taking antibiotics, include unsweetened or naturally sweetened yogurt in diet. Antibiotics will kill all bacteria, good and bad in the digestive tract. The active culure yogurt and acidophilus-bifidus supplements help replace the good bacteria needed for proper digestion.

ACIDOPHILUS & BIFIDUS PRODUCTS Kalyx: Acidophilus & Bifidus, Lactose Free, Nature's Answer, 100 mg / 100 mg, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Acidophilus, Milk-Free, Schiff, 1 Billion CFU, 100 Caplets Kalyx: Acidophilus, Milk-Free, Schiff, 1 Billion CFU, 250 Caplets Kalyx: Acidophilus Probiotic, Natrol, 100 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: Acidophilus Probiotic, Natrol, 100 mg, 150 Caps Kalyx: Probiotic Acidophilus Liquid Culture, Strawberry, American Health, 16 fl. oz. Kalyx: Acidophilus Powder, Frontier Natural Bulk Herbs, 5 Billion CFU, 1/2 lb. Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Banana, American Health, 100 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Blueberry, American Health, 100 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Strawberry, American Health, 100 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Assorted Fruit Flavors, American Health, 120 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: BioBeads Probiotic Acidophilus, Natrol, 30 Beads Kalyx: BioBeads Probiotic Acidophilus, Natrol, 90 Beads TakeHerb: Stable Acidophilus, 3 Billion, NOW Foods, 180 Tabs TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Blueberry, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Strawberry, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Original Flavor, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Banana, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Apple Strawberry, Dynamic Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Black Cherry, Dynamic Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Kyo-Dophilus, One Per Day, Wakunaga, 30 Caps TakeHerb: Kyo-Dophilus Chewable, Wakunaga, 90 Tabs

Uva Ursi leaf herbal tea (antiseptic herb which passes through the kidneys). This can be made by taking 1 ounce of the herb and place them in a jar, pour boiling water over the herb and cover. Let stand for 4 hours or overnight. Drink 1/4 cup 4 times daily for prevention and 1/2 cup daily for an active infection.

UVA URSI PRODUCTS Uva Ursi, also known as Bearberry, has a specific affinity for the genito-urinary organs, especially for urinary tract infections, cystitis, nephritis, urethritis, pyelitis, hematuria (bloody urine), yeast infections, vulvitis. Uva Ursi leaves were officially a drug for urinary antiseptic in the United State Pharmacopoeia (U.S.P.) and the National Formulary N.F. from 1820 until 1950. Mountain Rose Herbs: Uva Ursi, Certified Organic & Wildcrafted Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Uva Ursi, Natures Way, 480 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: Uva Ursi Extract, Natures Way, Standardized, 60 Caps Kalyx: Uva Ursi 4:1, Herbal Extracts Plus, 600 mg, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Uva Ursi Extract (Arctostaphylos uva ursi), Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Uva Ursi Extract, Health & Herbs, 8 fl. oz. Kalyx: Uva Ursi Leaf, Cut & Sifted, Organic, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Uva Ursi Leaf Powder, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Extract, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Extract, Natures Answer, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Extract, Herb Pharm, 4 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Extract, Natures Way, 60 Caps HerbsPro: Uva Ursi, Natures Way, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Uva Ursi, Now Foods, 500 mg, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Leaf, 100% Fresh Freeze Dried, Wildcrafted, Eclectic Institute, 350 mg, 90 Caps House of Nutrition: Uva Ursi Leaf Extract, Gaia Herb, 4 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Uva-Ursi Extract, Herb Pharms, 8 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Uva Ursi, Solaray, 500 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Uva Ursi Leaf Powder, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Uva Ursi Leaf, Wildcrafted, Cut & Sifted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Uva Ursi Extract, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Uva Ursi, Now Foods, 500 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Uva Ursi Leaf, Natures Herbs, 100 Caps

AHCC supports immune function.

AHCC SUPPLEMENT AHCC is a proprietary extract produced from specially cultivated and hybridized mushrooms. AHCC is a rich source of polysaccharides such as beta glucan 1,3 and activated hemicellulose produced by enzymatic modification of organic medicinal mushrooms, including shiitake. According to extensive research in humans, as well as numerous non-clinical studies, AHCC supports immune system function through its effects on macrophages and NK (Natural Killer) Cells. NK cells and the intercellular mediators they produce are critical for the maintenance of healthy cell cycle function. AHCC has also been shown to possess antioxidant properties, and supports healthy liver function. As a dietary supplement, take 2 VCaps 2 times daily or take a 1/2 teaspoon (2 g) powder two times daily with water or juice, preferably on an empty stomach. This is a vegetarian-vegan product. House of Nutrition: AHCC Powder, NOW Foods, 2 oz. House of Nutrition: AHCC, BlueBonnet, 500 mg, 30 VCaps House of Nutrition: AHCC, BlueBonnet, 500 mg, 60 VCaps House of Nutrition: AHCC, NOW Foods, 750 mg, 60 Caps TakeHerb: Kinoko AHCC, 250 mg, 60 VCaps TakeHerb: AHCC, Source Naturals, 500 mg, 30 Caps TakeHerb: AHCC, Source Naturals, 500 mg, 60 Caps TakeHerb: AHCC Kinoko Platinum, Quality of Life Labs, 750 mg, 60 VCaps TakeHerb: AHCC Powder, Planetary Herbals, 2 oz. TakeHerb: ImmPower - Immune System Support, American BioSciences, 30 VCaps

Anantmul is effective in treating urinary problems.

ANANTMUL PRODUCTS Anantmul, also know as Indian Sarsaparilla, is employed in nutritional disorders, syphilis, chronic rheumatism, gravel and other urinary diseases and skin problems. Modern studies have demonstrated the antibacterial activity of the root extract and essential oil. Clinical trials have shown a benefit in ringworm infection and for malnutrition. It is a febrifuge, diuretic, antidiarrheal, lactagogue, skin cleanser and tonic. Ayurvedic Herbs Direct: Anantmul, Vadik Herbs, 100 VCaps Kalyx: Anantmul (Hemidesmus indicus), Bazaar of India, Vadik Herbs, 100 VCaps Kalyx: Anantmul (Indian Sarsaparilla Root; Hemidesmus indicus) Powder, Bazaar of India, 8 oz. TakeHerb: Anantmul - Indian Sarsaparilla, Bazaar of India, 100 VCaps TakeHerb: Anantmul Root Powder, Wildcrafted Hemidesmus indicus, Bazaar of India, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Anantmul, Organic, Banyan Botanicals, 1 lb.

Buchu is a natural urinary disinfectant.

BUCHU SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS Buchu herb has traditionally been claimed to treat a wide variety of disorders, some of which include stomach complaints and urinary tract infections. Also known as the "urinary herb", it is a natural diuretic. Buchu is well known for its beneficial stimulating and soothing effects on the urinary tract system of both men and women. The active ingredient, diosphenol (or barosma camphor), is said to be a potent antiseptic and diuretic, and the herb has been especially helpful in the treatment of urinary tract infections, including prostatitis, urethritis and cystitis. Buchu has been said to reduce swelling of the prostate, soothe the lining membrane of the urethra and alleviate painful urination. It is also thought to help control bladder and kidney problems and the incontinence that is associated with prostate problems. Buchu is considered one of the best herbs for the prostate gland. Mountain Rose Herbs: Buchu Leaf, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Buchu Leaf Powder, Certified Organic (Barosma betulina), Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Buchu Leaf, Herbal Extracts Plus, 600 mg, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Buchu Leaf Extract, Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Buchu Leaf Extract, Health & Herbs, 8 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Rooibos-Buchu Tea Blend, Organic Kosher, African Red Tea Imports, 20 Bags HerbsPro: Buchu Extract, Herb Pharm, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Buchu Extract, Eclectic Institute, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Buchu Extract, Eclectic Institute, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Buchu Extract, Herb Pharm, 4 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Rooibos-Buchu Tea, Value Pack, African Red Tea, 40 Tea Bags House of Nutrition: Buchu Extract, Herb Pharm, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Buchu Leaf Extract, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Buchu Leaf Powder, Wildcrafted Barosma betulina, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb.

Honeybush Tea is good for the urinary tract.

HONEYBUSH TEA PRODUCTS Honeybush tea is a herbal tea that is caffeine free and very low in tannic acid. It is therefore especially valuable for children and patients with digestive and heart problems where stimulants and tannins should be avoided. It has a very pleasant sweet tasting honey flavor and also a very healthy drink. It is normally consumed with milk and sugar, but to appreciate the delicate sweet taste and flavor, no milk or sugar should be added. Descriptions of the flavor vary from that of hot apricot jam, floral, honey-like and dried fruit mix with the overall impression of sweetness. The tea has the added advantage that the cold infusion can also be used as iced tea and it blends well with fruit juices. Honeybush tea is prepared by boiling about 4 to 6 grams of the dried material (approximately 2 to 3 tablespoonfuls) per liter for 20 minutes. The antioxidant acitivity increases when the tea is boiled longer than 10 minutes. Research by the Department of Chemistry of the University of the Orange Free State indicated those substantial amounts of (+)-pinitol is present in Honeybush tea. Pinitol is used as an expectorant and also has anti-diabetic activity. Research on Honeybush tea has only started recently in the 90’s and already great progress was made on testing and researching the medicinal values of this tea. Honeybush Tea drinkers in South Africa claim that it has a calming effect, is a natural diuretic and has healing effects on certain skin ailments. Believe it or not, Honeybush Tea has been used by the local population in South Africa longer than Rooibos Tea! It has a recorded history dating as far back as 1705. The bush has a very attractive bright yellow flower that is heavily scented like honey. Unlike Rooibos, Honeybush Tea grows 99% wild, with the first experimental crops planted in 1996. De Nysschen et al found 1995 three major phenolic compounds in honeybush tealeaves: a xanthone c-glycoside, mangiferin and O-glycosides of hesperitin and isosakuranetin, two flavanones. NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF HONEYBUSH TEA Honeybush tea processes numerous properties that enhance the health of people that use it: Isoflavones & Coumestans The dietary phyto-estrogen-hormone-dependant process. This is advantageous for: Regulation of menstruation cycles Prevention of breast, prostate and Uterus cancer Reduces the risk of Osteoporosis Anti-fungal properties Anti-virus properties Anticholesterolemic-lowers cholesterol levels Hypolipemic-lowers fat levels Anti-microbial Anti-oxidant Specific Luteolin is anti-spasmodic and anti-oxidant. 4-Hydroxycinnomic acid is anti-fungus and Antihepatotoxic. Xanthones Anti-inflammatory Anti-hepatotoxic – works against kidney poisoning Anti-virus Anti-diarrhea Anti-fungus Anti-oxidants Anti-depressant Flavones Vitamin-type activity (mixture of eriodictyol and hesperidien) Anti-oxidants Anti-microbial Anti-virus Anti-inflammatory Spasmolytic Diuretic (increases Urinating) Non-feeding sweeteners Kalyx: Honeybush Tea, Cut & Sifted, Certified Organic (Cyclopia intermedia), Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Honeybush Tea, Certified Organic (Cyclopia intermedia), Frontier Brand Teas, 1 lb. HerbsPro: Honeybush Tea, Kosher & Organic, African Red Tea Imports, 20 Tea Bags Per Box House of Nutrition: Honeybush Tea 0g2, African Red Tea Imports, 20 Tea Bags per Box House of Nutrition: Honeybush Hocus Pocus Tea, Miztique, 35 Tea Bags TakeHerb: Honeybush Original Tea, African Red Tea, 20 Tea Bags TakeHerb: Bushman's Brew Honeybush, Herbal Teasan, Numi, 18 Tea Bags Per Box TakeHerb: Honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia), San Francisco Herb Co,chu Leaf Extract, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Honeybush Tea, Loose Leaves, African Red Tea, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Honeybush Tea, Organic, Celebration Herbals, 24 Tea Bags TakeHerb: Honeybush Tea Organic, Frontier Bulk Teas, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Orange Honeybush Herbal Tea, Stash Tea, 18 Tea Bags TakeHerb: Green Rooibos Sweet African Red, Accented By Sweet Honeybush, Numi, 18 Tea Bags

Silver is a natural bacteria fighter.

SILVER BIOTICS SUPPLEMENT PRODUCTS Silver Biotics was tested by researchers and was found to kill every strain of bacteria that it was tested against and that these bacteria, may of which have become resistant to antibiotics, cause many human ailments. Silver Biotics is a patented Silver Supplement offering immune system support and maintaining a strong immune system. Contains purified water and purified silver 10 ppm. HerbsPro: Silver Biotics, Ultimate Immune System Support, SilverBiotics / American Biotech Lab, 8 oz. HerbsPro: Silver Biotics, Ultimate Immune System Support, SilverBiotics / American Biotech Lab, 16 oz.

Corn Silk is used to soothe the urinary tract.

CORN SILK SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS Corn Silk is used traditionally as a mild and gentle diuretic useful for urinary tract infections accompanied by frequent urination and burning. It acts as a therapeutic kidney cleanser. Cornsilk herb is often included in herbal preparations for the bladder and urinary tract. It can be taken as a tea, capsule or in tincture-extract form. For an extract, use as a dietary supplement, 1 to 2 ml 3 times a day. Take 3 capsules three times daily with water or follow package directions for use. Mountain Rose Herbs: Cornsilk, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Kidney Care (With Cornsilk), NaturalCare, 60 Caps Kalyx: Cornsilk Extract, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. Kalyx: Cornsilk Extract, Natures Answer, Alcohol Free, 1 fl. oz. Kalyx: Kidney Care, NaturalCare, 60 Caps TakeHerb: Cornsilk Powder (Zea mays), Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Cornsilk, Cut & Sifted, Frontier Bulk Herbs, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Cornsilk Tea, Organic, Celebration Herbals, 24 Tea Bags TakeHerb: Cornsilk Extract, Alcohol Free, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Cornsilk, Natures Way, Healthy Bladder & Urinary Tract, 530 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Corn Silk, Eclectic Herb, 90 VCaps

UTI PRODUCTS Pharmapacks: Chemstrip 9, Strips For Urine Testing, 100 Strips Chemstrip 9 Strips For Urine Test. Accurate urinalysis screening begins with a quality test strip. For in vitro diagnostic use. It is used for test for Glucose, Ketone, Billrubin, pH, Protein, Urobilinogenin, nitrate, leukocytes and specific gravity. These are the same urine testing strips used by your midwife or health care provider for in-office urinalysis. Pharmapacks: AZO Test Strips, UTI Home Test, Strips For Urinary Tract Infection Testing, 3 Test Strips Simply wet the test pads by holding in your urine stream for 1-2 seconds. Read test results in just 2 minutes. Match the color of the test strip pads to the color blocks on the bottle label. See insert inside for complete instructions. TakeHerb: Urinary Tract Home Scan, Testmedica Diagnostic, 2 Tests This test checks for nitrite in the urine. A positive nitrite test usually indicates a urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by bacteria that invade the urinary system and multiply, leading to an infection. TakeHerb: AZO Test Strips, Amerifit, 3 Strips Two Tests in one. More effective than nitrite-only tests and is the same UTI Test pads used by most health care providers. Azo TestStrips home UTI test can detect if you have a urinary tract infection. This information will allow you to take an active role with your health care provider in the management of your health. Use at the first sign of a UTI: urinary pain, burning, urgency, or frequency. First combination test available for home use: tests for both Leukocytes (white blood cells) and Nitrites for greater reliability. Health care providers know the combination test is better than a nitrite-only test. USING A HOME UTI TEST Before You Start the Test Gather Materials You Need: Bottle of UTI Test Strips Folded tissue Timer or watch with a second hand Pen or pencil (optional) Clean, dry cup - a urine specimen cup with a cap is helpful (optional) Read all directions carefully. Wash your genital area thoroughly with soap and water. Rinse with clear water. Remove one test strip from the bottle. Recap the bottle tightly. Check the color of both dry test pads. Compare them with the negative color blocks on the bottle label. If either pad is darker than the negative color block, discard the strip. Simply wet the test pads by holding in your urine stream for 1-2 seconds. Read both test results in just 2 minutes. Match the color of the test pads to the color blocks on the bottle label. A urine specimen cup can be used to catch the urine sample and the test strip pads can be submerged in the urine sample for 1 to 2 seconds and removed, sitting the strip on a tissue or paper towel, following the instructions for timing and reading the results. Pharmapacks: Johnson's Baby Bubble Bath & Wash, 15 fl. oz. For bubbles, pour 2-3 capfuls under running water while stirring with hands. For body wash, pour directly on washcloth. Lather and rinse.

POSTPARTUM URINATION RECOMMENDATIONS

Urination may be painful, there may be no urge, or an urge with no urination after the birth of a baby. This may be due to some trauma and bruising from the delivery. Swelling and pain in your perineal area can also compromise your body's urination abilities. There may be psychological (fear) factors that could be keeping you away from the bathroom.

It is important to urinate within 8 hours, less if you have been drinking fluids during your labor, to avoid infection. Infection can occur if your bladder gets overly full and the urine is not eliminated when it should be eliminated. If you are still having trouble urinating after a few days, you might have a urinary tract infection (UTI). If you feel pain when you are urinating even after your incisions and tears have begun to heal, if you feel the urge to urinate but only manage to evacuate small amounts, or you are running a fever, call your midwife or health care provider. Here are some helpful suggestions:

• Squirting warm water over the perineum during urination may ease the discomfort. The warm water will soothe your perineal area and will dilute the urine so you don't feel the sting when you go. When finished urinating, gently pat the perineum dry. Be sure to pat from front to back.



• Getting up and moving around can help. As soon as you can, take a walk (do not over do it). Gravity and movement help get your systems back to work.



• Drink plenty of fluids. Fluids can kick in the urge to "go" and also prevents constipation.



• Ask for privacy if you feel you have a "shy bladder" and you do not feel like the company when you are trying to perform. Ask your partner, doula, midwife or nurse to wait outside the bathroom.



• Using a bed pan is not any fun, but postdelivery weakness could leave you needing one. Try sitting on the bedpan instead of lying on it. Do not be shy about asking your midwife or nurse to warm it up for you before you use it.



• Run the tap water while you are trying. Listening to the sound of running water can really help you to let the bladder go with the flow.



• Smelling peppermint aromatherapy oil may help. (I learned this one when recovering from gallbladder surgery and the nurse brought it to me to use since I had postsurgical urine retention.)



• Counter urinary incontinence and/or to gain control over your perineal muscles: You can get your vaginal canal back in shape and regain control over urination by doing Kegel exercises. Kegels work the muscles that you use to stop and start the flow of urine. While sitting, squeeze those muscles and count to ten. Release and repeat 20 times. Do five sets a day. A good time to do it is while feeding the baby.



• Acupuncture for urinary retention may be considered.
Mrs. Lin, a 29-year-old teacher, vaginally delivered a normal baby on August 18, 2005. Five hours after delivery she was unable to urinate voluntarily, accompanied by the distension and dullness of the lower abdomen, which lasted for 18 hours. A day later she suffered from anuria, which may have been caused by the prolonged birthing process. The physical examination did not show any organic lesion. The top of the distended urinary bladder reached the level of one finger below the umbilicus. The intolerable sufferings could not be relieved by the administration of drugs. The patient did not want to be treated with urethral catheterization. As the patient was a little familiar to traditional Chinese medicine, she was willing to accept an acupuncture treatment.

Method: The patient took a lateral recumbent position. Zi Wu Dao Jiu needling was applied to the Huiyang (BL 35) acupoint. After the needling sensation was obtained, the reinforcing technique was performed by quickly and forcibly thrusting, as well as slowly and gently lifting the needle when it was thrusted downward by three steps to a deeper level together with a counter-clockwise twisting manipulation of the needle. As for the reducing maneuver, the needle was lifted upward by quickly and forcibly raising it, as well as slowly and gently thrusting, together with clockwise twisting manipulation of the needle to induce a needling sensation toward the perineal region. The needle should not be inserted too deep or it may influence the inferior gluteal artery and vein. The needle was then retained in the acupoint. Twenty minutes later, she felt a sense of urination and 800 ml of urine was spontaneously discharged. Forty-five minutes later, her pain was relieved. A follow-up visit after six months showed no sign of a relapse.

For full article by Acupuncture Today see: Treating Urinary Retention with Acupuncture: A Case Report


• Catherization with a Foley catheter is a last resort but may be necessary in some instances.

A full bladder can interfere with the midwife checking your postpartum uterine tone and can become quite painful. You should have urinated by the time she is ready to leave after the birth.

After 24 hours, there is an increase in urination as the excess body fluids from the pregnancy are excreted. If this does not occur, there may be a bladder infection. If so, antibiotic treatment will need to be started.

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URINARY RETENTION SUPPLEMENTAL PRODUCTS Supplements and information for help with urinary and fluid retention. ALFALFA SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS Alfalfa's (Medicago sativa) deep root system pulls valuable minerals from the soil. With the aid of sunlight, nutrients including beta carotene and chlorophyll are made available to the body in a usable form. Mountain Rose Herbs: Alfalfa Leaf, Powder & Sprouting Seed, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Alfalfa, Thompson Nutritional, 500 mg, 180 Tabs Kalyx: Alfalfa Sprouting Seed, Certified Organic, Starwest Botanicals, 4 oz. Kalyx: Alfalfa Mint Herbal Tea Blend, Certified Organic, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Alfalfa Leaf, Cut & Sifted, Certified Organic, Frontier Herbs, 1 lb. Kalyx: Alfalfa Juice Extract Powder, 50% Protein, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. HerbsPro: Alfalfa Leaf, Organic, Cut & Sifted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. HerbsPro: Alfalfa Leaf Powder, Organic, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. HerbsPro: Alfalfa Leaf Tea, Alvita Teas, 30 Bags HerbsPro: Alfalco Alfalfa Tonic, Boericke & Tafel, 8 fl oz. HerbsPro: Alfalfa, Organic, Natures Answer, Alcohol Free, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Alfalfa Extract, Eclectic Institute, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Alfalfa Extract, Herb Pharm, 4 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Alfafa, Single Herb, Dr. Christophers Original Formulas, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Alfalfa Herb, NOW Foods, 10 Grain, 250 Tabs TakeHerb: Alfalfa Powder, NOW Foods, 1 lb BUCHU SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS Buchu herb has traditionally been claimed to treat a wide variety of disorders, some of which include stomach complaints and urinary tract infections. Also known as the "urinary herb", it is a natural diuretic. Buchu is well known for its beneficial stimulating and soothing effects on the urinary tract system of both men and women. The active ingredient, diosphenol (or barosma camphor), is said to be a potent antiseptic and diuretic, and the herb has been especially helpful in the treatment of urinary tract infections, including prostatitis, urethritis and cystitis. Buchu has been said to reduce swelling of the prostate, soothe the lining membrane of the urethra and alleviate painful urination. It is also thought to help control bladder and kidney problems and the incontinence that is associated with prostate problems. Buchu is considered one of the best herbs for the prostate gland. Mountain Rose Herbs: Buchu Leaf, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Buchu Leaf Powder, Certified Organic (Barosma betulina), Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Buchu Leaf, Herbal Extracts Plus, 600 mg, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Buchu Leaf Extract, Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Buchu Leaf Extract, Health & Herbs, 8 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Rooibos-Buchu Tea Blend, Organic Kosher, African Red Tea Imports, 20 Bags HerbsPro: Buchu Extract, Herb Pharm, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Buchu Extract, Eclectic Institute, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Buchu Extract, Eclectic Institute, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Buchu Extract, Herb Pharm, 4 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Rooibos-Buchu Tea, Value Pack, African Red Tea, 40 Tea Bags House of Nutrition: Buchu Extract, Herb Pharm, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Buchu Leaf Extract, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Buchu Leaf Powder, Wildcrafted Barosma betulina, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Weightless Tea Original, Traditional Medicinals, 16 Tea Bags Weightless Tea helps maintain normal body weight by combining herbs traditionally used in Europe as herbal teas to support internal cleansing, purification and dieting by stimulating metabolism. It is based on traditional cleansing teas that combine fennel seed and hibiscus flower indicated for stimulation of metabolism and kidney function, to facilitate bile, urinary and stool secretion and to promote healthy digestion. This fennel / hibiscus base is enhanced by mild hydragogues (promotes discharge of water) cleavers, parsley and red clover and urinary antiseptics, uva ursi and buchu. Red clover is also considered to be an alterative, a substance that 'alters' unhealthy processes, stimulates metabolism and gradually produces beneficial changes in the body. For maximum benefit, medicinal tea must be properly prepared. Pour 8 ounces freshly boiled water over a tea bag in a cup. Cover cup and steep 10-15 minutes. These steps directly influence the amount of beneficial components that will end up in your teacup! Gently squeeze the tea bag to release any remaining extract. CORN SILK SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS Corn Silk is used traditionally as a mild and gentle diuretic useful for urinary tract infections accompanied by frequent urination and burning. It acts as a therapeutic kidney cleanser. Cornsilk herb is often included in herbal preparations for the bladder and urinary tract. It can be taken as a tea, capsule or in tincture-extract form. For an extract, use as a dietary supplement, 1 to 2 ml 3 times a day. Take 3 capsules three times daily with water or follow package directions for use. Mountain Rose Herbs: Cornsilk, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Kidney Care (With Cornsilk), NaturalCare, 60 Caps Kalyx: Cornsilk Extract, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. Kalyx: Cornsilk Extract, Natures Answer, Alcohol Free, 1 fl. oz. Kalyx: Kidney Care, NaturalCare, 60 Caps TakeHerb: Cornsilk Powder (Zea mays), Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Cornsilk, Cut & Sifted, Frontier Bulk Herbs, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Cornsilk Tea, Organic, Celebration Herbals, 24 Tea Bags TakeHerb: Cornsilk Extract, Alcohol Free, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Cornsilk, Natures Way, Healthy Bladder & Urinary Tract, 530 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Corn Silk, Eclectic Herb, 90 VCaps DANDELION PRODUCTS Dandelion root is a natural diuretic and improves appetite and minor digestive problems. Dandelion leaves are commonly recommended as a food supplement for pregnant and postmenopausal women. Dandelion tea is warm and soothing, and acts as a blood cleanser and gentle diuretic. Mountain Rose Herbs: Dandelion Root, Powder & Roasted, Certified Organic, 4 oz. to 1 lb. Bulk Herbs Mountain Rose Herbs: Dandelion Leaf, Certified Organic, 4 oz. to 1 lb. Kalyx: Dandelion Root (Taraxacum officinale), 500 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: Dandelion Root (Taraxacum officinale), 500 mg, 500 Caps Kalyx: Dandelion Root Powder, Certified Organic (Taraxacum officinale), 4 oz. Kalyx: Dandelion Leaf, Herbal Extracts Plus, 600 mg, 90 VCaps TakeHerb: Dandelion Leaf Tea Organic, Celebration Herbals, 24 Bags TakeHerb: Dandelion Root Tea, Alvita Teas, 30 Bags TakeHerb: Dandelion Extract, Eclectic Herb, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Dandelion Root Powder, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb TakeHerb: Organic Roasted Dandelion Root Tea, Traditional Medicinals, 16 Bags TakeHerb: Dandelion Root Extract, Alcohol Free, Nature's Answer, 1 oz. TakeHerb: Dandelion Root, Healthier Gall Bladder, Nature's Way, 1620 mg, 180 VCaps TakeHerb: Dandelion Root, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 Caps DIURETIC FORMULA PRODUCTS Diuretic formulas remove unwanted fluid from the body by increasing urination. Herbs often found in natural diuretic formulas include Uva Ursi to treat infections of the lower urinary tract and vaginitis. Uva Ursi is also used with good results for cystitis, dysuria, pyelitis and lithuria. Nettle is used as a diuretic, astringent and blood builder, and to treat anemia (due to its high iron content). Nettle has been applied to cuts to stop bleeding or taken in tea to reduce excessive menstrual flow, as well as to treat nosebleeds and hemorrhoids. Nettle has been used to stimulate blood circulation and as a spring tonic for chronic skin ailments. Dandelion is used as an appetite stimulant, digestive aid, and for liver and gallbladder function. Dandelion is used as a diuretic to stimulate the excretion of urine. Juniper is a diuretic and as a treatment in various conditions of the kidneys and bladder. Juniper Berries are also recommended for their carminative action in cases of indigestion and flatulence. Marshmallow has a soothing effect on inflamed and irritated tissues of the alimentary canal, and urinary and respiratory organs. Marshmallow Root eases the passage of kidney stones and is used in combination with other diuretic herbs for kidney treatments which assist in the release of gravel and stones. It works very well for urinary problems. Horsetail is used as a diuretic for the treatment of edema (swelling/fluid retention). Horsetail is also occasionally used for osteoporosis, nephrolithiasis, urinary tract inflammation, and wound healing (topical). Ginger's diuretic properties help increase the flow of urine. It protects the liver and is beneficial for hemorrhoids. Suggested dosage for extract-tinctures: 30-60 drops in water or juice 2-3 times daily or as needed. Kalyx: Diuretic I Herbal Formula With Potassium, Thompson Nutritional, 90 Caps Kalyx: Diuretic II Herbal Formula With Potassium, Thompson Nutritional, 90 Caps Kalyx: Diuretic Kb 11 Formula With Calcium, Naturade, 120 Tabs Kalyx: Super Diuretic Formula, Dr. Venessa's Formulas, 60 Tabs HerbsPro: KB-11 Herbal Diuretic, Naturade, 120 Tabs HerbsPro: KB-11 Herbal Diuretic, Naturade, 60 Tabs HerbsPro: Watershed Diuretic Formula, Absolute Nutrition, 60 Tabs House of Nutrition: Herbal Diuretic, Progressive Lab, 50 Caps House of Nutrition: Herbal Diuretic, Innage Response, 90 Tabs House of Nutrition: Herbal Diuretic, Gaia Herbs, 60 Caps TakeHerb: Kidney-Bladder Formula Extract, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Truman's Edema Tea, Health Herbs, 8 oz. TakeHerb: Diuretic Sublingual With Taraxacum, Liddell, 1 fl. oz. FLUID RETENTION OIL PRODUCTS Fluid Retention Wellness Oil - The oils in this formula are designed to accelerate the body's fluid drainage system. TakeHerb: Fluid Retention Wellness Oil Natures Inventory, 2 fl. oz. GOLDENROD PRODUCTS In Europe, Goldenrod is used in conjunction with other remedies and/or medications for the treatment of bladder infections, irritation of the urinary tract, and bladder or kidney stones. Mountain Rose Herbs: Goldenrod Herb, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Goldenrod Herb, Cut & Sifted, Certified Organic, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Goldenrod Herb Powder, Herbal Extracts Plus, 1 lb. Kalyx: Goldenrod Extract, Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Goldenrod Extract, Health & Herbs, 8 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Goldenrod Extract, Herb Pharm, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Goldenrod Extract, Eclectic Institute, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Goldenrod Extract, Herb Pharm, 4 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Goldenrod Extract, Kidney & Bladder, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Goldenrod Herb, Cut & Sifted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb.. TakeHerb: Goldenrod, Eclectic Herb,, 2 fl. oz. GRAVEL ROOT PRODUCTS Gravel root is used for kidney stones, cystitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Because it encourages the excretion of excess uric acid, it is also used to treat rheumatism and gout. Gravelroot is also called Queen of the Meadow, Kidney Root, Purple Boneset and Joe Pye Weed (after the Native American herbalist Joe Pye). It has an apple scent. A strong decoction will help relieve kidney and urinary problems. Mountain Rose Herbs: Gravel Root & Powder, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Gravel Root Powder, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Gravel Root, Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Gravel Root Powder, Herbal Extracts Plus, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Gravel Root Extract, Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Gravel Root Extract, Eclectic Institute, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Gravel Root Extract, Eclectic Institute, 1 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Gravel Root (Eupatorium purpureum), Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Queen of the Meadow Herb Powder, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Queen of the Meadow Herb, Cut & Sifted, Organic, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb.. TakeHerb: Gravel Root, For PID, Urinary Infections & Stones, Menstrual Cramps, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. KIDNEY BLADDER FORMULA TakeHerb: Kidney Bladder Formula, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. The formula includes soothing and diuretic herbs to help the kidneys and bladder. Use 6-12 drops in juice, water, under the tongue, or as desired. May be taken 3 times daily. Contains Peach Bark, Marshmallow Root, Buchu Leaf, Corn Silk, and Echinacea Root. TakeHerb: Kidney Formula, Dr. Christophers Original Formulas, 2 fl. oz. This formula is specifically for the kidneys. Approximately 80 percent of the body is liquid, and much of this fluid must be pumped, filtered, etc., through the urinary system of the individual. This particular body system takes alot of abuse because of the irritating and clogging-type materials, i.e., tea, coffee, soft drinks, hard water, alcohol, etc., that pass through it everyday. Over the years we have used this formula of herbs with people who have been concerned to be out in public because of a lack of control over the urinary tract, specifically the bladder. After using this formula, many people have found relief from this condition and are living normal lives again. Juniper Berry, Parsely root, Marshmallow root, Goldenseal root, Uva Ursi leaf, Lovelia herb & Ginger Root. TakeHerb: Bladdex Extractm Alcohol Free, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. Bladdex is an herbal formulation to support the kidneys and urinary systems. As a dietary supplement 1-2ml (approx. 28-56 drops), two to three times a day. 2,000 mg of Extract of Oregon Grape root (1:1), Couch grass rhizome (1:1), Uva Ursi leaf (1:1), Juniper berry (1:1), Marshmallow root (1:1), Buchu leaf (1:1) 2,000mg. KIDNEY FORMULA TakeHerb: Kidney Clean, Balanceuticals, 60 Caps Traditional Chinese medicine uses their special cleansing properties to promote blood circulation, dissolve stasis and accelerate rejection of waste and toxins from kidney and urinary tract. TakeHerb: Kidney Formula Supports Proper Function of the Kidneys & Adrenals, Banyan Botanicals, 90 Tabs Kidney Formula is a rejuvenating tonic for the kidneys and adrenals. It promotes healthy urinary flow and composition, assisting in the natural cleansing of the blood. This energizing combination of herbs aids in the dissolution and elimination of urinary stones, as well as decreasing the risk factors involved in their formation. TakeHerb: Leak Control, Incontinence Treatment, TCM Formula, Health King, 500 mg, 60 Caps A formulation of Chinese herbs used to strengthen the urinary muscles and enhance urine withholding power providing help for those suffering from incontinence. MARSHMALLOW The primary use of Marshmallow root is to relieve digestive and respiratory problems, such as coughs, colds, sore throats and asthma. Marshmallow root, as well as of each of the below mentioned plants described as substitutes, is demulcent and diuretic, and may be used indiscriminately, the one for the other. They will be found valuable, in the form of decoction, in diseases of the mucous tissues, as hoarseness, catarrh, pneumonia, gonorrhea, vesical catarrh, renal irritation, acute dysentery, and diarrhea. In strangury, inflammation of the bladder, hematuria, retention of urine, some forms of gravel, and indeed in nearly every affection of the kidney and bladder, their use will be found advantageous. Much use is made of them combined with equal parts of spearmint, in urinary derangements. Usage: 1 teaspoon. 2 to 3 times a day depending on condition. Mountain Rose Herbs: Marshmallow Leaf, Root & Powder, Certified Organic, 4 oz to 1 lb. Kalyx: Marshmallow Root, Cut & Sifted, Certified Organic, Frontier Bulk Herbs, 1 lb. Kalyx: Marshmallow Root Powder, Certified Organic, 1 lb. HerbsPro: Marshmallow, Organic, Natures Way, 500 mg, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: Marshmallow Root, Natures Way, 455 mg, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Organic Marshmallow Root, Cut & Sifted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. HerbsPro: Marshmallow Root Extract, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Marshmallow Root Extract, Alcohol Free, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Marshmallow Root Extract, Eclectic Institute, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Marshmallow Root Extract, 4 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Marshmallow Extract, Herb Pharm, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Marshmallow Root Powder, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Marshmallow Leaf, Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. PARSLEY Parsley leaf herb is a chlorophyl-rich member of the carrot family. Most fine restaurants offer parsley as a garnish and breath freshener, a custom borrowed from the ancient Romans. Mountain Rose Herbs: Parsley, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Parsley Leaf Flakes, Certified Organic, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Parsley Leaf Powder, Kalyx, 1 kg. (2.2 lbs.) Kalyx: Parsley Herb Extract, Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Parsley Herb Extract, Health & Herbs, 8 fl. oz. QUEEN OF THE MEADOW Queen of the Meadow (Eupatorium purpureum), also called Gravel root, Kidney root, Purple boneset and Joe Pye Weed after the Native American herbalist Joe Pye, has an apple scent. Infuse the dried root and flowers for a diuretic tea to relieve kidney and urinary problems. The tea is also used to induce sweating and break a high fever. Also useful for rheumatism, gravel (gallstones), and dropsy (fluid retention). Mountain Rose Herbs: Gravel Root & Powder, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Gravel Root Powder, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Gravel Root, Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Gravel Root Powder, Herbal Extracts Plus, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Gravel Root Extract, Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Gravel Root Extract, Eclectic Institute, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Gravel Root Extract, Eclectic Institute, 1 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Gravel Root (Eupatorium purpureum), Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Queen of the Meadow Herb Powder, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Queen of the Meadow Herb, Cut & Sifted, Organic, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb.. TakeHerb: Gravel Root, For PID, Urinary Infections & Stones, Menstrual Cramps, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. UVA URSI Uva Ursi, also known as Bearberry, has a specific affinity for the genito-urinary organs, especially for urinary tract infections, cystitis, nephritis, urethritis, pyelitis, hematuria (bloody urine), yeast infections, vulvitis. Uva Ursi leaves were officially a drug for urinary antiseptic in the United State Pharmacopoeia (U.S.P.) and the National Formulary N.F. from 1820 until 1950. Mountain Rose Herbs: Uva Ursi, Certified Organic & Wildcrafted Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Uva Ursi, Natures Way, 480 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: Uva Ursi Extract, Natures Way, Standardized, 60 Caps Kalyx: Uva Ursi 4:1, Herbal Extracts Plus, 600 mg, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Uva Ursi Extract (Arctostaphylos uva ursi), Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Uva Ursi Extract, Health & Herbs, 8 fl. oz. Kalyx: Uva Ursi Leaf, Cut & Sifted, Organic, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Uva Ursi Leaf Powder, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Extract, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Extract, Natures Answer, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Extract, Herb Pharm, 4 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Extract, Natures Way, 60 Caps HerbsPro: Uva Ursi, Natures Way, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Uva Ursi, Now Foods, 500 mg, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Uva Ursi Leaf, 100% Fresh Freeze Dried, Wildcrafted, Eclectic Institute, 350 mg, 90 Caps House of Nutrition: Uva Ursi Leaf Extract, Gaia Herb, 4 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Uva-Ursi Extract, Herb Pharms, 8 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Uva Ursi, Solaray, 500 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Uva Ursi Leaf Powder, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Uva Ursi Leaf, Wildcrafted, Cut & Sifted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Uva Ursi Extract, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Uva Ursi, Now Foods, 500 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Uva Ursi Leaf, Natures Herbs, 100 Caps WILD CARROT Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) Also known as Queen Anne's Lace. The seeds are a beneficial antiseptic diuretic useful in the treatment of cystitis and prostatitis. Also, the seeds are used for the prevention and washing out of gravel and urinary stones. As a diuretic, it helps with dropsy and the elimination of uric acid from the body (thus, used for gout). TakeHerb: Wild Carrot Extract, Water Retention, Edema, Urinary Tract Disorders, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz.

MoonDragon's Pregnancy Information: Postpartum Care - Elimination (Urinary & Bowel)

MoonDragon's ObGyn Womens Health Disorders: Stress Incontinence

MoonDragon's ObGyn Womens Health Disorders: Urge Incontinence

MoonDragon's ObGyn Womens Health Procedures: Cystoscopy

MoonDragon's Postpartum Care Index

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NOTIFY YOUR MIDWIFE OR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...

You have had a a UTI that required antibiotic treatment.

You or a family member has symptoms of a urinary tract infection.

Symptoms do not disappear following the first 2 days of treatment.

Symptoms worsen with home therapy or do not improve within 24 hours.

At any time any of the following apply:

• Chills and/or Fever over 101°F or 39°C.
• Lower back or flank pain, just below the rib cage.
• Blood or pus in the urine.
• Unusual vaginal discharge.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• You are pregnant.
• You have diabetes mellitus.
• You have any heart or lung problems.
• You have a history of kidney stones, kidney infections or urologic surgery.
• Your last UTI was within the past 8 weeks.
• You have had more than three UTIs in the last year.
• You have gone through menopause.

You have not had a follow-up urine test to be sure the infection is eradicated.

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MoonDragon's Birthing Guidelines: UTI Management

MoonDragon's ObGyn Womens Health Information: Cystitis

MoonDragon's ObGyn Womens Health Information: Urethritis

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Kidney Disorders

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PREGNANCY RELATED LINKS

MoonDragon's Pregnancy Information: Pregnancy Information & Survival Tips

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MoonDragon's Nutrition Information Index

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