DESCRIPTION

Drug dependence is a compulsive and destructive use of mood altering and perception-altering substances despite adverse medical, psychological and social consequences. These substances can affect the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, and blood. Some abused drugs are legal substances such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, amphetamines and pain-killers. Illegal substances include marijuana, cocaine, crack, heroin, LSD, PCP (angel dust), and volatile substances, such as glue, solvents and paints.

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Teratogens List

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Drug Addiction (Substance Abuse)

In pregnancy, the continued use of these substances can cause mild to major problems for the mother and for the unborn child.

STATISTICS ON DRUG USE DURING PREGNANCY

More than 5 percent of the 4 million women who gave birth in the United States in 1992 used illegal drugs while they were pregnant, according to the first nationally representative survey of drug use among pregnant women. The NIDA-sponsored survey provides the best estimates to date of the number of women who use drugs during pregnancy, their demographic characteristics, and their patterns of drug use. Information from NIDA's National Pregnancy and Health Survey can help to guide public health policymakers who have to make decisions about prevention and treatment programs aimed at reducing the problem of drug abuse during pregnancy, said NIDA Director Dr. Alan I. Leshner.

Dr. Leshner reported the survey's findings at a press briefing held during NIDA's conference on Drug Addiction Research and the Health of Women. The survey gathered self-report data from a national sample of 2,613 women who delivered babies in 52 urban and rural hospitals during 1992. Based on these data, an estimated 221,000 women who gave birth in 1992 used illicit drugs while they were pregnant.

Marijuana and cocaine were the most frequently used illicit drugs 2.9 percent, or 119,000 women, used marijuana and another 1.1 percent, or 45,000 women, used cocaine at some time during their pregnancy. The survey found that an estimated 113,000 white women, 75,000 African-American women, and 28,000 Hispanic women used illicit drugs during pregnancy.

The survey found a high incidence of cigarette and alcohol use among pregnant women. At some point during their pregnancy, 20.4 percent, or 820,000, pregnant women smoked cigarettes and 18.8 percent, or 757,000, drank alcohol.

Practitioners know for certain that these "legal" substances affect the health of the fetus and a woman during and after pregnancy, said Dr. Loretta D. Finnegan, NIDA's former senior advisor on women's issues. Health care practitioners should ask women about their use of cigarettes and alcohol during prenatal checkups and educate them about the health risks of licit drugs, said Dr. Finnegan, who now directs the Women's Health Initiative at the National Institutes of Health.

The survey also uncovered a strong link between cigarette smoking and alcohol use and the use of illicit drugs in this population. Among those women who used both cigarettes and alcohol, 20.4 percent also used marijuana and 9.5 percent took cocaine. Conversely, of those women who said they had not used cigarettes or alcohol, only 0.2 percent smoked marijuana and 0.1 percent used cocaine. This finding reinforces the need for health practitioners to monitor the status of both licit and illicit drug use during pregnancy, said Dr. Leshner.

Besides providing the first national estimates of drug use during pregnancy, the survey also examined differences in the amount and types of drugs used by several racial and ethnic groups of women. Overall, 11.3 percent of African-American women, 4.4 percent of white women, and 4.5 percent of Hispanic women used illicit drugs while pregnant. While African Americans had higher rates of drug use, in terms of actual numbers of users, most women who took drugs while they were pregnant were white. The survey found that an estimated 113,000 white women, 75,000 African-American women, and 28,000 Hispanic women used illicit drugs during pregnancy.

The survey also described different patterns of licit and illicit drug use among white women and ethnic minorities. African-American women had the highest rates of cocaine use, mainly crack, during pregnancy. About 4.5 percent of African-American women used cocaine compared with 0.4 percent of white women and 0.7 percent of Hispanic women who did so. White women had the highest rates of alcohol and cigarette use. Nearly 23 percent of white women drank alcohol and 24.4 percent smoked cigarettes. By comparison, 15.8 percent of African-American women and 8.7 percent of Hispanic women drank alcohol and 19.8 percent of African-American women and 5.8 percent of Hispanic women smoked cigarettes. These findings point to the importance of attending to cultural issues in drug abuse prevention and treatment efforts, said Dr. Finnegan.

Although women who used drugs during pregnancy generally decreased their rates of drug use throughout their pregnancy, they did not discontinue drug use, Dr. Leshner noted. This finding indicates how gripping an illness drug addiction can be, even in the face of what may seem to be the ultimate incentive to stay drug free, Dr. Leshner said. Nevertheless, it is a disease that can be treated and managed with appropriate interventions, he stressed.

With the information the survey provides about the patterns of drug use by women during pregnancy, practitioners will be better able to identify priorities we must address, said Dr. Finnegan. This will enable researchers to develop and test more effective approaches to the differential drug abuse treatment and prevention needs of women of childbearing age, she concluded.

Information obtained from Figures and Data ON Drug Use During Pregnancy by Robert Mathias, NIDA - The National Institute on Drug Abuse

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FREQUENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Signs and symptoms depend on the substance of abuse. Most produce:

• A temporary, pleasant mood.


• Relief from anxiety.


• False feelings of self-confidence.


• Increased sensitivity to sight and sounds (including hallucinations).


• Altered activity levels (such as stupor and sleep-like states or hyperactivity).


• Unpleasant or painful symptoms when the abused substance is withdrawn.

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CAUSES

Substances of abuse may produce addiction (a physiological need) or dependence (a psychological need). Some people seem to be more susceptible to dependency than others.

People take drugs for many reasons: peer pressure, relief of stress, increased energy, to relax, to relieve pain, to escape reality, to feel more self-esteem, and for recreation. They may take stimulants to keep alert, or cocaine for the feeling of excitement it produces. Athletes and bodybuilders may take anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass.

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RISK INCREASES WITH

Women can have special risk factors for drug abuse. Women can become addicted quickly to certain drugs, such as crack cocaine. Therefore, by the time they seek help, their addiction may be difficult to treat. Women who use drugs often suffer from other serious health problems, sexually transmitted diseases, and mental health problems, such as depression. Many women who use drugs have had troubled lives. Studies have found that at least 70 percent of women drug users have been sexually abused by the age of sixteen. Most of these women had at least one parent who abused alcohol or drugs. Women who use drugs tend to have low self-esteem, little self-confidence, and feel powerless. They often feel lonely and are isolated from support networks. Women from certain cultural backgrounds or who have difficulty with the English language may not know how to find help for their addiction.

Drug use is a serious health problem for many reasons. Women who use drugs risk becoming infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The virus can be spread through needles used to inject drugs. Therefore, women who inject drugs and share needles are especially at risk. The AIDS virus is also spread through sexual contact; women who have sex with men who inject drugs are at great risk. Today, almost 70 percent of AIDS cases in women are related to either injecting drugs or having sex with a man who injects drugs. AIDS is now the fourth leading cause of death among women.

A mother who uses drugs risks her life and her baby's. When a pregnant woman uses drugs, she and her unborn child face serious health problems. During pregnancy, the drugs used by the mother can enter the baby's bloodstream. The most serious effects on the baby can be HIV infection, AIDS, prematurity, low birth weight, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, small head size, stunted growth, poor motor skills, and behavior problems. A mother's continuing drug use puts her children at risk for neglect, physical abuse, and malnutrition. However, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) research shows that care and treatment for the pregnant drug abuser can reduce many of the negative effects on the baby.

RISK FACTORS FOR DRUG ADDICTION & DEPENDENCY

The type, frequency and the method of use of certain drugs, e.g., cocaine. Different drugs have different dependency/addiction risks.

Illness requiring prescription pain relievers or tranquilizers.

Family history of drug abuse.

Genetic factors (possibly). Some persons may be more susceptible to addiction.

Excess alcohol consumption.

Fatigue or overwork.

Poverty.

Psychological problems, including depression, dependency or poor self-esteem.

Peer pressure.

HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG ABUSE
MOTHER Poor Nutrition High Blood Pressure Rapid Heart Beat Low Weight Gain Low Self Esteem Pre-term Labor Sexually Transmitted Disease Early Delivery HIV/AIDS Depression Physical Abuse	BABY Prematurity Low Birth Weight Infections Small Head Size Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Birth Defects Stunted Growth Poor Motor Skills HIV/AIDS Learning Disabilities Neurological Problems

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PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Do not socialize with persons who use and abuse drugs.

Seek counseling for mental health problems, such as depression or chronic anxiety, before they lead to drug problems.

Develop wholesome interests and leisure activities.

After surgery, illness or injury, discontinue the use of prescription pain relievers and tranquilizers as soon as possible. Do not use more than you need.

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EXPECTED OUTCOME

Strong motivation, good medical care and support from family and friends offer the best chance for improved maternal and infant outcome.

Drug use and abuse by a pregnant woman may be considered "high risk" and would not usually be suitable for a homebirth due to the possibility of severe complications associated with both the mother and the baby.

ILLEGAL DRUG USE AND PREGNANCY

Pregnant women who use drugs such as heroin, cocaine, marijuana, PCP, methadone, and/or amphetamines may give birth to drug-addicted babies. Many of these babies experience withdrawal symptoms known as neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Symptoms of NAS may include:

• Tremors.


• Increased sensitivity to noise or other stimuli.


• Feeding problems.


• Poor coordination.


• Excessive crying and/or irritability.

THE RISKS - ILLEGAL DRUG USE DURING PREGNANCY

The effects of illegal drugs, such as cocaine, can be devastating on a fetus. Unfortunately, many women of childbearing age in the US use some form of illegal drug.

A mother taking illegal drugs during pregnancy increases her risk for anemia, blood and heart infections, skin infections, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases. She also is at greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases. Almost every drug passes from the mother's bloodstream through the placenta to the fetus. Illicit substances that cause drug dependence and addiction in the mother also cause the fetus to become addicted.

A laboratory test, called a chromatography, performed on a woman's urine can detect many illegal drugs, including marijuana and cocaine. Both marijuana and cocaine, as well as other illegal drugs, can cross the placenta. Marijuana use during pregnancy may be linked to behavioral problems in the baby. Cocaine use can lead to premature delivery of the fetus, premature detachment of the placenta, high blood pressure, stillbirth. Infants born to cocaine-using mothers may have an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The effects of cocaine on the fetus may include, but is not limited to, the following:

• Growth defects.


• Intestinal abnormalities.


• Hyperactivity.


• Uncontrollable trembling.


• Learning problems.

Heroin and other opiates, including methadone, can cause significant withdrawal in the baby, with some symptoms lasting as long as four to six months. Seizures may also occur and are more likely in babies born to methadone users.

If a woman stops taking illegal drugs during her first trimester, she increases her chances of having a healthy baby.

SEEKING TREATMENT FOR DRUG PROBLEMS

Many women with drug problems are afraid to seek treatment. Studies have found that more than 4 million women need treatment for drug abuse. Unfortunately, there are many important reasons why women do not seek help. Some women may not be able to find child care. Or they fear that the authorities may take away their children. Some women fear they will be punished if they admit their drug addiction. Many women fear violence from their husbands, boyfriends, or partners. Friends and family can help relieve these fears for the woman who uses drugs. They can support her by helping her find good drug abuse treatment and by providing child care and transportation. Women can get help for their drug addiction.

It is hard to beat drug addiction. But the woman who uses drugs can get better with the right kind of treatment - even if she has tried to quit before and failed. Treatment is available, often close to home. The first step is to find out what kind of treatment a woman needs and where she can get it. For a referral to a local treatment program, call the free National Drug Information Treatment and Referral Line, at 1-800-662-HELP or 1-800-66-AYUDA. Women who get treatment can rebuild their lives.

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POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS

MATERNAL:

Sexually transmitted diseases, which are more frequent among addicts.

Severe infections, such as endocarditis (infection of the heart).

Hepatitis, HIV or blood poisoning from intravenous injections with non-sterile needles.

Malnutrition caused by poor appetite.

Accidental injury to oneself or others while in a drug-induced state.

Loss of job or family.

Irreversible damage to body organs.

Death caused by overdose.

PREGNANCY:

Preeclampsia-Eclampsia (Toxemia of Pregnancy).

Abruptio placenta.

Premature rupture of membranes.

• Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)


• Pre-labor Rupture of Membranes, Pre-Term Guidelines


• Pre-labor Rupture of Membranes At Term Guidelines


• Prolonged Rupture of Membranes Guidelines


• Newborn Care For Prolonged (PROROM) or Premature (PROM) Rupture of Membranes

Pre-term delivery.

• Pre-term Labor: How To Avoid It
• Premature Labor & Premature Birth

FOR THE FETUS OR NEWBORN:

Intrauterine growth retardation.

Congenital abnormalities (birth defects)

Medical problems in a newborn, including withdrawal syndromes to the drug, death of the fetus, stillbirth or infant death shortly after birth.

TREATMENT

According to standard medial protocol, drug addiction during pregnancy has been managed in two ways: the detoxification program and the methadone-maintenance treatment program. In the detoxification program, there have been few complications for the mother and child except for low birth weight, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and an increase in breech presentation. The methadone-maintenance treatment program at this time is the most satisfactory approach to the treatment of heroin addiction. The complications of pregnancy in this program are similar to those of the average obstetric population. Low birth weight at term is still frequent for those on methadone maintenance. The problem of multiple drug abuse, including heroin, cocaine, alcohol, tranquilizers, and amphetamines, requires more attention. The characteristics of the withdrawal syndrome and its treatment in infants are described. Excessive weight loss and irritability are common in these infants. Of the many drugs available for the treatment of the newborn withdrawal syndrome, diazepam is currently favored. The long-term effects of intrauterine drug exposure, the withdrawal syndrome, and treatment are generally unknown. Schedules for management of adult narcotic, alcohol, and barbiturate abuse and newborn narcotic withdrawal are suggested.

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TYPES OF ABUSED SUBSTANCES

There are many levels of substance abuse and many kinds of drugs, some of them readily accepted by society.

LEGAL DRUG SUBSTANCES: Legal substances, approved by law for sale over the counter or by a health provider's prescription, include caffeine, alcoholic beverages (see alcoholism), nicotine (see smoking), and inhalants (nail polish, glue, inhalers, gasoline). Prescription drugs such as tranquilizers, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, steroids, and analgesics can be knowingly or unknowingly over prescribed or otherwise used improperly. In many cases, new drugs prescribed in good conscience by health care providers turn out to be a problem later. For example, diazepam (Valium) was widely prescribed in the 1960s and 70s before its potential for serious addiction was realized. In the 1990s, sales of fluoxetine (Prozac) helped create a $3 billion antidepressant market in the United States, leading many people to criticize what they saw as the creation of a legal drug culture that discouraged people from learning other ways to deal with their problems. Prescription drugs are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration.

ILLEGAL DRUG SUBSTANCES: Prescription drugs are considered illegal when diverted from proper use. Some people shop until they find a health care provider who freely writes prescriptions; supplies are sometimes stolen from laboratories, clinics, or hospitals. Morphine, a strictly controlled opiate, and synthetic opiates, such as fentanyl, are most often abused by people in the medical professions, who have easier access to these drugs. Other illegal substances include cocaine and crack, marijuana and hashish, heroin, hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD, PCP (phencycline or "angel dust"), "designer drugs" such as MDMA (Ecstasy), and "party drugs" such as GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate).

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GENERAL MEASURES

Acknowledge that you have a problem and seek professional help.

Advise your midwife or health care provider about what drugs are used, frequency of use, how the drug was administered, when it was last used, any history of withdrawals or overdose. NOTE: Please be honest with your midwife or health care provider. Withholding information about drug usage and frequency can cause problems with you and your baby during your pregnancy and at the time of your delivery. Setting up proper prenatal care guidelines and preparations must be made accordingly to provide the best of care for you and your baby.

Appropriate laboratory tests will be obtained and prenatal tests will be performed to determine fetal well-being.

Be open and honest with your family and close friends, as ask for their help. Avoid friends who tempt you to resume your habit.

Treatment will involve a coordination of medical, social, nutritional and psychological help with long-term follow-up.

Depending on the specific drug(s) of abuse, outpatient or inpatient withdrawal treatment may be indicated.

Join self-help groups.

EFFECTS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE: The effects of substance abuse can be felt on many levels: on the individual, on friends and family, and on society.

On the Individual: People who use drugs experience a wide array of physical effects other than those expected. The excitement of a cocaine high, for instance, is followed by a "crash": a period of anxiety, fatigue, depression, and an acute desire for more cocaine to alleviate the feelings of the crash. Marijuana and alcohol interfere with motor control and are factors in many automobile accidents. Users of marijuana and hallucinogenic drugs may experience flashbacks, unwanted recurrences of the drug's effects weeks or months after use. Sudden abstinence from certain drugs results in withdrawal symptoms. For example, heroin withdrawal can cause vomiting, muscle cramps, convulsions, and delirium. With the continued use of a physically addictive drug, tolerance develops; i.e., constantly increasing amounts of the drug are needed to duplicate the initial effect. Sharing hypodermic needles used to inject some drugs dramatically increases the risk of contracting AIDS and some types of hepatitis. In addition, increased sexual activity among drug users, both in prostitution and from the disinhibiting effect of some drugs, also puts them at a higher risk of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Because the purity and dosage of illegal drugs are uncontrolled, drug overdose is a constant risk. There are over 10,000 deaths directly attributable to drug use in the United States every year; the substances most frequently involved are cocaine, heroin, and morphine, often combined with alcohol or other drugs. Many drug users engage in criminal activity, such as burglary and prostitution, to raise the money to buy drugs, and some drugs, especially alcohol, are associated with violent behavior.

Effects on the Family: The user's preoccupation with the substance, plus its effects on mood and performance, can lead to marital problems and poor work performance or dismissal. Drug use can disrupt family life and create destructive patterns of co-dependency, that is, the spouse or whole family, out of love or fear of consequences, inadvertently enables the user to continue using drugs by covering up, supplying money, or denying there is a problem. Pregnant drug users, because of the drugs themselves or poor self-care in general, bear a much higher rate of low birth-weight babies than the average. Many drugs (e.g., crack and heroin) cross the placental barrier, resulting in addicted babies who go through withdrawal soon after birth, and fetal alcohol syndrome can affect children of mothers who consume alcohol during pregnancy. Pregnant women who acquire the AIDS virus through intravenous drug use pass the virus to their infant.

Effects on Society: Drug abuse affects society in many ways. In the workplace it is costly in terms of lost work time and inefficiency. Drug users are more likely than nonusers to have occupational accidents, endangering themselves and those around them. Over half of the highway deaths in the United States involve alcohol. Drug-related crime can disrupt neighborhoods due to violence among drug dealers, threats to residents, and the crimes of the addicts themselves. In some neighborhoods, younger children are recruited as lookouts and helpers because of the lighter sentences given to juvenile offenders, and guns have become commonplace among children and adolescents. The great majority of homeless people have either a drug or alcohol problem or a mental illness, many have all three.

The federal government budgeted $17.9 billion on drug control in 1999 for interdiction, prosecution, international law enforcement, prisons, treatment, prevention, and related items. In 1998, drug-related health care costs in the United States came to more than $9.9 billion.

Additional information is available from:

Cocaine Abuse Hotline
1 (800) COCAINE


Do It Now Foundation
6423 S. Ash Ave.
Tempe, AZ 85283
(602) 257-0797


Drug Abuse Clearinghouse
11426 Rockville Pike, Suite 200
Rockville, MD 20852
(301) 443-6500

FURTHER INFORMATION & EDUCATION

Crack Mothers: Pregnancy, Drugs, and the Media - Beginning in the late 1980s, the crack mother scare led to an unprecedented alliance between doctors and prosecutors, where health care providers turned in addicted low-income minority pregnant women to the police for arrest, trial, and incarceration. While middle class white women weren't treated in the same manner. The instant addiction of crack cocaine and its threat to the health of women and infants were exaggerated by the media and used to justify harsher social agendas regarding women and minorities. The book is a well-researched examination of the severe treatment of addicted low-income minority pregnant women. An issue that has not gone away.

Crack Mothers

Pregnant Women on Drugs: Combating Stereotypes and Stigma - A book that tries to fight stereotypes of pregnant drug users as selfish and unfeeling women who don't care about their baby. It shows the extent to which many drug-using women develop the motivation to achieve their dual goals of improving their children's health and maintaining maternal custody.

Pregnant Women on Drugs

The Nature of Nurture: Biology, Environment, and the Drug-Exposed Child - Explores the biological and environmental factors that impact the ultimate development of drug-exposed children and presents practical strategies for helping children reach their full potential at home and in the classroom. The health consequences for children exposed to alcohol, cocaine, and other drugs are enormous, but the implications for behavior and learning are even greater.

The Nature of Nurture

When the Bough Breaks: Pregnancy and the Legacy of Addiction - This is a remarkable book! It deals with the problem of pregnancy and addiction in a genuinely unique way, combining poems and photographs to bring home the gravity of the issue and the way it impacts on so many women's lives.

When the Bough Breaks

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MEDICATION

Methadone for narcotic abuse. This drug is a less potent narcotic used to decrease the severity of physical withdrawal symptoms. It can have undesirable side effects on the fetus.

After delivery, you baby may need to be treated for drug withdrawal and/or birth defect problems (which may include surgery, such as in the case of congenital heart defects).

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ACTIVITY

Regular daily exercise is recommended and will help get you in the best physical condition for delivery. Any exercise program will need to be reviewed with your midwife or health care provider.

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DIET

Eat a normal, well-balanced diet high in protein. Vitamin supplements may be necessary if you suffer from malnutrition.

Many drug users suffer from malnutrition. Because drugs rob the body of necessary nutrients, those addicted to drugs need to take high doses of supplemental nutrients.

SUBSTANCES THAT ROB THE BODY OF NUTRIENTS Different substances deplete the body of different nutrients. Use the list below to determine which supplements you may need as a result of the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs, including alcohol and caffeine.
SUBSTANCE	DEPLETED NUTRIENTS
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)	Iron.
Antacids	B complex vitamins; calcium; phosphate; vitamins A and D.
Antibiotics, general (see also isoniazid, penicillin, sulfa drugs, and thimethoprim)	B complex vitamins; vitamin K; "friendly bacteria".
Antihistamines	Vitamin C.
Aspirin	B complex vitamins; calcium; folic acid; iron; potassium; vitamins A and C.
Barbiturates	Vitamin C.
Beta-blockers (Corgard, Inderal, Lopressor, and others)	Choline; chromium; pantothenic acid (vitamin B-5).
Caffeine	Biotin; inositol; potassium; vitamin B-1 (thiamine); zinc.
Carbamazenpine (Atretol, Tegretol)	Dilutes blood solution.
Chlorothiazide (Aldoclor, Diuril, and others)	Magnesium; potassium.
Cimetidine (Tagamet)	Iron.
Clonidine (Catapres, Combipres)	B complex vitamins; calcium.
Corticosteroids, general (see also prednisone)	Calcium; potassium; vitamins A; B-6, C, and D; zinc.
Digitalis preparations (Crystodigin, Digoxin, and others)	Vitamins B-1 (thiamine) and B-6 (pyridoxine); zinc.
Diuretics, general (see also chlorothiazide, spironolactone, thiazide diuretics, and triamterene)	Calcium; iodine; magnesium; potassium; vitamins B-2 (riboflavin) and C; zinc.
Estrogen preparations	Folic acid; vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine).
Ethanol (alcohol)	B complex vitamins; magnesium; vitamins C, D, E, and K.
Fluoride	Vitamin C.
Glutethimide (Doriden)	Folic acid; vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine).
Hydralazine (Apresazide, Apresoline, and others)	Vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine).
Indomethacin (Indocin)	Iron.
Isoniazid (INH and others)	Vitamins B-3 (niacin) and B-6 (pyridoxine).
Laxatives (excluding herbs)	Potassium; vitamins A and K.
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)	Calcium; potassium.
Nitrate/Nitrite coronary vasodilators	Niacin; pangamic acid, selenium; vitamins C and E.
Oral contraceptives	B complex vitamins; vitamin C, D, and E.
Penicillin preparations	Vitamin B-3 (niacin); niacinamide; vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine).
Phenobarbitol preparations	Folic acid; vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine); vitamin B-12; vitamins D and K.
Phenylbutazone	Folic acid; iodine.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)	Calcium; folic acid; vitamins B-12, C, D, and K.
Prednisone (Deltasone and others)	Potassium; vitamins B-6 and C; zinc.
Quinidine preparations	Choline; pantothenic acid (vitamin B-5); potassium; vitamin K.
Reserpine preparations	Phenylalanine; potassium; vitamins B-2 (riboflavin) and B-6 (pyridoxine).
Spironolactone (Aldactone and others)	Calcium; folic acid.
Sulfa drugs	Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA); "friendly" bacteria.
Synthetic neurotransmitters	Magnesium; potassium; vitamin B-2 (riboflavin) and B-6 (pyridoxine).
Tobacco	Vitamins A, C, and E.
Thiazide diuretics	Magnesium; potassium; vitamin B-2- (riboflavin); zinc.
Triamterene (Dyrenium)	Calcium; folic acid.
Trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra, and others)	Folic acid.

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HOLISTIC RECOMMENDATIONS

Eat a nutrient-dense, well-balanced diet that includes vegetables, fruits, grains, seeds, and nuts. Eat quality protein from vegetable sources. Increase your intake of fresh raw foods.

Add high-protein drinks to the diet.

SOY PROTEIN PRODUCTS Kalyx: Soy Protein Powder (Glycine max; Dan Dou), Kalyx, 1 kg (2.2 lbs.) HerbsPro: 100% Soy Protein, Naturade, Fat-Free, Natural Flavor, 32 oz. HerbsPro: Soy Protein Isoate, Non-GMO, Now Foods, 2 lb. House of Nutrition: 100% Soy Protein, Optimum, Vanilla Bean, 2 lbs. House of Nutrition: 100% Soy Protein, Optimum, Dutch Chocolate, 2 lbs. House of Nutrition: 100% Soy Protein, Optimum, Strawberry Smoothie, 2 lbs. House of Nutrition: Super Earth Soy Protein, BlueBonnet, Natural Chocolate Truffle Flavor Powder, 2.2 lbs. House of Nutrition: Super Earth Soy Protein, BlueBonnet, Toasted French Vanilla Flavor Powder, 2.2 lbs.

Avoid heavily processed foods, all forms of sugar, and junk food. These foods are a quick source of energy, but are followed by a low feeling that may increase cravings for drugs.

Drink at least 2 quarts of quality water every day to keep well hydrated.

Fasting is beneficial. Follow the instructions. NOTE: Do not fast during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

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HERBS

NOTE: Consult with your midwife or health care provider before using any herbal or nutritional supplement while pregnant or breastfeeding your baby. Information given below is a general information for drug use recovery and does not necessarily take into account that you may be pregnant or lactating.

Siberian Ginseng helps those experiencing cocaine withdrawal. Caution: Do not use this herb if you have hypoglycemia, high-blood pressure, or a heart disorder.

SIBERIAN ELEUTHERO GINSENG PRODUCTS Siberian Ginseng, also known as Eleuthero helps bronchial disorders and boosts energy. Caution: Do not use this herb if you have hypoglycemia, high blood pressure, or a heart disorder. Siberian Ginseng strengthens the adrenal and reproductive glands. It enhances immune function, helps prevent infection, promotes lung functioning and stimulates the appetite. It useful for bronchitis, circulatory problems, diabetes, infertility, lack of energy, and stress. There is some evidence that it can help ease withdrawal from cocaine, and help improve drug or alcohol induced liver dysfunction in older adults. Siberian Ginseng protects the body against the effects of radiation exposure. It is used by athletes for overall body strengthening. Siberian Ginseng is most effective in the treatment of prolonged exhaustion and debility, resulting from overwork and long-term stress. As a decoction take 35 ml of Siberian Ginseng 2 times a day for use as a general tonic. To take in tincture form, use 1/2 teaspoon with water 3 times a day. For other forms, read follow product label directions. Mountain Rose Herbs: Eleuthero Root, Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Eleuthero Root Powder (Eleutherococcus senticosus; Siberian Ginseng), Certified Organic, Frontier Chinese Herbs, 1 lb Kalyx: Eleuthero Root (Eleutherococcus senticosus; Siberian Ginseng), Cut & Sifted, Certified Organic, Frontier Chinese Herbs, 1 lb Kalyx: Eleuthero Root Extract, Starwest Botanicals, Certified Organic, 1 fl. oz. Kalyx: Eleuthero Root Extract, Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Eleuthero Root Extract, Starwest Botanicals, Certified Organic, 4 fl. oz. Kalyx: Eleuthero Root Extract, Health & Herbs, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Siberian Eleuthero Tea, Sun Chlorella Products, 25 Tea Bags TakeHerb: Eleuthero Vascutone Herb Tea, Health King, 20 Tea Bags TakeHerb: Siberian Eleuthero, Imperial Ginseng, 2500 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Eleuthero, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 250 Caps TakeHerb: Eleuthero Root, Starwest Botanicals, 470 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Eleuthero Root, Starwest Botanicals, 470 mg, 500 Caps TakeHerb: Siberian Eleuthero Regular, Sun Chlorella Products, 300 Tabs TakeHerb: Siberian Eleuthero, Nature's Way, 235 mg Root & 250 mg Extract, 180 Caps TakeHerb: Eleuthero Root, Organic Cut & Sifted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb TakeHerb: Eleuthero Root Powder, Organic, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb TakeHerb: Siberian Eleuthero Root Extract, Nature's Answers, Alcohol-Free, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Eleuthero Root Extract, Gaia Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Eleuthero Root Extract, Gaia Herbs, 4 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Siberian Eleuthero, Imperial Elixir - Ginseng Company, 10 ml Extract Vials, 30 Count

Valerian root has a calming effect. Used with the amino acid tyrosine, it has been found to be helpful for those undergoing withdrawal from cocaine.

VALERIAN PRODUCTS Mountain Rose Herbs: Valerian Root & Powder, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Valerian Plus Herbal Tea, Dr. Stuarts, 15 Enveloped Tea Bags Kalyx: Valerian Root Tea, Alvita Teas, 24 Tea Bags HerbsPro: Valerian Root Tea, Alvita Teas, 24 Bags This blend of Valerian root, Lime flowers and Passionflower will help you relax and drift off into a peaceful and restful sleep at the end of a busy day. Kalyx: Valerian - Mint Tea, Alvita Teas, 24 Tea Bags HerbsPro: Valerian - Mint Tea, Alvita Teas, 24 Bags It is often used for its soothing, relaxing beneficial properties. Peppermint (Mentha piperita) is a universally-loved and widely-used flavoring. Peppermint's value comes from the mint's volatile oil, which contains menthol, and is added to many formulas for its therapeutic properties. So highly thought of, Peppermint was included in a list of plants being taken to the New World. Together, Valerian and Peppermint make a calming, relaxing tea.

TYROSINE PRODUCTS Kalyx: L-Tyrosine, TwinLab, 500 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: L-Tyrosine, FoodScience Labs, 500 mg, 60 VCaps HerbsPro: L-Tyrosine Powder, Amino Acid Free-Form Supplement, 100 gm, 3.53 oz. HerbsPro: Tyrosine Powder, Now Foods, 4 oz. HerbsPro: L-Tyrosine, Now Foods, 500 mg, 120 Caps HerbsPro: L-Tyrosine, Nutricology, 500 mg, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: L-Tyrosine, Douglas Lab, 800 mg, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: L-Tyrosine, Ecological Formula, 800 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: L-Tyrosine With Vitamin B-6, Aids Melanin Production & Helps Moon, Health Herbs, 500 mg, 60 Caps TakeHerb: 5-HTP Plus L-Tyrosine, Supports Positive Mood With B-3 & B-6, Now Foods, 200 mg / 250 mg, 60 VCaps

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NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS

Unless otherwise specified, the following recommended doses are for adults over the age of 18. For a child between 12 and 17 years, reduce the dose to 3/4 the recommended dose. For a child between 6 and 12 years old, use 1/2 the recommended dose, and for a child under 6, use 1/4 the recommended dose.

NUTRIENTS
Supplement	Suggested Dosage	Comments
Very Important
Vitamin B Complex	100 mg of each major B vitamin 3 times daily (amounts of individual vitamins in a complex will vary) or as directed on the label. B-Complex Injections: 2 cc weekly or as prescribed by health care provider.	Needed when under stress to rebuild the liver. Injections (under a health care provider's supervision) are most effective. If injections are not available, use a sublingual form if possible.
VITAMIN B COMPLEX PRODUCTS Kalyx: Super Vitamin B-Complex With B-12, Schiff, 120 Caps Kalyx: Vitamin B-Complex, Schiff, 50 mg, 100 Tabs Kalyx: Vitamin B-Complex, Schiff, From Whole Rice, 50 mg, 100 Softgels Kalyx: B-Complex Gummy Vitamins, Be Calm Strawberry For Adults, Nutrition Now, 70 Gummy Chewables Kalyx: Complete B-Complex, Rainbow Light, 180 Tabs Kalyx: Stress B-Complex, TwinLab, 100 Caps Kalyx: Vitamin B-100 Complex, Thompson, 60 Tabs HerbsPro: Liquid B-Complex With Vitamin B-12, NOW Foods, 8 oz. HerbsPro: Platinum Vitamin-B Complex, Nature's Answer, 16 oz. HerbsPro: Liquid Yeast B Complex, TwinLab, 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Coenzymate B Complex, Sublingual Orange, Source Naturals, 120 Tabs HerbsPro: Coenzymate B Complex, Sublingual Peppermint, Source Naturals, 120 Tabs HerbsPro: Stress B-Complex, TwinLab, 250 Caps HerbsPro: Super B Complex, Herbal Liquid, TwinLab, 8 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Super B Complex, Regular Liquid Formula, 8 fl. oz. HerbsPro: B Complex Liquid, World Organics, 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Maxi B-50 Complex, Maxi-Health Research, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Coenzymate B Complex, Sublingual Orange, Source Naturals, 60 Tabs TakeHerb: Liquid B Complex, B Vitamins With Energy Herbs, Tropical Oasis, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Super B-Complex Regular Liquid, TwinLab, 8 oz. TakeHerb: Liquid Yeast B-Complex, TwinLab, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Ultra B Liquid, World Organics, In Raisin Juice, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Liquid B-Complex, With Vitamin C, Strawberry Flavor, Lifetime, 16 oz.
And Vitamin B-12	1,000-2,000 mcg daily on an empty stomach. Injections: 1 cc once weekly or as prescribed by a health care provider.	Linked to the production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Important in making myelin, the substance of which the sheaths covering the nerves are made. Injections (under a health care provider's supervision) are best. All injectables can be combined in a single injection. If injections are not available, use a lozenge, sublingual, or spray form.
VITAMIN B-12 PRODUCTS HerbsPro: Vitamin B-12 Sublingual, Source Naturals, 2000 mcg, 100 Tabs HerbsPro: Vitamin B-12 Gummy Chewables, Raspberry Flavor, Nutrition Now, 100 Count HerbsPro: Vitamin B-12 Lozenges, Nature's Way, 2000 mcg, 100 Lozenges HerbsPro: Vitamin B-12 with Folic Acid Sublingual, Natural Cherry, Country Life, 500 mcg, 100 Lozenges House of Nutrition: Liquid Vitamin B-12, Natures Answer, 2 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Vitamin B-12, Douglas Lab, 2500 mcg, 60 Tabs House of Nutrition: Vitamin B-12, Lifetime, 5000 mcg, 60 Lozenges House of Nutrition: Megasorb Vitamin B-12, Solgar, 5000 mcg, 60 Nuggets TakeHerb: Vitamin B-Complex B-12 Sublingual Liquid, Good'n Natural, Promotes Energy Metabolism, 2 oz. TakeHerb: Vitamin B-12 Liquid B-Complex, NOW Foods, 2 oz. TakeHerb: Vitamin B-12 Liquid B-Complex, NOW Foods, 8 oz. TakeHerb: Sublingual Liquid B-12 With B-Complex, 2000 mcg, Solgar, 2 oz. TakeHerb: Vegan Sublingual B-12, Deva Nutrition, 90 Tabs TakeHerb: Ultra Vitamin B-12, NOW Foods, 4 fl. oz.
Important
Calcium	1,500 mg daily at bedtime.	Nourishes the central nervous system and helps control tremors by calming the body. Use chelate forms.
CALCIUM PRODUCTS Gold Crown Natural Products: Liquid Calcium with Vitamin D, 1200 mg / 400 IU, 60 Softgels Kalyx: Calcium With Vitamin D, TwinLab, 1000 mg / 400 IU, 120 Tabs Kalyx: Calcium Citrate Powder, Frontier Natural, 1 lb. Kalyx: Calcium Complex, Calcium & Magnesium, All One, 1000 mg / 500 mg, 8.5 oz. HerbsPro: Calcium Plus Liquid, French Vanilla, Buried Treasure Products, 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Calcium Plus Liquid, Blueberry, Buried Treasure Products, 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Calcium with Magnesium Chewable Wafers, Vanilla / Orange, Country Life, 1000 mg / 500 mg, 120 Wafers HerbsPro: Calcium Magnesium Complex Powder, All-One Nutri-Tech, 1000 mg / 500 mg, 8.5 oz. HerbsPro: Calcium Magnesium Liquid, Mint Flavor, Enzymatic Therapy, 16 oz. HerbsPro: Yummi Bears Vegetarian Calcium With Vitamin D, Hero Nutritional Products, 90 Bears HerbsPro: Calcium Soft Chews, Chocolate, Nutrition Now, 500 mg, 75 Chews HerbsPro: Calcium Soft Chews, Fruit Flavor, Nutrition Now, 500 mg, 75 Chews HerbsPro: Just An Ounce Liquid Calcium & Magnesium, Almond Flavor, Trimedica, 16 oz. HerbsPro: Calm Plus Calcium, Raspberry-Lemon, Peter Gillhams Natural Vitality, 8 oz. TakeHerb: Bone Strength Take Care, New Chapter, 120 Tabs TakeHerb: Liquid Coral Calcium Complex, Natural Calcium, Dynamic Health Labs, 32 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Osteo Rx, Bone Health & Density, Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals, 120 Tabs TakeHerb: Calcium, Liquid Health, 32 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Calcium Citrate Chew, TwinLab, 1000 mg, 60 Wafers TakeHerb: Total Soy Calcium Shake, Vanilla, Naturade, 1000 mg, 17.3 oz. TakeHerb: Super Calcium-Magnesium With Vitamin D & Boron, Schiff, 1200 mg / 400 mg / 400 IU / 3 mg, 90 Softgels TakeHerb: Super Calcium With Vitamin D, Schiff, 1200 mg / 400 IU, 120 Softgels TakeHerb: Calcium Citrate With Magnesium, TwinLab, 300 mg / 150 mg, 250 Caps TakeHerb: Coral Calcium Complete Liquid, Buried Treasure, 32 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Coral Calcium Powder, Source Naturals, 8 oz.
And Magnesium	1,000 mg daily, at bedtime.	Works with calcium. Use magnesium asporotate or magnesium chelate form.
MAGNESIUM PRODUCTS Kalyx: Magnesium, Thompson Nutritional, 100 mg, 120 Tabs Kalyx: Magnesium, TwinLab, 400 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: Magnesium, TwinLab, 400 mg, 200 Caps Kalyx: Magnesium Chloride Liquid, Nutricology, 8 oz. Kalyx: Magnesium Citrate Powder, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. Kalyx: Magnesium Citrate Powder, Frontier Natural, 1 lb. Kalyx: Magnesium Malate, Thompson Nutritional, 400 mg, 120 Tabs HerbsPro: Chelated Magnesium, Country Life, 250 mg, 180 Tabs HerbsPro: Buried Treasure Liquid Magnesium, 16 oz. HerbsPro: Bone Builder With Magnesium Glycinate, Ethical Nutrients, 220 Tabs TakeHerb: Chelated Magnesium, Solgar, 400 mg, 100 Tabs TakeHerb: Chelated Magnesium, Solgar, 400 mg, 250 Tabs TakeHerb: Magnesium Blend Liquid, Orange Vanilla, Lifetime, 16 fl. oz.
Free-Form Amino Acid Complex Plus Extra L-Glutamine	Free Form Amino Acid: As directed on label on an empty stomach. L-Glutamine: 500 mg 3 times daily, on an empty stomach.	Passes the blood-brain barrier to promote healthy mental functioning. Increases levels of Gamma-AminoButyric Acid (GABA), which has a calming effect.
AMINO ACID COMPLEX PRODUCTS House of Nutrition: Kal's Amino Acid Complex, 1000 mg, 100 Tabs House of Nutrition: Solgar Essential Amino Acid Complex, 90 VCaps House of Nutrition: Kal's Absolute Amino, 60 Softgels House of Nutrition: Now Foods Amino Complete, 120 Caps House of Nutrition: Now Foods Amino Complete, 360 Caps House of Nutrition: Complete Amino 2200 PWR, 150 Tabs House of Nutrition: IronTek's Essential Liquid Amino Complex, Natural Orange Flavor, 16 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Amino 1500, Natural Free Form, Good'n Natural, 150 Tabs TakeHerb: Amino Gold, Ultimate Nutrition, 1500 mg, 325 Tabs GLUTAMINE / L-GLUTAMINE PRODUCTS TakeHerb: Glutamine, NOW Foods, 1500 mg, 180 Tabs TakeHerb: Glutamine, NOW Foods, 1500 mg, 90 Tabs TakeHerb: L-Glutamine, NOW Foods, 1000 mg, 240 Caps TakeHerb: L-Glutamine, NOW Foods, 1000 mg, 120 Caps TakeHerb: Glutamine, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 120 Caps TakeHerb: Glutamine Powder, NOW Foods, 1 lb.. TakeHerb: Glutamine Pure Powder, NOW Foods, 6 oz. TakeHerb: Glutamine Powder, NOW Foods, 1000 grams TakeHerb: L-Glutamine, Dymatize, 1000 grams TakeHerb: Power Glutamine, Pharmaceutical Grade L-Glutamine, Champion Nutrition, 454 grams TakeHerb: Glutamine Fuel Powder, Twin Lab, Pure L-Glutamine, 4500 mg, 18 oz.
And L-Tyrosine	500 mg twice daily, on an empty stomach. Take these supplements with water or juice, not milk. Take with 50 mg vitamin B-6 and 100 mg vitamin C for better absorption.	Tyrosine and valerian root taken every 4 hours have given good results for cocaine withdrawal. Caution: Do not take this supplement if you are taking an MAO inhibitor drug.
TYROSINE PRODUCTS Kalyx: L-Tyrosine, TwinLab, 500 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: L-Tyrosine, FoodScience Labs, 500 mg, 60 VCaps HerbsPro: L-Tyrosine Powder, Amino Acid Free-Form Supplement, 100 gm, 3.53 oz. HerbsPro: Tyrosine Powder, Now Foods, 4 oz. HerbsPro: L-Tyrosine, Now Foods, 500 mg, 120 Caps HerbsPro: L-Tyrosine, Nutricology, 500 mg, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: L-Tyrosine, Douglas Lab, 800 mg, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: L-Tyrosine, Ecological Formula, 800 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: L-Tyrosine With Vitamin B-6, Aids Melanin Production & Helps Moon, Health Herbs, 500 mg, 60 Caps TakeHerb: 5-HTP Plus L-Tyrosine, Supports Positive Mood With B-3 & B-6, Now Foods, 200 mg / 250 mg, 60 VCaps
Vitamin A	100,000 IU daily for 5 days, then, 50,000 IU daily for 5 days, then reduce to 25,000 IU daily. If you are pregnant, do not exceed 10,000 IU daily.	Strengthens cell walls to protect against invasion by bacteria and promote tissue repair. Essential to the immune system. Use an emulsion form for easier assimilation and greater safety at high doses.
VITAMIN A PRODUCTS Kalyx: Vitamin A & D, TwinLab Allergy D, 10,000 IU / 400 IU, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: Vitamin A, Nature's Life, 10,000 IU, 100 Softgels House of Nutrition: Vitamin A, Nature's Life, 10,000 IU, 250 Softgels House of Nutrition: Vitamin A, Nature's LIfe, 25,000 IU, 100 Softgels House of Nutrition: Vitamin A & D-3, BlueBonnet, 25,000 I.U. / 1000 I.U., 100Softgels House of Nutrition: Vitamin A Suppositories, Wise Woman Herbal, 10 Count House of Nutrition: Vitamin A Suppositories, Wise Woman Herbal, 30 Count House of Nutrition: Solaray's Emulsified Dry Vitamin A, 25,000 IU, 60 Caps House of Nutrition: Thompson's Nutritional Vitamin A & D Fish Liver Oil, 10,000 IU / 400 IU, 30 Softgels House of Nutrition: Vitamin A Palmitate, Carlson Lab, 15,000 IU, 120 Gels House of Nutrition: Vitamin A, BlueBonnet, 1000 IU, 100 Softgels TakeHerb: Vitamin A, NOW Foods, 10,000 IU, 100 Softgels TakeHerb: Vitamin A, Nature's Way, 10,000 IU, 100 Softgels
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)	As directed on label, on an empty stomach.	Acts as a relaxant and lessens cravings.
GABA PRODUCTS GABA is a non-essential amino acid found mainly in the human brain and eyes. It is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it regulates brain and nerve cell activity by inhibiting the number of neurons firing in the brain. GABA is referred to as the brain's natural calming agent. Together with niacinamide and inositol, it prevents anxiety and stress related messages from reaching the motor centers of the brain by occupying the receptor sites. Kalyx: GABA, Herbal Extracts Plus, 600 mg, 90 VCaps Kalyx: GABA Plus With Inositol & Niacinamide, TwinLab, 500 mg / 3000 mg / 1000 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: GABA Powder, Herbal Extracts Plus, 1 lb. Bottle Kalyx: GABA Relaxer Amino Acid Supplement, Country Life, 90 Tabs Kalyx: GABA-Val (GABA & Valerian), Progressive Labs, 90 Caps HerbsPro: GABA Calm Sublingual, Peppermint Flavor, Source Naturals, 120 Tabs HerbsPro: GABA Calm Sublingual, Orange Flavor, Source Naturals, 120 Tabs HerbsPro: GABA Plus Inositol & Niacinamide, TwinLab, 900 mg, 100 Caps HerbsPro: GABA, Calm Mood Support, Source Naturals, 750 mg, 180 Tabs HerbsPro: GABA, Now Foods, 500 mg, 200 Caps HerbsPro: GABA Relaxer with Vitamin B-6, Rapid Release, Country Life, 90 Tabs HerbsPro: GABA Powder, Source Naturals, 8 oz. HerbsPro: GABA Powder, Now Foods, 6 oz. TakeHerb: GABA Powder, Life Extension, 100 grams TakeHerb: Somatomax, Revolutionary Mood Elevator, Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals, 280 grams Somatomax is a Hi-Tech Neuro-Enhancement supplement that can be used as a nighttime or daytime formula, depending upon the serving amount. In higher serving amounts, the Phenibut and GABA in Somatomax will help to enhance deep, more restful sleep and to promote the release of the body's natural hormonal compounds for healthy neurotransmitter support.
Glutathione	As directed on label.	Aids in detoxifying drugs to reduce their harmful effects. Also reduces the desire for drugs or alcohol.
GLUTATHIONE PRODUCTS TakeHerb: L-Glutathione, Healthy Origins, 250 mg, 60 Caps TakeHerb: L-Glutathione, TwinLab, 100 mg, 60 Caps TakeHerb: L-Glutathione, Good'n Natural, 250 mg, 30 Caps TakeHerb: Glutathione, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 60 VCaps
Lithium	As prescribed by a health care provider.	A trace mineral that aids in relieving depression. Available by prescription only.
LITHIUM PRODUCTS Lithium Orotate: Lithium has long been used for manic-depression. High doses depress dopamine release, flattening elevated moods; lower doses stimulate serotonin synthesis, producing an antidepressant effect. Lithium reputedly is also neuroprotective, suggesting its use in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is thought to lower blood glucose levels and to have immune-enhancing and antiviral effects (especially against herpes simplex). Nieper used lithium orotate to treat depression, headaches, migraine, epilepsy, and alcoholism. HerbsPro: Lithium Orotate, Dr. Hans Nieper, 120 mg, 200 Tabs House of Nutrition: Monolith (Formely Lithium Orotate), Life Link, 135 mg, 100 Tabs House of Nutrition: Lithium Orotate, OMP (Ortho Molecular Products), 10 mg, 60 VCaps House of Nutrition: Lithium, American Biologic, 50 mcg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Lithium Orotate, A Perfect Antidepressant, Dr. Hans Nieper, 120 mg, 200 Tabs TakeHerb: Best Lithium Aspartate, Doctors Best, 5 mg, 120 VCaps TakeHerb: Lithium Orotate, Doctors Best, 5 mg, 200 Tabs TakeHerb: Lithium, Regal Life, 100 Caps
L-Phenylalanine	1,500 mg daily, taken upon arising.	Necessary as a brain fuel. Use for withdrawal symptoms. Caution: Do not take this supplement if you are pregnant or nursing, or suffer from panic attacks, diabetes, high blood pressure, or PKU.
PHENYLALANINE PRODUCTS Kalyx: L-Phenylalanine, TwinLab, 500 mg, 60 Caps Kalyx: L-Phenylalanine With Vitamin B-6, Country Life, 500 mg, 60 VCaps HerbsPro: L-Phenylalanine Powder, Source Naturals, 100 gm, 3.53 oz. HerbsPro: L-Phenylalanine, Source Naturals, 500 mg, 100 Tabs House of Nutrition: Pure L-Phenylalanine, Montiff, 500 mg, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: L-Phenylalanine, Now Foods, 500 mg, 120 Caps TakeHerb: L-Phenylalanine, Solgar, 500 mg, 100 VCaps
Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B-5)	500 mg 3 times daily.	Essential for the adrenal glands and for reducing stress.
PANTOTHENIC ACID (VITAMIN B-5) PRODUCTS Kalyx: Vitamin B-6, Thompson, 100 mg, 60 Tabs HerbsPro: Coenzymated B-6 Sublingual, Source Naturals, 25 mg, 60 Tabs HerbsPro: Coenzymated B-6 Sublingual, 25 mg, 120 Tabs For vitamins to be utilized by the body, they must first be converted into their active coenzyme forms. This Coenzymated sublingual B-6 goes directly into your bloodstream in its active form, ready to go to work immediately. Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate (PLP or P-5-P) is the main metabolically active coenzyme form of vitamin B6. P-5-P is associated with numerous enzymes, many of which are involved in the conversion of amino acids into the neurotransmitters dopamine, noripinephrine and serotonin. HerbsPro: Vitamin B-6, Source Naturals, 50 mg, 250 Tabs HerbsPro: Vitamin B-6, Source Naturals, 100 mg, 250 Tabs HerbsPro: Vitamin B-6, Now Foods, 100 mg, 250 Caps HerbsPro: Coenzymated B-6, Source Naturals, 300 mg, 60 Tabs HerbsPro: Vitamin B-6, Timed Release, Source Naturals, 500 mg, 100 Tabs House of Nutrition: Vitamin B-6 Sublingual Liquid, Designs For Health, 4 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Vitamin B-6 Liquid, Carlson Labs, 4 oz. House of Nutrition: Vitamin B-6, BlueBonnet, 200 mg, 90 Caps House of Nutrition: Vitamin B- 6, Vital Nutrient, 250 mg, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: Vitamin B-6, Sustained Release, Natures Plus, 500 mg, 90 Caps TakeHerb: Vitamin B-6, Nature's Way, 100 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Vitamin B-6, NOW Foods, 100 mg, 250 Caps TakeHerb: Vitamin B-6, NOW Foods, 50 mg, 100 Tabs
Vitamin C	2,000 mg every 3 hours.	Detoxifies the system and lessens the craving for drugs. Use a buffered form such as sodium ascorbate. Intravenous administration (under a health care provider's supervision) may be necessary. Enhances immune function.
VITAMIN C PRODUCTS Kalyx: Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Powder, Pure, Nutricology, 1000 mg, 120 Grams Kalyx: Vitamin C, Pure, Nutricology, 1000 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: HerbaLozenges Orange C, Zand, 125 mg, 15 Per Bag Kalyx: Gummy Vitamin C Slices, Rainbow Light, 30 Single Serve Packets Kalyx: Fruit Snacks, 100% Vitamin C, Farley's & Sathers Candy Co., 5 lbs. Kalyx: Ester- C Powder With Citrus Bioflavonoids, American Health, 8 oz. Kalyx: Ester-C Liquid, American Health, 8 fl. oz. Kalyx: Ester-C Advanced Antioxidant Formula, American Health, 90 Vegetarian Tabs Kalyx: Ester-C Chewable Wafers, American Health, 250 mg, 125 Wafers HerbsPro: Maxi-C Complex Vitamin C, Country Life, 1000 mg, 180 Tabs TakeHerb: Ascorbic Acid Powder (Vitamin C), NOW Foods, 3 lbs. TakeHerb: Ascorbate C Powder, TwinLab, 2000 mg, 8 oz. TakeHerb: Liquid C With Rose Hips, Good'n Natural, 300 mg, 4 oz. TakeHerb: Alive! Organic Vitamin C Powder, Made With Organic Fruit, Nature's Way, 120 grams TakeHerb: Vitamin C-500 Complex With Bioflavonoids, Acerola & RoseHips, NOW Foods, 100 Tabs
Helpful
Multi-Vitamin & Mineral Complex	As directed on label.	All nutrients are needed in high amounts for healing. Use a high-potency formula.
MULTI-VITAMIN & MINERAL PRODUCTS Kalyx: Superior Multiple All-In-One Multivitamin & Mineral, Country Life, 180 Tabs Kalyx: Superior Care High Potency Multivitamin For Adults, Foodscience Labs, 120 Tabs Kalyx: All-In-One Multivitamin, Iron-Free, Thompson Nutritional, 60 Caps Kalyx: Active Senior SafeGuard Just Once Multivitamin, 90 Tabs Kalyx: Complete Prenatal System, Rainbow Light, 180 Tabs Kalyx: Complete Prenatal System, Rainbow Light, 360 Tabs HerbsPro: Alpha Betic For People with Diabetes, 30 Tabs HerbsPro: Diabetic Support, Liquid Health, 32 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Completia Diabetic, Diabetic Multivitamin, Natures Way, 30 Tabs HerbsPro: Completia Diabetic, Diabetic Multivitamin, Natures Way, 60 Tabs HerbsPro: Completia Diabetic, Diabetic Multivitamin, Natures Way, 90 Tabs HerbsPro: Vegan, Multivitamin & Mineral, Without Iron, Deva Vegan, 90 Tabs HerbsPro: Women's Answer Multivitamin With Minerals, Rainbow Light, 180 Tabs HerbsPro: Women's Multivitamin With Minerals, Trace Minerals & Amino Acids, Whole Foods, Liquid Health, 32 oz. House of Nutrition: Mega Multivitamin & Mineral Drink Mix, Berry Flavor, Integrative Therapeutic ITI, 637 gms House of Nutrition: Vitamin Code Liquid Multivitamin & Mineral Formula, Orange-Mango, Garden Of Life, 30 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Nutra Support Diabetes, Multi-Vitamin & Mineral, Iron Free, Carlsons, 60 Softgels House of Nutrition: Nutra-Support Diabetes, Multi-Vitamin & Mineral, Iron-Free, Carlsons, 120 Softgels House of Nutrition: Completia Prenatal, Nature's Way, 240 Tabs House of Nutrition: Early Promise Prenatal Micronutrient Powder, Bluebonnet, Chocolate Flavor, 1.1 lb. House of Nutrition: Buried Treasure's Prenatal Plus DHA Complete, 16 oz. House of Nutrition: New Chapter's Perfect Prenatal, 96 Tabs TakeHerb: Daily Multivitamin For Optimum Health, Dr. Weil, 90 Tabs TakeHerb: Adult's Multivitamin Chewable, Exotic Red Super Fruit, Nature's Plus, 90 Tabs TakeHerb: Ultra Vita Min - Multivitamin & Mineral Supplement, Good'n Natural, 100 Tabs TakeHerb: Diabetes Health Pack, Nature Made, 30 Tabs TakeHerb: Diabetic Multiple Formula, 90 Tabs TakeHerb: Ultra Vitamin - Multivitamin & Multimineral Supplement, Good'n Natural, 100 Tabs TakeHerb: Epresat Adult Multivitamin, Floradix Herbal Extracts, 8.5 oz. TakeHerb: Formula VM-2000 Multi-Nutrient System With Herbs, Solgar, 2 Tabs TakeHerb: Alive Once Daily, Womens 50 Plus Ultra Balanced, Natures Way, 60 Tabs TakeHerb: Alive Once Daily, Mens 50 Plus Ultra Complete, Natures Way, 60 Tabs
Niacinamide (Vitamin B-3)	500 mg 3 times daily.	Important for brain function. Caution: Do not substitute niacin for niacinamide. Niacin should not be taken in such high doses.
NIACINAMIDE PRODUCTS Kalyx: Niacin, Natures Way, 100 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: Niacin, Thompson Nutritional, 250 mg, 60 Tabs Kalyx: Niacin (Vitamin B-3), Nutricology, 250 mg, 90 Caps Kalyx: Niacinamide, Country Life, 500 mg, 100 Tabs Kalyx: Niacin, Flush-Free, Schiff Vitamins, 500 mg, 100 Tabs Kalyx: Niacin (Vitamin B-3), TwinLab, 1000 mg, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Niacin, Natures Way, 100 mg, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Niacin, Source Naturals, 100 mg, 100 Tabs HerbsPro: Niacin (Vitamin B-3), Source Naturals, 100 mg, 250 Tabs HerbsPro: Niacin, Flush Free, Now Foods, 250 mg, 180 Caps HerbsPro: Niacin, Schiff Vitamins, 500 mg, 100 Tabs HerbsPro: Niacin, Flush Free, Now Foods, 500 mg, 90 VCaps HerbsPro: Niacin (Vitamin B-3), TwinLab, 1000 mg, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Niacinamide (Vitamin B-3), Source Naturals, 100 mg, 250 Tabs HerbsPro: Niacinamide, Now Foods, 500 mg, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Niacinamide, Source Naturals, Timed Release, 1500 mg, 100 Tabs House of Nutrition: Niacin, Carlson Lab, 50 mg, 100 Tabs House of Nutrition: Vitamin B-3, Life LInk, 100 mg, 250 Tabs House of Nutrition: Vitamin B-3 (Niacin), Life Extension, 500 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Niacin, Flush Free, Health Herbs, 275 mg, 90 Caps TakeHerb: Niacin, No Flush, Life Extension, 800 mg, 100 Caps

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HELPFUL PRODUCTS & FURTHER EDUCATION Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements -- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 2nd Edition Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements -- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 4th Edition Prescription for Herbal Healing: The A-To-Z Reference To Common Disorders -- by Phyllis A. Balch The Complete Guide to Natural Healing This is only a small sample of educational materials and products available through Amazon.com. Use the search box provided below to search for a particular item. If you see a suggested Amazon product "not there" as indicated by an orange box with the Amazon logo, this only means the specific product link has been changed by Amazon.com. Use the "click here" icon on the orange box and it will bring you to Amazon.com and you can do a search for a specific product using keywords and a new list of available products and prices will show. Their product and resource links are constantly changing and being upgraded. Many times there are more than one link to a specific product. Prices will vary between product distributors so it pays to shop around and do price comparisons. Educational materials and health products are available through Amazon.com. Use the search box provided below to search for a particular item.

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Mountain Rose Bulk Herbs
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Mountain Rose Aromatherapy Oils

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MoonDragon's Nutrition Information Index

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Nutrition Basics Index

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Therapy Index

MoonDragon's Nutrition Therapy Index

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MoonDragon's Aromatherapy Information Index

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