DESCRIPTION

Syphilis is a highly contagious sexually-transmitted disease caused by a corkscrew or spiral-shaped spirochete bacterium called Treponema pallidum. Syphilis causes widespread tissue destruction. Syphilis is known by many names throughout history, including the "French disease" and the "Great Pox". It is also known as the "great mimic" or "the great imitator," because its symptoms resemble or are indistinguishable from those of many other diseases. It involves the genitals, skin, and central nervous system.



Syphilis is passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore. Sores occur mainly on the external genitals, vagina, anus, or in the rectum. Sores can also occur on the lips and in the mouth. Transmission of the organism occurs during vaginal, anal or oral sex. Pregnant women with the disease can pass it to the babies they are carrying. Syphilis cannot be spread through contact with toilet seats, doorknobs, swimming pools, hot tubs, bathtubs, shared clothing or eating utensils.

THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF SYPHILIS:

• Congenital form is found in newborns (0 to 2 weeks) born to mothers with syphilis.



• Contagious form is the type that affects persons of all ages and both sexes who acquire it through sexual contact.

In the United States, syphilis is the third most commonly reported infectious disease, and is most common in urban areas and in southern states. U.S. health officials reported over 32,000 cases of syphilis in 2002, including 6,862 cases of primary and secondary (P & S) syphilis. In 2002, half of all P & S syphilis cases were reported from 16 counties and 1 city; and most P & S syphilis cases occurred in persons 20 to 39 years of age. The incidence of infectious syphilis was highest in women 20 to 24 years of age and in men 35 to 39 years of age. Reported cases of congenital syphilis in newborns decreased from 2001 to 2002, with 492 new cases reported in 2001 compared to 412 cases in 2002.

Between 2001 and 2002, the number of reported P & S syphilis cases increased 12.4 percent. Rates in women continued to decrease, and overall, the rate in men was 3.5 times that in women. This, in conjunction with reports of syphilis outbreaks in men who have sex with men (MSM), suggests that rates of syphilis in MSM are increasing.

HISTORY OF SYPHILIS (From Wikipedia.org)

The first well-recorded outbreak of what we know as syphilis occurred in circa 1494 when it broke out among German troops besieging Naples. From this center, the disease swept across Europe. As Jared Diamond describes it, "when syphilis was first definitely recorded in Europe in 1495, its pustules often covered the body from the head to the knees, caused flesh to fall from people's faces, and led to death within a few months." In addition, the disease was more frequently fatal than it is today. Diamond concludes that "by 1546, the disease had evolved into the disease with the symptoms so well known to us today." The epidemiology of this first syphilis epidemic shows that the disease was either new or a mutated form of an earlier disease. Some famous historical personages, including Charles VIII, Hernando Cortez of Spain, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Vladimir Lenin, and Ivan the Terrible, have been alleged to have had syphilis. Guy de Maupassant and possibly Friedrich Nietzsche are thought to have been driven insane and ultimately killed by the disease. Al Capone contracted syphilis as a young man. By the time he was incarcerated at Alcatraz, it reached its third stage, neurosyphilis, making him confused and disoriented. Syphilis led to the death of artist Edouard Manet and artist Paul Gauguin is also said to have suffered from syphilis. Composers who succumbed to syphilis include Hugo Wolf, Frederick Delius, Scott Joplin, and possibly Franz Schubert.

The insanity caused by late-stage syphilis was once one of the more common forms of dementia; this was known as the general paresis of the insane.

While working at the Rockefeller Institute in 1913, Hideyo Noguchi, a Japanese scientist, demonstrated the presence of the spirochete Treponema pallidum in the brain of a progressive paralysis patient, proving that the spirochete was the cause of the disease.

Tuskegee Syphilis Study - One of the worst (and best-documented) cases of unethical human medical experimentation in the twentieth century was the Tuskegee syphilis study. The study took place in Macon, Alabama and was supported by the Tuskegee Institute. This study began in 1932, a group of 600 poor, uneducated African American sharecroppers were examined to determine the natural course of the disease if left untreated. It was documented that 399 men were infected with the disease and 201 were uninfected control patients. The government stated at first that treatment was supposed to be a part of the study, but they were unable to produce any useful data. It was then discovered that the government had decided to leave the men untreated and follow the course of the disease to these men's eventual deaths. They thought they were receiving experimental treatment for "bad blood" in exchange for free meals and a $50.00 death benefit. However, the study was designed to measure the progression of untreated syphilis and to determine whether syphilis caused cardiovascular damage more often than neurological damage, and to determine if the natural course of the disease was different in black men versus white men. By 1947 penicillin had become the standard treatment of syphilis. The men were never advised that they had syphilis, nor were they ever offered a treatment, not even Salvarsan or the other arsenical drugs that were in use at the beginning of the study. The original study was meant to last six to nine months, but continued for 40 years, ending in 1972, long after many wives and children had been infected, and many of the men had died of syphilis. It was estimated that more than one hundred men and women died for this study. The study only ended because of a story printed in the Washington Star. A class-action lawsuit was then filed against the federal government for the study. This lawsuit was settled out of court and the living subjects and their descendants were awarded a total of ten million dollars. After the settlement was awarded, the government passed the National Research Act, which required the government to review and approve all medical studies involving human studies. (http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aaworld/reference/articles/tuskegee_syphilis_study.html)

ORIGINS OF SYPHILIS

There are 3 theories on the origin of syphilis, which form an ongoing debate in anthropological and historical fields.

The pre-Columbian theory holds that syphilis symptoms are described by Hippocrates in Classical Greece in its venereal / tertiary form. There are other suspected syphilis findings for pre-contact Europe, including at a 13-14th century Augustinian friary in the northeastern English port of Kingston upon Hull. Skeletons in pre-Columbus Pompeii demonstrating symptoms of congenital syphilis have also been found.

The Columbian Exchange theory holds that syphilis was a New World disease brought back by Columbus. The transmission of infections generally went from Europe to the Indies, with disastrous consequences for the indigenous Americans. Supporters of the Columbian theory find syphilis lesions on pre-contact Native Americans and cite documentary evidence linking crewmen of Columbus's voyages to the Naples outbreak of the 1490s.

Evidence for the pre-Columbian and Columbian Exchange theories are each disputed by the opposing school of thought, but Alfred Crosby suggests both are correct. Syphilis is a form of Yaws, similar to tuberculosis which has existed in both Old and New Worlds since time immemorial. According to Crosby: "the differing ecological conditions produced different types of treponematosis and, in time, closely related but different diseases".

In other words, a common ancestor of the syphilis bacterium existed on both the Old and New Worlds, easily spread by the poor hygiene of primitive cultures. As hygiene standards improved in Europe the bacterium was forced to evolve into a more aggressive version to survive and reproduce, which also resulted in it becoming deadly to Humans. The European strain was carried to the New World, where the native population's exposure to the less deadly version of syphilis vaccinated them against the lethal variety. As fewer Native Americans than Europeans succumbed to the deadly syphilis, it appeared to contemporary thinkers that the New World was to blame for the disease.

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Syphilis has three stages: primary, secondary and tertiary.

FREQUENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

PRIMARY (FIRST STAGE)

The first sign of Primary Syphilis (First Stage) is contagious. It appears 3 to 6 days (some resources state 10 days to 6 weeks or 10 days to 90 days with an average of 21 days) after contact / exposure to the bacterium:

• A painless, red sore (chancre) on the genitals, mouth or rectum (the spot where syphilis entered the body. The sore usually affects the penis in males and vagina or cervix in females. The chancre is firm and has clearly defined borders that are slightly raised. A chancre on the penis is easily visible. However, those that occur on the labia, cervix, anal area, or mouth are frequently unnoticed because they are usually (but not always) painless. There may also be swollen lymph glands.

If adequate treatment is not administered, the infection progresses to the secondary stage.

SECONDARY (SECOND STAGE)

Second Stage or Secondary Syphilis is contagious and begins 6 or more weeks after the chancre appears. Even without treatment, the chancre usually heals spontaneously within 2 months. This is not a sign that the disease is overcome, however, but rather that it has entered the secondary stage:

• Lesions that look like the original chancre are usually prominent on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The characteristic rash of secondary syphilis may appear as rough, red, or reddish brown spots both on the palms of the hands and the bottoms of the feet. A generalized rash in one or more areas of the body. The rash usually does not cause itching. Rashes associated with secondary syphilis can appear as the chancre is healing or several weeks after the chancre has healed. However, rashes with a different appearance may occur on other parts of the body, sometimes resembling rashes caused by other diseases. Rashes appear on skin and mucous membranes of the penis, vagina or mouth. The rash has small, red, scaly bumps (wart-like patches). Sometimes the rashes associated with secondary syphilis are so faint that the are not noticed.



• Enlarged lymph glands in the neck, armpit or groin.



• Headache, achy muscles and joints.



• Sore throat, patchy hair loss, weight loss, fatigue.



• Fever (sometimes).

Like the chancre, these symptoms also go away. Throughout primary and secondary syphilis the infection continues to be highly contagious. Without treatment, the infection will progress to the latent and late stages of the disease.



TERTIARY (THIRD STAGE)

Latent syphilis: Latent (hidden) syphilis is defined as having serologic proof of infection without signs or symptoms of disease. This is a dormant period that can last for many years. Latent syphilis is further described as either early or late. Early latent syphilis is defined as having syphilis for two years or less from the time of initial infection without signs or symptoms of disease. Late latent syphilis is infection for greater than two years but without clinical evidence of disease. The distinction is important for both therapy and risk for transmission. In the real-world, the timing of infection is often not known and should be presumed to be late for the purpose of therapy. Early latent syphilis may be treated with a single intramuscular injection of a long-acting penicillin. Late latent syphilis, however, requires three weekly injections. For infectiousness, however, late latent syphilis is not considered as contagious as early latent syphilis.

Tertiary Syphilis: In Tertiary Syphilis (Third Stage), the infection may flare up after being dormant for many years. Tertiary syphilis usually occurs 1 to 10 years after the initial infection, though in some cases it can take up to 50 years. Without treatment, the infected person will continue to have syphilis even though there are no signs or symptoms. At this stage it is no longer contagious.

The disease may damage the cardiovascular or nervous system. It may subsequently damage the internal organs, including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints. This internal damage may show up many years later. Signs and symptoms of the late stage of syphilis include:

• Mental deterioration and dementia.



• Sexual impotence.



• Loss of balance. Paralysis, numbness, difficulty coordinating muscle movements.



• Loss of feeling or shooting pains in the legs.



• Gradual blindness.



• Death may occur if damage is serious enough.

This stage is characterized by the formation of soft tumor-like balls of inflammation called gummas that may form anywhere in the body including the skeleton. Gummas were once readily seen in the skin and mucous membranes although they tend to occur internally in recent history. These are known as granulomas. the granulomas are chronic and represent an inability of the immune system to completely clear the organism. The gummas produce a chronic inflammatory state in the body with mass-effects upon the local anatomy.

Other characteristics of untreated tertiary syphilis include Charcot's joints which are a degeneration of joint surfaces resulting from loss of sensation and fine position sense (proprioception). Clutton's joints are bilateral knee effusions.

The more severe manifestations include neurosyphilis and cardiovascular syphilis. In a study of untreated syphilis, 10 percent of patients developed cardiovascular syphilis, 16 percent had gumma formation, and 7 percent had neurosyphilis.

Neurological complications at this stage can be diverse. In some patients, manifestations include generalized paresis of the insane which results in personality changes, changes in emotional affect, hyperactive reflexes, and Argyll-Robertson pupils. These are a diagnostic sign in which the small and irregular pupils constrict in response to focusing the eyes, but not to light. Tabes dorsalis, also known as locomotor ataxia, a disorder of the spinal cord, often results in a characteristic shuffling gait. See below for more information about neurosyphilis.

Cardiovascular complications include syphilitic aortitis, aortic aneurysm, aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva, and aortic regurgitation. Syphilis infects the ascending aorta causing dilation and aortic regurgitation. This can be heard with a stethoscope as a heart murmur. The course can be insidious, and heart failure may be the presenting sign after years of disease. The infection can also occur in the coronary arteries and cause narrowing of the vessels. Syphilitic aortitis can cause de Musset's sign (a bobbing of the head that de Musset first noted in Parisian prostitutes).

NEUROSYPHILIS

Neurosyphilis refers to a site of infection involving the central nervous system (CNS). Neurosyphilis may occur at any stage of syphilis. Before the advent of antibiotics, it was typically seen in 25 to 35 percent of patients with syphilis. Neurosyphilis is now most common in patients with HIV infection. Reports of neurosyphilis in HIV-infected persons are similar to cases reported before the HIV pandemic. The precise extent and significance of neurologic involvement in HIV-infected patients with syphilis, reflected by either laboratory or clinical criteria, have not been well characterized. Furthermore, the alteration of host immunosuppression by antiretroviral therapy in recent years has further complicated such characterization.

Approximately 35 to 40 percent of persons with secondary syphilis have asymptomatic central nervous system (CNS) involvement, as demonstrated by any of these on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination:

• An abnormal leukocyte cell count, protein level, or glucose level.
• Demonstrated reactivity to Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) antibody test.

There are four clinical types of neurosyphilis:

• Asymptomatic neurosyphilis.
• Meningovascular syphilis.
• General paresis.
• Tabes dorsalis.

The late forms of neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis and general paresis) are seen much less frequently since the advent of antibiotics. The most common manifestations today are asymptomatic or symptomatic meningitis. Acute syphilitic meningitis usually occurs within the first year of infection; 10 percent of cases are diagnosed at the time of the secondary rash. Patients present with headache, meningeal irritation, and cranial nerve abnormalities, especially the optic nerve, facial nerve, and the vestibulocochlear nerve. Rarely, it affects the spine instead of the brain, causing focal muscle weakness or sensory loss.

Meningovascular syphilis occurs a few months to 10 years (average, 7 years) after the primary syphilis infection. Meningovascular syphilis can be associated with prodromal symptoms lasting weeks to months before focal deficits are identifiable. Prodromal symptoms include unilateral numbness, paresthesias, upper or lower extremity weakness, headache, vertigo, insomnia, and psychiatric abnormalities such as personality changes. The focal deficits initially are intermittent or progress slowly over a few days. However, it can also present as an infectious arteritis and cause an ischemic stroke, an outcome more commonly seen in younger patients. Angiography may be able to demonstrate areas of narrowing in the blood vessels or total occlusion.

General paresis, otherwise known as general paresis of the insane, is a severe manifestation of neurosyphilis. It is a chronic dementia which ultimately results in death in as little as 2-3 years. Patients generally have progressive personality changes, memory loss, and poor judgment. More rarely, they can have psychosis, depression, or mania. Imaging of the brain usually shows atrophy.

Tabes dorsalis is a rare syndrome seen late in neurosyphilis. It can take as few as 3 years to manifest but averages occurs after 20 years. The symptoms are due to disease in the posterior columns of the spinal cord which are responsible for carrying sensory information to the brain from the body. Symptoms include sudden severe stabbing pains, loss of sensation, loss of reflexes, and Argyll-Robertson pupils. The Argyll-Robertson pupils account for half of the cases of tabes dorsalis and are manifested by a small pupil that does not constrict in response to light but does contract with accommodation.

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CAUSES

The infecting microorganism for both forms is Treponema pallidum.

The congenital form is spread to the fetus through the bloodstream.

The contagious form is spread by intimate sexual contact with someone who has syphilis in the first or second stages.

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RISK INCREASES WITH

Multiple sexual partners.

Sexual activity between homosexual males.

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PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Obtain blood serum test for syphilis early in pregnancy. If infected, get immediate treatment.

Use latex condoms during intercourse. See STDs & Condoms for more information. Genital ulcer diseases, like syphilis, can occur in both male and female genital areas that are covered or protected by a latex condom, as well as in areas that are not covered. Correct and consistent use of latex condoms can reduce the risk of syphilis, as well as genital herpes and chancroid, only when the infected area or site of potential exposure is protected.

Condoms lubricated with spermicides (especially Nonoxynol-9 or N-9) are no more effective than other lubricated condoms in protecting against the transmission of STDs. Based on findings from several research studies, N-9 may itself cause genital lesions, providing a point of entry for HIV and other STDs. In June 2001, the CDC recommended that N-9 not be used as a microbicide or lubricant during anal intercourse. Transmission of a STD, including syphilis cannot be prevented by washing the genitals, urinating, and or douching after sex. Any unusual discharge, sore, or rash, particularly in the groin area, should be a signal to refrain from having sex and to see a health care provider immediately.

Avoid any sexual contact if you suspect or know a person is infected. The surest way to avoid transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis, is to abstain from sexual contact or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected. While abstinence from any sexual activity is very effective at helping prevent syphilis, it should be noted that T. pallidum readily crosses intact mucosa and cut skin.

Avoiding alcohol and drug use may also help prevent transmission of syphilis because these activities may lead to risky sexual behavior. It is important that sex partners talk to each other about their HIV status and history of other STDs so that preventive action can be taken.

All patients with syphilis should be tested for HIV. Individuals sexually exposed to a person with primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis within 90 days preceding the diagnosis should be treated, even if he/she is currently seronegative. If the exposure was more than 90 days before the diagnosis, presumptive treatment is recommended if serologic testing is not immediately available or if follow-up is uncertain. Patients with syphilis of unknown duration and nontreponemal serologic titers ≥1:32 may be considered as having early syphilis for purposes of partner notification and presumptive treatment of sex partners. Long-term sex partners of patients with late syphilis should be evaluated clinically and serologically and treat appropriately. Patient education is important as well.

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EXPECTED OUTCOME

Usually curable in 3 months with treatment. In spite of treatment, syphilis returns within 1 year in 10 percent of persons. If this happens, re-treatment is necessary.

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POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS

Widespread tissue destruction and death without treatment.

The syphilis bacterium can infect the baby of a woman during her pregnancy. Depending on how long a pregnant woman has been infected, she may have a high risk of having a stillbirth (a baby born dead) or of giving birth to a baby who dies shortly after birth. An infected baby may be born without signs or symptoms of disease. However, if not treated immediately, the baby may develop serious problems within a few weeks. Untreated babies may become developmentally delayed, have seizures, or die.

Genital sores (chancres) caused by syphilis make it easier to transmit and acquire HIV infection sexually. There is an estimated 2- to 5-fold increased risk of acquiring HIV infection when syphilis is present. Ulcerative STDs that cause sores, ulcers, or breaks in the skin or mucous membranes, such as syphilis, disrupt barriers that provide protection against infections. The genital ulcers caused by syphilis can bleed easily, and when they come into contact with oral and rectal mucosa during sex, increase the infectiousness of and susceptibility to HIV. Having other STDs is also an important predictor for becoming HIV infected because STDs are a marker for behaviors associated with HIV transmission.

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnostic tests may include laboratory studies, such as a blood serum test for syphilis, a microscopic exam of discharge from the chancre, and a study of spinal fluid. Tests are repeated after treatment.

Some health care providers can diagnose syphilis by examining material from a chancre (infectious sore) using a special microscope called a dark-field microscope. If syphilis bacteria are present in the sore, they will show up when observed through the microscope.

A blood test is another way to determine whether someone has syphilis. Shortly after infection occurs, the body produces syphilis antibodies that can be detected by an accurate, safe, and inexpensive blood test. A low level of antibodies will stay in the blood for months or years even after the disease has been successfully treated. Because untreated syphilis in a pregnant woman can infect and possibly kill her developing baby, every pregnant woman should have a blood test for syphilis.

WASSERMAN TEST: In 1906, the first effective test for syphilis, the Wasserman test, was developed. Although it had some false positive results, it was a major advance in the prevention of syphilis. By allowing testing before the acute symptoms of the disease had developed, this test allowed the prevention of transmission of syphilis to others, even though it did not provide a cure for those infected. In the 1930s the Hinton test, developed by William Augustus Hinton, and based on flocculation, was shown to have fewer false positive reactions than the Wasserman test. Both of these early tests have been superseded by newer analytical methods.

DARK FIELD MICROSCOPIC STUDY: It was only in the 20th century that effective tests and treatments for syphilis were developed. Microscopy of fluid from the primary or secondary lesion using darkfield illumination can diagnose treponemal disease with high accuracy. As there are other treponemes that may be confused with T. pallidum, care must be taken in evaluating with microscopy to correlate symptoms with the correct disease.

VDRL & RPR TESTS: Present-day syphilis screening tests, such as the Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests are cheap and fast but not completely specific, as many other conditions can cause a positive result. False positives can be seen in viral infections (Epstein-Barr, hepatitis, varicella, measles), lymphoma, tuberculosis, malaria, endocarditis, connective tissue disease, pregnancy, intravenous drug abuse, or contamination.

OTHER TESTING AS FOLLOW-UP

As a result, these two screening tests (VDRL & RPR) should always be followed up by a more specific treponemal test. Tests based on monoclonal antibodies and immunofluorescence, including Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) and Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption (FTA-ABS) are more specific and more expensive. Unfortunately, false positives can still occur in related treponomal infections such as yaws and pinta. Tests based on enzyme-linked immunoassays are also used to confirm the results of simpler screening tests for syphilis.

Neurosyphilis is diagnosed by finding high numbers of leukocytes in the CSF or abnormally high protein concentration in the setting of syphilis infection.[7] In addition, CSF should be tested with the VDRL test although some advocate using the FTA-ABS test to improve sensitivity. There is anecdotal evidence that the incidence of neurosyphilis is higher in HIV patients, and some have recommended that all HIV-positive patients with syphilis should have a lumbar puncture to look for asymptomatic neurosyphilis.

It is important that you ensure that all your sexual partners obtain treatment. The public health department will work with you to notify contacts confidentially and help them obtain treatment.

HISTORICAL TREATMENT FOR SYPHILIS

There were originally no effective treatments for syphilis. The Spanish priest Francisco Delicado wrote El modo de adoperare el legno de India (Rome, 1525) about the use of Guaiacum in the treatment of syphilis. He himself suffered syphilis. Another common remedy was mercury: the use of which gave rise to the saying "A night in the arms of Venus leads to a lifetime on Mercury". It was administered multiple ways including by mouth and by rubbing it on the skin. One of the more curious methods was fumigation, in which the patient was placed in a closed box with his head sticking out. Mercury was placed in the box and a fire was started under the box which caused the mercury to vaporize. It was a grueling process for the patient and the least effective for delivering mercury to the body.

As the disease became better understood, more effective treatments were found. The first antibiotic to be used for treating disease was the arsenic-containing drug Salvarsan, developed in 1908 by Sahachiro Hata while working in the laboratory of Nobel prize winner Paul Ehrlich. This was later modified into Neosalvarsan. Unfortunately, these drugs were not 100 percent effective, especially in late disease. It had been observed that some who develop high fevers could be cured of syphilis. Thus, for a brief time malaria was used as treatment because it produced prolonged and high fevers. This was considered an acceptable risk because the malaria could later be treated with quinine which was available at that time. This discovery was championed by Julius Wagner-Jauregg, who won the 1927 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his work in this area. Malaria as a treatment for syphilis was usually reserved for late disease, especially neurosyphilis, and then followed by either Salvarsan or Neosalvarsan as adjuvant therapy. These treatments were finally rendered obsolete by the discovery of penicillin, and its widespread manufacture after World War II allowed syphilis to be effectively and reliably cured.

CURRENT CONVENTIONAL MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR SYPHILIS

Syphilis is easy to cure in its early stages. Syphilis can be easily treated with antibiotics including penicillin. The oldest, and still most effective, method is an intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin (Penicillin G Benzathine). A single deep intramuscular injection of penicillin or other antibiotic, will cure a person who has had syphilis for less than a year. Additional doses are needed to treat someone who has had syphilis for longer than a year. For people who are allergic to penicillin, other antibiotics are available to treat syphilis. There are no home remedies or over-the-counter drugs that will cure syphilis. Treatment will kill the syphilis bacterium and prevent further damage, but it will not repair damage already done.

The effect of penicillin on syphilis was widely known before randomized clinical trials were used; as a result, treatment with penicillin is largely based on case series, expert opinion, and years of clinical experience. Parenteral penicillin G is the only therapy with documented effect during pregnancy.

Nonpregnant individuals who have severe allergic reactions to penicillin (e.g., anaphylaxis) may be effectively treated with oral tetracycline or doxycycline although data to support this is limited. Ceftriaxone may be considered as an alternative therapy, although the optimal dose is not yet defined. However, cross-reactions in penicillin-allergic patients with cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone are possible. Azithromycin was suggested as an alternative. However, there have been reports of treatment failure due to resistance in some areas. If compliance and follow-up cannot be ensured, the CDC recommends desensitization with penicillin followed by penicillin treatment. All pregnant women with syphilis should be desensitized and treated with penicillin. Follow-up includes clinical evaluation at 1 to 2 weeks followed by clinical and serologic evaluation at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months after treatment.

Late latent and infections of unknown duration (late latent syphilis is defined as latency for greater than one year) - if CSF examination yields no evidence of neurosyphilis, then penicillin G is recommended as weekly doses for 3 weeks. If allergic, then tetracycline or doxycycline may be used for this stage also, but for 28 days instead of the normal 14. As with before, the data to support use of tetracycline and ceftriaxone are limited.

For patients diagnosed with neurosyphilis including ocular or auditory syphilis with or without positive CSF results, aqueous crystalline penicillin G is the treatment of choice. The recommended regimen is intravenous treatment every 4 hours or continuously for 10-14 days. If intravenous administration is not possible, then procaine penicillin is an alternative (administered daily with probenecid for two weeks). Procaine injections are painful, however, and patient compliance may be difficult to ensure. To approximate the 21-day course of therapy for late latent disease and to address concerns about slowly dividing treponemes, most experts now recommend 3 weekly doses of benzathine penicillin G after the completion of a 14-day course of aqueous crystalline or aqueous procaine penicillin G for neurosyphilis. No oral antibiotic alternatives are recommended for the treatment of neurosyphilis. The only alternative that has been studied and shown to be effective is intramuscular ceftriaxone daily for 14 days.

Alternative regimens (eg, tetracyclines) are not well studied in HIV infection and a careful follow-up is recommended. Tetracyclines are contraindicated in pregnancy.

HIV-infected patients with early syphilis may have a higher risk of neurologic complications and a higher rate of treatment failure with currently recommended regimens. The magnitude of these risks, however, although not precisely defined, is probably small. Skin testing or desensitization is recommended in latent syphilis and neurosyphilis in other patients with HIV infection.

Before administering any treatment, clinicians should warn all patients about the possibility of a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, which occurs most often in secondary syphilis and with penicillin therapy, and may be more common in HIV-infected patients. This reaction is characterized by fever, fatigue, and transient worsening of any mucocutaneous symptoms, and usually subsides within 24 hours. These symptoms can be alleviated with acetaminophen and should not be mistaken for drug allergy. In addition, clinicians should inform HIV-infected patients that currently recommended regimens may be less effective for them than for patients without HIV infection and that close serologic follow-up is therefore essential.

Because effective treatment is available, it is important that persons be screened for syphilis on an on-going basis if their sexual behaviors put them at risk for STDs.

Persons who receive syphilis treatment must abstain from sexual contact with new partners until the syphilis sores are completely healed. Persons with syphilis must notify their sex partners so that they also can be tested and receive treatment if necessary.

FOLLOW-UP CARE

Having syphilis once does not protect a person from getting it again. Following successful treatment, people can still be susceptible to re-infection. Only laboratory tests can confirm whether someone has syphilis. Because syphilis sores can be hidden in the vagina, rectum, or mouth, it may not be obvious that a sex partner has syphilis. Talking with a health care provider will help to determine the need to be re-tested for syphilis after treatment has been received.

After treatment, have blood studies done each month for 6 months to check for recurrence. Then repeat blood studies every 3 months for 2 years.

Additional information is available from the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Hotline (800) 227-8922.

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MEDICATION

Penicillin by injection is the recommended treatment unless you are allergic to it. If penicillin cannot be used, other antibiotics will be equally as effective. Always take the full course of any prescribed antibiotic medication. Taking only part of the prescribed medication wipes out the weakest bacteria but leaves the stronger bacteria resistant to the antibiotic to multiply.

Topical medications as needed for skin symptoms.

Use a latex condom with Nonoxynol-9 lubricant for sexual activity of any kind until the infection is gone completely, as syphilis is highly contagious. Be aware, though that using a condom does not guarantee complete protection. The only form of complete protection is abstinence.

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ACTIVITY

Avoid sexual intercourse until cure is complete. Then use condoms during sexual intercourse.

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DIET

No special diet. However, it is very important that you follow a healthy dietary plan for a strong immune system to fight infections.

To protect the helpful bacteria in your digestive tract, take antibiotics with a probiotic supplement such as Lactobacillus acidophilus or Bifidobacterium bifidus and for two weeks after the antibiotic prescription runs out. Take the probiotic as far apart from the antibiotic as possible.

ACIDOPHILUS & BIFIDUS PRODUCTS Acidophilus is effective in maintaining "good" bacteria in the body during antibiotic use. If taking antibiotics, include unsweetened or naturally sweetened yogurt in diet. Antibiotics will kill all bacteria, good and bad in the digestive tract. The active culure yogurt and acidophilus-bifidus supplements help replace the good bacteria needed for proper digestion. Starwest Botanicals: Acidophilus, 5 Billion Per Gram, 1 lb. Kalyx: Acidophilus & Bifidus, Lactose Free, Nature's Answer, 100 mg / 100 mg, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Acidophilus, Milk-Free, Schiff, 1 Billion CFU, 100 Caplets Kalyx: Acidophilus, Milk-Free, Schiff, 1 Billion CFU, 250 Caplets Kalyx: Acidophilus Probiotic, Natrol, 100 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: Acidophilus Probiotic, Natrol, 100 mg, 150 Caps Kalyx: Probiotic Acidophilus Liquid Culture, Strawberry, American Health, 16 fl. oz. Kalyx: Acidophilus Powder, Frontier Natural Bulk Herbs, 5 Billion CFU, 1/2 lb. Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Banana, American Health, 100 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Blueberry, American Health, 100 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Strawberry, American Health, 100 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Assorted Fruit Flavors, American Health, 120 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: BioBeads Probiotic Acidophilus, Natrol, 30 Beads Kalyx: BioBeads Probiotic Acidophilus, Natrol, 90 Beads HerbsPro: Probiotic Acidophilus With Citrus Pectin, American Health, 4 Billion Organisms, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Probiotic Acidophilus With Bifidus, American Health, Chewable Banana (Also Assorted Fruit & Strawberry), 100 Tabs HerbsPro: Acidophilus Chewable, American Health, Blueberry, 100 Wafers HerbsPro: Probiotic Acidophilus Culture Liquid, American Health, Banana (Blueberry, Strawberry & Plain), 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Acidophilus with Pectin, Vegetarian, Country Life, 250 Caps HerbsPro: Lactobacillus Acidophilus Powder (or Caps), Freeze-Dried, 10 Billion CFU, Eclectic Institute, 60 Gram HerbsPro: Papaya Lactobacillus Acidophilus (Probiotics) Liquid, Dairy Free, 100% Natural Organic, Dynamic Health Labs, 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Black Cherry Lactobacillus Acidophilus (Probiotics) Liquid, Dairy Free, Dynamic Health Labs, 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Apple Strawberry Lactobacillus Acidophilus (Probiotics) Liquid, Dairy Free, Dynamic Health Labs, 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Acidophilus Pearls, Enzymatic Therapy, Active Cultures, 90 Pearls HerbsPro: Longest Living Lactobacillus Acidophilus Plus Bifidus Blend, 1 Billion, Futurebiotics, 100 Caps HerbsPro: BioBeads Probiotic Acidophilus Complex, Natrol, 90 Beads HerbsPro: PB 8 Pro-Biotic Acidophilus, Vegetarian, Nutrition Now, 14 Billion, 120 VCaps HerbsPro: The Ultimate Acidophilus, ODonnell Formulas, 350 mg, 60 Caps House of Nutrition: Acidophilus & Bifidus, Natural Factors, 10-Billion Double Strength, 180 Caps House of Nutrition: Acidophilus, Now Foods, 2 Billion, 250 Caps TakeHerb: Stable Acidophilus, 3 Billion, NOW Foods, 180 Tabs TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Blueberry, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Strawberry, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Original Flavor, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Banana, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Apple Strawberry, Dynamic Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Black Cherry, Dynamic Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Kyo-Dophilus, One Per Day, Wakunaga, 30 Caps TakeHerb: Kyo-Dophilus Chewable, Wakunaga, 90 Tabs

Avoid 5-HTP Supplements. Syphilis alters the body's use of the amino acid tryptophan and related chemicals such as 5-HTP so that they form nerve toxins.

Herbs or other nutritional supplements recommended are used to help relieve the severity of the symptoms but do not cure the disease. You will have to be treated with antibiotics to cure the disease.

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NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS

The following nutrients are important for healing once appropriate local treatment has been administered. Unless otherwise specified, the following recommended doses are for those over the age of 18. For a child between 12 and 17 years old, reduce the dose to 3/4 the recommended amount. For a child between 6 and 12 years old, use 1/2 the recommended dose, and for a child under 6, use 1/4 the recommended amount.

BENEFICIAL HERBS
Supplement	Suggested Dosage	Comments
Astragalus	Capsules or tincture. Take as directed on the label.	Protects the immune system.
ASTRAGALUS PRODUCTS Astragalus root is considered to have a normalizing effect on the body's functions. Astragalus is an important herb in Chinese medicine and is commonly included in Chinese cuisine. Early Chinese writings refer to Astragalus as The Superior Tonic. Astragalaus boosts the immune system. Astragalus has been found to promote the formation of antibodies and increase the production of T-cells, on of the body's key lines of defense against disease and prevents strep infections. A recent clinical trial verified the herb's ability to boost the supply of infection-fighting white blood cells. Astragalus also has a proven ability to boost heart function and improve cardiac output. It helps relieve chest distress and breathlessness due to a weakened heart. Scientific studies of this herb have shown it to be effective on cancer and HIV patients by restoring compromised immune cells. Chinese scientists have found that Astragalus protects the body from absorption of toxic chemicals into the liver. Other research shows that people using this herb had less angina than those given heart drugs such as nifedipine. Chinese people consider Astragalus to be a better energy tonic for young people than ginseng. This herb is also used to help ward off or treat colds, improve heart function, memory, and learning, and promote the healing of wounded skin. Astragalus works well in treating anorexia, arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, malaria, kidney inflammations, painful urination, prolapsed uterus, uterine bleeding, edema, water retention, constipation, fever, and generalized weakness. Although many people take Astragalus at the onset of cold or flu symptoms, the Chinese believe taking huang qi at that time will cause the infection to go deeper. They instead use it while healthy as a defense shield against future illnesses. The recommended daily dosage of Astragalus is 9 to 30 grams of dried root boiled to make tea. There are Capsules, Tablets, Fluid Extract, Dried Root and prepared tea to be taken for this herb. For best results, consult with your health care provider for the treatment of your condition. Capsules: Take 500-1000 mg 3 times daily. Caution: Do not use this herb if you have a fever or a skin infection. Mountain Rose Herbs: Astragalus Root, Powder, & Slices, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root, Cut & Sifted, Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root, Sliced, Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root Powder, Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root, Organic, 420 mg, 100 Caps Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root, Organic 420 mg, 500 Caps Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root Extract, Organic, 1 fl. oz. Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root Extract, Organic, 4 fl. oz. Starwest Botanicals: Echinacea Immune Support Tea, With Astragalus, Yogi Tea, 16 Tea Bags This tea is a superior blend of several species of organic Echinacea Root. This blend is also complimented with Astragalus, Elder Berry, organic Peppermint, organic Lemongrass, organic Cinnamon, organic Fennel, organic Spearmint and organic Rosehips. Kalyx: Astragalus Extract, Herbs For Kids, 1 fl. oz. Kalyx: Astragalus Extract (Astragalus membranaceus), Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Astragalus Extract (Astragalus membranaceus), Health & Herbs, 4 fl. oz. Kalyx: Astragalus Extract (Astragalus membranaceus), Health & Herbs, 8 fl. oz. Kalyx: Astragalus Immunity Herb Tea, Health KIng, 20 Tea Bags Kalyx: Astragalus Root Extract, Nature's Answer, 60 VCaps Kalyx: Astragalus Root (Astragalus membranaceus), 420 mg, 100 VCaps Kalyx: Astragalus Root (Astragalus membranaceus), 420 mg, 500 VCaps Kalyx: Astragalus Root Powder, Certified Organic, Frontier Bulk Herbs, 1 lb. HerbsPro: Astragalus Immunity Tea, Health King, 20 Tea Bags HerbsPro: Astragalus, Natures Way, 60 VCap HerbsPro: Astragalus Extract, Eclectic Institute, 1 fl. oz HerbsPro: Astragalus Extract, Alcohol Free, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Astragalus Extract, Eclectic Institute, 2 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Astragalus Root Extract, Alcohol-Free, Gaia Herb, 4 oz. House of Nutrition: Astragalus Root Extract, BlueBonnet, 400 mg, 120 VCaps House of Nutrition: Astragalus Root, Nature's Way, 470 mg, 180 VCaps TakeHerb: Organic Astragalus, Defense System Support, Oregon's Wild Harvest, 1 oz. TakeHerb: Astragalus Extract, Alcohol-Free, Herbs For Kids,, 1 oz. TakeHerb: Full Spectrum Astragalus Extract Liquid, Planetary Herbals, 2 oz. TakeHerb: Full Spectrum Astragalus Extract, Planetary Herbals, 500 mg, 120 Tabs TakeHerb: Astragalus, Nature's Way, Standardized, 3000 mg, 100 Caps
Butcher's Broom	Ruscogenin tablets. Take 100 mg once daily.	Shrinks the swollen lymph glands.
BUTCHERS BROOM PRODUCTS A mild diuretc, butchers broom was approved by the authoritive German Commission E as a supportive therapy for chronic venous insufficiency, a condition causing pain, swelling, and fatigue in the calves. Chronic venous insufficiency is related to varicose veins. Pliny the Elder in 60 C.E. noted that it was a treatment for the swelling of veins. In modern Europe, components in butchers broom have been isolated and used in formulas for the treatment of varicose veins and hemorrhoids. The German Commission also recommended butchers broom for treatment of hemorrhoids. Butchers Broom root has been used as a natural support for improving elasticity and tone of the vascular tissue, especially in the legs. At least one clinical trial found that butchers broom may relieve lymph edema (arm swelling) following treatment for breast cancer. Butchers Broom shrinks swollen lymph nodes. Mountain Rose Herbs: Butchers Broom Root & Powder, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Starwest Botanicals: Butchers Broom Root, Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Butchers Broom Root Powder, Wildcrafted, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Butchers Broom Root Powder, Organic, 1 lb. Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root, 10% Ruscogenins, 60 VCaps Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root, 10% Ruscogenins, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root, 10% Ruscogenins, 360 VCaps Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root, 10% Ruscogenins, 600 VCaps Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root Powder (Ruscus aculeatus), 1 lb. Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root, Cut & Sifted, Certified Organic (Ruscus aculeatus), 1 lb. HerbsPro: Butchers Broom Root, Natures Answer, 500 mg, 90 Caps HerbsPro: Butchers Broom, Single Herb, Dr. Christophers Formulas, 100 VCaps HerbsPro: Butchers Broom, Source Naturals, 500 mg, 100 Tabs HerbsPro: Butchers Broom, Source Naturals, 500 mg, 250 Tabs House of Nutrition: Butchers Broom Root, Natures Way, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: Butchers Broom Extract, Solaray, 100 mg, 60 Caps House of Nutrition: Butchers Broom, Now Foods, 500 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Butchers Broom Extract, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Butchers Broom Root, Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Butchers Broom Root, Organic, Cut & Sifted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Butchers Broom Root Powder, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Circu Caps With Butchers Broom Rhizome Extract, Higher Dose, Sanhelios, 900 mg, 48 Caps TakeHerb: Trumans Edema Tea With Butchers Broom Extract, Health Herbs, 8 oz. TakeHerb: VariCare With Butchers Broom, Horse Chestnut, & Gotu Kola, Enzymatic Therapy, 90 Tabs TakeHerb: Herbal Leg Aid, Traditional Leg-Aid Formula, Butchers Broom Herbal Blend, Good'n Natural, 100 Caps
Copaiba Oil And/Or Andiroba Oil	Apply to lesions daily.	Soothes inflammation; accelerates healing.
ANDIROBA & COPAIBA OIL PRODUCTS TakeHerb: Andiroba Renewal Body Lotion, Alba Botanical, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Andiroba Exfoliating Body Wash, Alba Botanical, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Lush Moisturizing Facial Cream, Deeply Moisturizes All Skin Types, Alba Botanica, 1.5 oz. TakeHerb: Copaiba Scalp Treatment Conditioner, Alba Botanica, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Amazonian Copaiba, Florestas Organic Botanical, 8.45 oz. TakeHerb: Copaiba Oil Sustainable Harvest, Amazon Therapeutic Labs, 1 fl. oz.
Rooibos	Tea Bags. Prepare and take as directed on the label.	Stops generalized inflammation and pain.
ROOIBOS PRODUCTS Organic Rooibos tea has an earthy vanilla taste and pleasing orange color with hints of autumn straw. With an antioxidant level comparable to green tea, Rooibos has no caffeine, very low in tannin, and is relaxing to the nerves. Rooibos is high in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants which help reduce the risk of many chronic health problems. These antioxidants are reported to suppress cancer producing cells, slow the aging process, increase our natural detoxification defenses, and lower blood pressure. Rooibos also contains an anti-spasmodic so it helps to relieve digestive distress. African women enjoy Rooibos during pregnancy because it is high in iron, contains no caffeine, and relieves heartburn and nausea. In addition, their babies are given Rooibos to relieve colic. Starwest Botanicals: Rooibos Tea, Cut & Sifted, Organic, 4 oz. Starwest Botanicals: Rooibos Tea, Cut & Sifted, Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Rooibos Tea Bags, Organic, 4 oz. Starwest Botanicals: Rooibos Tea Bags, Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Rooibos Chai Tea, Organic, 4 oz. Starwest Botanicals: Rooibos Chai Tea Bags, Organic, 4 oz. Starwest Botanicals: Rooibos Chai Tea, Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Rooibos Chai Tea Bags, Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Choice Rooibos (Red Bush) With Vanilla Tea, 20 Tea Bags Starwest Botanicals: Yogi Chai Rooibos Tea, 16 Tea Bags Kalyx: Rooibos Tea, Organic Fair Trade, Caffeine Free, Eco Teas, 24 Tea Bags Kalyx: Rooibos Tea Bags, Certified Organic (Red Bush; Aspalathus linearis), Starwest Botanicals, Approximately 200 Bags, 1 lb. Kalyx: Rooibos Organic Tea (Red Mellow Bush), Numi Tea, Caffeine Free, 18 Tea Bags Kalyx: Rooibos Tea (Red Bush), Certified Organic, Frontier Natural Teas, 1 lb. Kalyx: Rooibos Herbal Tea (Red Bush), Stash Tea, 18 Tea Bags Kalyx: Vanilla Rooibos Herbal Tea, Equal Exchange, Organic, 20 Tea Bags HerbsPro: Rooibos Natural Red Tea, Organic-Kosher, African Red Tea Imports, 20 Bags HerbsPro: Rooibos Tea, Alvita Teas, 24 Bags HerbsPro: Rooibos Tea, Wisdom Herbs, 20 Bags HerbsPro: Rooibos Liquid Extract, African Red Tea Imports, 2 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Rooibos Tea, African Red Tea Imports, Value Pack, 40 Bags TakeHerb: Green Rooibos Sweet African Red, Numi, 18 Tea Bags TakeHerb: Rooibos Liquid Extract, African Red Tea, 2 oz. These merchants have a large selection of Rooibos teas of various flavor combinations and herbal blends.

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SYPHILIS SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS

Supplements and products for syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease that if left untreated, can cause nerve, brain, eye, heart and tissue damage.

ACIDOPHILUS & BIFIDUS PRODUCTS Acidophilus is effective in maintaining "good" bacteria in the body during antibiotic use. If taking antibiotics, include unsweetened or naturally sweetened yogurt in diet. Antibiotics will kill all bacteria, good and bad in the digestive tract. The active culure yogurt and acidophilus-bifidus supplements help replace the good bacteria needed for proper digestion. Starwest Botanicals: Acidophilus, 5 Billion Per Gram, 1 lb. Kalyx: Acidophilus & Bifidus, Lactose Free, Nature's Answer, 100 mg / 100 mg, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Acidophilus, Milk-Free, Schiff, 1 Billion CFU, 100 Caplets Kalyx: Acidophilus, Milk-Free, Schiff, 1 Billion CFU, 250 Caplets Kalyx: Acidophilus Probiotic, Natrol, 100 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: Acidophilus Probiotic, Natrol, 100 mg, 150 Caps Kalyx: Probiotic Acidophilus Liquid Culture, Strawberry, American Health, 16 fl. oz. Kalyx: Acidophilus Powder, Frontier Natural Bulk Herbs, 5 Billion CFU, 1/2 lb. Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Banana, American Health, 100 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Blueberry, American Health, 100 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Strawberry, American Health, 100 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: Acidophilus With Bifidus, Assorted Fruit Flavors, American Health, 120 Chewable Wafers Kalyx: BioBeads Probiotic Acidophilus, Natrol, 30 Beads Kalyx: BioBeads Probiotic Acidophilus, Natrol, 90 Beads HerbsPro: Probiotic Acidophilus With Citrus Pectin, American Health, 4 Billion Organisms, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Probiotic Acidophilus With Bifidus, American Health, Chewable Banana (Also Assorted Fruit & Strawberry), 100 Tabs HerbsPro: Acidophilus Chewable, American Health, Blueberry, 100 Wafers HerbsPro: Probiotic Acidophilus Culture Liquid, American Health, Banana (Blueberry, Strawberry & Plain), 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Acidophilus with Pectin, Vegetarian, Country Life, 250 Caps HerbsPro: Lactobacillus Acidophilus Powder (or Caps), Freeze-Dried, 10 Billion CFU, Eclectic Institute, 60 Gram HerbsPro: Papaya Lactobacillus Acidophilus (Probiotics) Liquid, Dairy Free, 100% Natural Organic, Dynamic Health Labs, 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Black Cherry Lactobacillus Acidophilus (Probiotics) Liquid, Dairy Free, Dynamic Health Labs, 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Apple Strawberry Lactobacillus Acidophilus (Probiotics) Liquid, Dairy Free, Dynamic Health Labs, 16 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Acidophilus Pearls, Enzymatic Therapy, Active Cultures, 90 Pearls HerbsPro: Longest Living Lactobacillus Acidophilus Plus Bifidus Blend, 1 Billion, Futurebiotics, 100 Caps HerbsPro: BioBeads Probiotic Acidophilus Complex, Natrol, 90 Beads HerbsPro: PB 8 Pro-Biotic Acidophilus, Vegetarian, Nutrition Now, 14 Billion, 120 VCaps HerbsPro: The Ultimate Acidophilus, ODonnell Formulas, 350 mg, 60 Caps House of Nutrition: Acidophilus & Bifidus, Natural Factors, 10-Billion Double Strength, 180 Caps House of Nutrition: Acidophilus, Now Foods, 2 Billion, 250 Caps TakeHerb: Stable Acidophilus, 3 Billion, NOW Foods, 180 Tabs TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Blueberry, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Strawberry, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Original Flavor, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Banana, American Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Apple Strawberry, Dynamic Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Acidophilus Culture Liquid, Black Cherry, Dynamic Health, 16 oz. TakeHerb: Kyo-Dophilus, One Per Day, Wakunaga, 30 Caps TakeHerb: Kyo-Dophilus Chewable, Wakunaga, 90 Tabs

SASSAFRAS SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS Sassafras has been used as a stimulant, diaphoretic, and alterative. When combined with guaiacum or sarsaparilla it helps treat chronic rheumatism, syphilis, and skin diseases such as eczema and acne. The oil is said to relieve the pain caused by menstrual obstructions. As a topical it can be used for rheumatic pains and has even been used as a dental disinfectant. Suggested Dosage or Use: Take 6-12 drops in liquid or under the tongue, 1-3 times/day. Warning: Sassafras could induce abortion; therefore, not to be used by pregnant women. Mountain Rose Herbs: Sassafras Bark & Powder, Wild Harvested Organic Bulk Herbs Mountain Rose Herbs: Sassafras Leaf, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Starwest Botanicals: Sassafras Root Bark, Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, 4 oz. Starwest Botanicals: Sassafras Root Bark, Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Sassafras Root Bark, Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, 4 oz. Kalyx: Sassafras, Herb Pharm, 1 oz. Kalyx: Sassafras Root Extract, Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Sassafras Root Extract, Health & Herbs, 8 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Sassafras Tea, Breezy Morning Teas, 20 Tea Bags HerbsPro: Sassafras Extract, Herb Pharm, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Sassafras Extract, Herb Pharm, 4 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Sassafras Extract (Sassafras officinale), 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Sassafras Extract, For Skin Disease & Blood Purifier, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Sassafras Root Bark, Cut & Sifted, Frontier Bulk Herbs, 1 lb.

SARSAPARILLA SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS Sarsaparilla is used for sexual impotence, rheumatism, and skin disorders such as acne, dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis. As a tonic, Sarsaparilla is used for physical weakness, for enhancing the male reproductive system, and it aids in relieving low mood and debility associated with menopause. Sarsaparilla is also a cleansing remedy for skin and joint problems. Suggested Dosage Use: Take 6-12 drops in liquid or under the tongue, 1-3 times/day. Mountain Rose Herbs: Sarsaparilla Root & Powder (Indian), Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Mountain Rose Herbs: Sarsaparilla Root (Jamaican), Wild Harvested Bulk Herbs Mountain Rose Herbs: Sarsaparilla Extract (Smilax omata) 1:4, Wild Harvested Herbal Extracts Starwest Botanicals: Sarsaparilla Root (Mexican), Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Sarsaparilla Root (Mexican), Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, 4 oz. Starwest Botanicals: Sarsaparilla Root Powder (Mexican), Wildcrafted, 4 oz. Starwest Botanicals: Sarsaparilla Root Powder (Mexican), Wildcrafted, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Sarsaparilla Root (Indian), Cut & Sifted, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Sarsaparilla Root (Indian), Cut & Sifted, Organic, 1 lb.. Starwest Botanicals: Sarsaparilla Root Powder (Indian), 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Sarsaparilla Root Powder (Indian), Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Sarsaparilla Root Powder (Jamaican), Wildcrafted, 1 lb. Kalyx: Sarsaparilla Root, Natures Way, 100 Caps Kalyx: Sarsaparilla Root, Natures Herbs, 100 Caps HerbsPro: Sarsaparilla Extract, Herb Pharm, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Sarsaparilla Extract, Alcohol Free, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Sarsaparilla Extract, Herb Pharm, 4 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Sarsaparilla, Natures Way, 425 mg, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: Sarsaparilla Root, Solaray, 450 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Sarsaparilla Root, Mexican Wildcrafted, Cut & Sifted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Sarsaparilla Root Powder, Mexican Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Sarsaparilla Root Extract, Sustains Healthy Phytoestrogen Levels, Natures Answer, 2 fl. oz.

VENEREAL DISEASE SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS

Supplements and products for venereal diseases (VD) (From Venus, Goddess of love in Roman mythology), sexually transmitted diseases (STD) that are passed on during sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with the sex organs. The two most common types of STDs are gonorrhea and syphilis. However there are many other STDs. They include chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinal, genital herpes, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, genital worts, AIDS., See specific sexually transmitted disease for specific descriptions and treatments.

ASTRAGALUS SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS Astragalus root is considered to have a normalizing effect on the body's functions. Astragalus is an important herb in Chinese medicine and is commonly included in Chinese cuisine. Mountain Rose Herbs: Astragalus Root, Powder, & Slices, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root, Cut & Sifted, Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root, Sliced, Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root Powder, Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root, Organic, 420 mg, 100 Caps Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root, Organic 420 mg, 500 Caps Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root Extract, Organic, 1 fl. oz. Starwest Botanicals: Astragalus Root Extract, Organic, 4 fl. oz. Starwest Botanicals: Echinacea Immune Support Tea, With Astragalus, Yogi Tea, 16 Tea Bags This tea is a superior blend of several species of organic Echinacea Root. This blend is also complimented with Astragalus, Elder Berry, organic Peppermint, organic Lemongrass, organic Cinnamon, organic Fennel, organic Spearmint and organic Rosehips. Kalyx: Astragalus Extract, Herbs For Kids, 1 fl. oz. Kalyx: Astragalus Extract (Astragalus membranaceus), Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Astragalus Extract (Astragalus membranaceus), Health & Herbs, 4 fl. oz. Kalyx: Astragalus Extract (Astragalus membranaceus), Health & Herbs, 8 fl. oz. Kalyx: Astragalus Immunity Herb Tea, Health KIng, 20 Tea Bags Kalyx: Astragalus Root Extract, Nature's Answer, 60 VCaps Kalyx: Astragalus Root (Astragalus membranaceus), 420 mg, 100 VCaps Kalyx: Astragalus Root (Astragalus membranaceus), 420 mg, 500 VCaps Kalyx: Astragalus Root Powder, Certified Organic, Frontier Bulk Herbs, 1 lb. HerbsPro: Astragalus Immunity Tea, Health King, 20 Tea Bags HerbsPro: Astragalus, Natures Way, 60 VCap HerbsPro: Astragalus Extract, Eclectic Institute, 1 fl. oz HerbsPro: Astragalus Extract, Alcohol Free, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Astragalus Extract, Eclectic Institute, 2 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Astragalus Root Extract, Alcohol-Free, Gaia Herb, 4 oz. House of Nutrition: Astragalus Root Extract, BlueBonnet, 400 mg, 120 VCaps House of Nutrition: Astragalus Root, Nature's Way, 470 mg, 180 VCaps TakeHerb: Organic Astragalus, Defense System Support, Oregon's Wild Harvest, 1 oz. TakeHerb: Astragalus Extract, Alcohol-Free, Herbs For Kids,, 1 oz. TakeHerb: Full Spectrum Astragalus Extract Liquid, Planetary Herbals, 2 oz. TakeHerb: Full Spectrum Astragalus Extract, Planetary Herbals, 500 mg, 120 Tabs TakeHerb: Astragalus, Nature's Way, Standardized, 3000 mg, 100 Caps

BUTCHERS BROOM SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS Butchers Broom is a laxative and diuretic and it is also used to improve circulation problems, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, arteriosclerosis, and blood clots. Mountain Rose Herbs: Butchers Broom Root & Powder, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Starwest Botanicals: Butchers Broom Root, Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Butchers Broom Root Powder, Wildcrafted, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Butchers Broom Root Powder, Organic, 1 lb. Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root, 10% Ruscogenins, 60 VCaps Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root, 10% Ruscogenins, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root, 10% Ruscogenins, 360 VCaps Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root, 10% Ruscogenins, 600 VCaps Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root Powder (Ruscus aculeatus), 1 lb. Kalyx: Butchers Broom Root, Cut & Sifted, Certified Organic (Ruscus aculeatus), 1 lb. HerbsPro: Butchers Broom Root, Natures Answer, 500 mg, 90 Caps HerbsPro: Butchers Broom, Single Herb, Dr. Christophers Formulas, 100 VCaps HerbsPro: Butchers Broom, Source Naturals, 500 mg, 100 Tabs HerbsPro: Butchers Broom, Source Naturals, 500 mg, 250 Tabs House of Nutrition: Butchers Broom Root, Natures Way, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: Butchers Broom Extract, Solaray, 100 mg, 60 Caps House of Nutrition: Butchers Broom, Now Foods, 500 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Butchers Broom Extract, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Butchers Broom Root, Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Butchers Broom Root, Organic, Cut & Sifted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Butchers Broom Root Powder, Wildcrafted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Circu Caps With Butchers Broom Rhizome Extract, Higher Dose, Sanhelios, 900 mg, 48 Caps TakeHerb: Trumans Edema Tea With Butchers Broom Extract, Health Herbs, 8 oz. TakeHerb: VariCare With Butchers Broom, Horse Chestnut, & Gotu Kola, Enzymatic Therapy, 90 Tabs TakeHerb: Herbal Leg Aid, Traditional Leg-Aid Formula, Butchers Broom Herbal Blend, Good'n Natural, 100 Caps

CATS CLAW PRODUCTS Cat's Claw is an exciting discovery from the Peruvian rainforest. Also called Una de Gato, Cat's Claw has been used for hundreds of years by the native Ashanica Indians. Studies conducted since the 1970s at research clinics in Peru, Austria, Germany, England, Hungary and Italy validate the traditional usage of Cat's Claw and indicate that this herb may be beneficial in ameliorating a host of modern day afflictions which have no answers from the orthodox medical arena. It is known to help nutritionally support the body's defenses, circulatory and gastrointestinal systems through its antioxidant and build properties. House of Nutrition: Cat's Claw, NOW Foods, 400 mg, 250 Caps TakeHerb: Cat's Claw, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 Caps TakeHerb: Cat's Claw 5000, NOW Foods, 60 Caps TakeHerb: Cat's Claw, Planetary Herbals, 750 mg, 90 Tabs TakeHerb: Cat's Claw, Solgar, 1000 mg, 90 Tabs TakeHerb: Cat's Claw Extract, Planetary Herbals, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Cat's Claw Extract, Planetary Herbals, 4 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Cat's Claw Defense Complex, Source Naturals, 120 Tabs TakeHerb: Cat's Claw Complete Complex, Planetary Herbals, 90 Tabs

CLOVE OIL PRODUCTS Clove oil, although primarily used in aromatherapy, can be used externally or internally for various uses. Clove bud oil is distilled from the flower buds and is imported from Indonesia. It has a spicy, fruity, warm and sweet aroma. Some traditional uses: for toothache, colds, flu and fungal infections, as a mosquito repellant, to relieve fatigue and melancholy, as an aphrodisiac. Clove bud oil should not be used on damaged or sensitive skin. Use in moderation. Mountain Rose Herbs: Clove Essential Oil, Certified Organic, 1/2 to 16 oz. Starwest Botanicals: Clove Bud Essential Oil, 1-2/3 fl. oz. Starwest Botanicals: Clove Bud Essential Oil, Organic, 4 fl. oz. Starwest Botanicals: Clove Bud Essential Oil, Organic, 16 fl. oz. Kalyx: Clove Bud Essential Oil, Certified Organic. 1/4 oz. Kalyx: Clove Bud Essential Oil, 1/3 oz. Kalyx: Clove Bud Essential Oil, 1/2 oz. Kalyx: Clove Essential Oil, 1 oz. Kalyx: Clove Bud Essential Oil, 4 oz. Kalyx: Clove Bud Essential Oil, 16 oz. HerbsPro: Clove Essential Oil, 100% Pure, Now Foods, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Clove Essential Oil, 100% Pure, Now Foods, 4 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Clove Oil, Now Foods, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Medicated Lip Balm With Clove Oil, Tube, Burts Bees, 0.15 oz. Tube TakeHerb: Medicated Lip Balm With Clove Oil, Blister Box, Burts Bees, 0.15 oz. Tube

CLOVE SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS Today in America Clove is used to treat worms, viruses, candida, and various bacterial and protozoan infections, but is most commonly used externally to treat toothache and mouth and throat inflammation and to slow macular degeneration. Cloves are used against parasites, flatulence, and nausea. Eating cloves is considered to be an aphrodisiac. Use as a dietary supplement or put directly on tooth for a toothache. Mountain Rose Herbs: Clove Whole & Powder, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Starwest Botanicals: Cloves Whole (Syzygium aromaticum), Organic, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Cloves Powder (Syzygium aromaticum), Organic, 1 lb. Kalyx: Cloves Whole, 500 grams (1.17 lb.) Kalyx: Cloves Granules, 100 grams (3.5 oz.) Kalyx: Cloves Powder, 1 lb. Kalyx: Cloves Powder, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Cloves Powder, 600 VCaps HerbsPro: Clove Extract, Eclectic Institute, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Clove Extract, Eclectic Institute, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Clove Extract, Herb Pharm, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Clove Extract, Herb Pharm, 4 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Clove Extract, Herb Pharm, Syzygium aromaticum, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Clove Extract, Antibacterial, Antiseptic, Carminative, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Cloves, Whole Organic, Frontier Bulk Herbs, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Cloves Powder, Organic, Frontier Bulk Herbs, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Bengal Spice Herb Tea, Caffeine Free Blend (Cinnamon, Ginger, Cardamom, & Cloves), Celestial Seasonings, 20 Bags TakeHerb: Cloves, Prevents Nausea, Oregon's Wild Harvest, 90 Caps

GRAPEFRUIT SEED EXTRACT PRODUCTS Grapefruit Seed Extract has been found to have a myriad of beneficial uses. It is truly one of the most amazing natural products ever discovered. Grapefruit Seed Extract, according to published sources, is effective against more than 800 bacterial and viral organisms, 100 strains of fungus, and a large number of single-cell and multi-celled parasites. Used topically as an antiseptic wound cleaner and to treat infections of the skin. Internally, the concentrate is useful as a supportive treatment for a wide variety of ailments, including Candida infections, sore throats, intestinal upset, etc. May also be used to purify drinking water when camping or traveling to foreign countries. It may be used as a surface disinfectant in place of commonly used cleaners like bleach or ammonia-based products. Works against viruses, bacteria, funguses, molds, parasites, e-coli, strep, staph, salmonella, and other disease-causing germs. Kalyx: Grapefruit Seed Non-Alcoholic Extract, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Grapefruit Seed Non-Alcoholic Extract, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Grapefruit Seed Extract, For Viruses, Bacteria, Fungus, Molds, Parasites, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Grapefruit Seed Standardized Concentrate, Provides Intestinal Health, Natures Way, 60 VCaps TakeHerb: Baby Bee Skin Cream With Grapefruit Seed Extract, Soothes & Protects, Burts Bees, 2 oz.

NEEM LEAF PRODUCTS Neem has traditionally been used to purify the blood, cleanse the liver and support the immune system. It is also commonly used for a variety of skin irritations and inflammations, and to support healthy blood glucose levels. The neem tree holds a great deal of promise for India as a wonder plant with many uses. The leaves have anbibacterial and antiviral properties, and are often used in cosmetic and skin treatment preparations. It is an effective insect repellant, and its astringent properties make it an excellent treatment for skin conditions ranging from acne to eczema. It is used to treat ringworm and other parasitic skin infections and promotes healing of wounds. Taken internally as neem leaf tea, there is evidence to support its use to treat malaria, infection, pneumonia, ulcers, gout, diabetes, hypertension and heart disease, and that's just the start of the long list of conditions and disorders that seem to respond to the regular use of neem leaf and its antibacterial and antiviral properties. Precautions - Not to be used while pregnant, and the oil should not be applied to broken or heavily abraded skin. Mountain Rose Herbs: Neem Leaf & Powder, Certified Organic Bulk Herbs Starwest Botanicals: Neem Leaf, Cut & Sifted, Organic Azadirachta indica, 1 lb. Starwest Botanicals: Auromere Vanilla Neem Soap, 2.75 oz. Starwest Botanicals: Auromere Lavender Neem Soap, 2.75 oz. Starwest Botanicals: Auromere Tulsi-Neem Soap, For Dry To Normal Skin, 2.75 oz. Kalyx: Neem Leaf, 60 VCaps Kalyx: Neem Leaf, 400 mg, 60 VCaps Kalyx: Neem Leaf, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Neem Leaf, 600 VCaps Kalyx: Neem Leaf Extract, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Ayurvedic Neem Balm, Auromere, 2 oz. The oil of the neem tree combined with several active ingredients contained in Auromere's Ayurvedic Neem Balm formula have been traditionally used by Ayurvedic specialists to treat a wide variety of problem skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, eczema, septic sores, burns, insect bites, athlete's foot, rashes, bruises, cuts, fungal infections, hemorrhoids, hives, inflammation, joint pain, muscle soreness, warts and skin ulcers. HerbsPro: Neem Skin Salve, Neemaura, 1 oz. NeemAura Salve utilizes organically grown Neem leaf. Neem is considered to be the miracle herb, with a history of use in the Ayurvedic tradition. HerbsPro: Neem Cream With Aloe Vera, Neemaura, 2 oz. NeemAura Neem Cream is a highly concentrated face and body cream. The organically grown neem leaf is extracted directly into the aloe vera base, together with other synergistic herbal components such as St. Johnswort, Chamomile, White Willow bark, Grape Seed, Arnica, Horse Chestnut, Thyme, Goldenseal, Barberry and Ivy Leaf extract. HerbsPro: Neem Leaf Extract, Regular Strength, Organic, Neemaura, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Neem Extract, Triple Potency, Organic, Neemaura, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Neem Leaf, Organic, Neemaura, 60 VCaps HerbsPro: Neem Leaves, Natures Way, 425 mg, 100 Caps House of Nutrition: Neem, Certified Organic, Banyan Trading, 500 mg, 90 Tabs House of Nutrition: Neem Leaf Powder, Certified Organic, Banyan Trading, 1 lb. House of Nutrition: Neem Hand & Body Lotion with Aloe Vera, Neem Aura, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Neem Leaf Powder, Wildcrafted, Neem Tea As Calmative & Immune Strengthener, Bazaar of India, 1/2 lb. TakeHerb: Neem Leaf Powder, Wildcrafted, Bazaar of India, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Neem Leaf, Cut & Sifted, Wildcrafted, Bazaar of India, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Neem (Azadirachta indica), Bazaar of India, 100 VCaps TakeHerb: Hyaluronic Acid Rejuvenating Hand & Body Lotion, Home Health, 8 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Psorzema, Natural Relief For Scaling, Flaking & Itching, Derma E, 4 oz. Derma E's Psorzema Psoriasis and Eczema Cream provides natural relief from symptoms of scaling, flaking, itching, irritated skin associated with Psoriasis and Eczema. This products is made with a safe adn effetive blend of herbal extracts and skin vitamins : Neem, Burdock, Vitamins A & E, and Bearberry, just to mention a few. Contains no coal or pine tars and no steroids. Softens and soothes dry, irritated, scaling skin in a pleasant moisturizing creme. TakeHerb: Neem & Turmeric Cleansing Bar, Himalaya, 4.41 oz. TakeHerb: Neem Plus 5 Shampoo, Auromere, 16 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Neem & Aloe Vera Shampoo, Auromere, 16 fl. oz. NEEM SEED OIL PRODUCTS A magnificent oil with numerous benefits for both therapeutic and medicinal use. Among other properties, this certified organic oil is antiseptic, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal. Used widely in creams, dental products, hair care products, and in gardens for natural pest control. Neem works as an effective insecticide against wool moths, ants, termites, fleas and sand fleas, as well as flying mosquitoes and their larvae. It is considered completely non-toxic to humans, pets and livestock. Can be applied directly to the skin or included within skin care preparations that are designed specifically to treat problematic skin conditions. This oil is exceptionally rich, contains a heavy odor, and may be diluted accordingly. Mountain Rose Herbs: Neem Seed Oil, Organic Carrier & Vegetable Oils Kalyx: Neem Seed Oil, 1 fl. oz. Kalyx: Neem Skin Salve, 1 oz. Kalyx: Neem Skin Tonic, 4 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Neem Seed Topical Oil, Neemaura, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Neem Oil, Now Foods, 1 fl oz. House of Nutrition: Neem Oil, Certified Organic, Banyan Trading, 4 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Neem Oil In Sesame Oil Base, Certified Organic, Banyan Trading, 32 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Neem Oil, Banyan Botanicals, 4 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Neem Oil, Banyan Botanicals, 32 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Neem Oil, Banyan Botanicals, 1 gallon TakeHerb: Ultra Sensitive Mint Soap, Normal To Oil Skin, NeemAura Naturals, 1 Bar TakeHerb: Ultra Sensitive Lavender & Oatmeal Soap, Normal To Dry Skin, NeemAura Naturals, 1 Bar TakeHerb: Ultra Sensitive Cornmeal & Honey Soap, Combo Skin, NeemAura Naturals, 1 Bar TakeHerb: Ultra Sensitive Refreshing Citrus Soap, All Skin Types, NeemAura, 1 Bar TakeHerb: Neem Fine Ayurvedic Soap, Banyan Botanicals, 4.5 oz. TakeHerb: Neem Soap, Antibacterial & Antifungal, Bazaar of India, 12 Pack

OREGANO OIL PRODUCTS Oregano is known as one nature's most powerful anti-fungal and anti-viral herbs. Its natural anti-septic properties make it excellent for killing off parasites and maintaining a healthy immune system. Historically, herbalists have recommended oregano to calm nausea and help digestion which made it doubly useful when seasoning foods. Today's research findings indicate that Oregano Oil is also a potent antioxidant, and acts with antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial properties. Mountain Rose Herbs: Oregano Essential Oil (Origanum vulgare), Certified Organic, 62 to 68% Carvacrol Starwest Botanicals: Oregano Essential Oil, 1/3 fl. oz. Starwest Botanicals: Oregano Essential Oil, Trinity, 1/3 fl. oz. Kalyx: Oregano Essential Oil, Certified Organic, 1/4 oz. Kalyx: Oregano Essential Oil, 1/3 fl. oz. Kalyx: Oregano Essential Oil, 4 fl. oz. Kalyx: Oregano Essential Oil, 16 fl. oz. Kalyx: Oregano Oil, Nutricology, 60 Softgels Pure essential oil of oregano derived from Thymus capitatus and other oraganum species, containing 65 percent carvacrol. Recent studies have shown that certain essential oils such as thyme, oregano and clove may possess properties that affect the balance of microbiology within the GI tract. Kalyx: Oregano Oil Extract, Thompson Nutritional, 150 mg, 60 Softgels For centuries Oregano has been used by folks as a natural protector. Now today Oil of Oregano is making headlines for its ability to fight unfriendly organisms that could invade the lungs and body. Oil of Oregano helps protect your body’s immune system naturally. The essential oil distilled from oregano contains varying amounts of thymol and carvacrol, compounds that can apparently inhibit the growth of fungi, worms, and possibly other organisms. In fact, some sources even recommend rubbing a drop or two of oregano oil into an area that is itching due to athlete's foot, a common condition caused by the Tinea versicolor fungus. Mild stomach-settling and cough-clearing qualities are attributed to oregano oil; they are likely due to the presence of thymol and carvacrol as well. Disease-fighting antioxidants have been identified in oregano, although it's not clear whether they appear in the oil as well as in the leaves and other above-ground parts of the plant. Oregano oil has been used as an antiseptic in hand cleansers and shampoos, and as a remedy for headaches when rubbed into the temples. Some nutritionally oriented doctors enlist oregano oil's antifungal actions to fight Candida overgrowth syndrome, a condition believed to be caused by an imbalance in the body's fungi and bacteria levels. Kalyx: Oregano Oil In Flaxseed Oil Base, Natures Way, 50 mg, 60 Caps Kalyx: Oregano Oil (Origanum vulgare) In Virgin Olive Oil Base, Thompson Nutritional, 150 mg, 60 Softgels Kalyx: Wild Oregano Oil (Origanum vulgare), California Natural, 90 Caps Nature's Antiseptic - Not the plant we use on pizza. Bacteria (including candida), parasites and fungi all fall prey to this natural antiseptic. California Natural Wild Oregano Oil contains 60 to 75 percent carvacol, a phenol that dominates the oil, which is the main active ingredient, as well as, over 50 compounds that possess antimicrobial actions. Ingredients: Wild Mediterranean Oregano Leaf (origanum vulgare). Kalyx: Wild Oregano Oil, California Natural, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Wild Oregano Oil (Origanum Vulgare), California Natural, 400 mg, 90 Caps HerbsPro: Oil Of Oregano, Alcohol Free Extract, Healthy Immune, Natures Answer, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Wellness Oil of Oregano, Source Naturals, 0.5 Oz HerbsPro: Oil Of Oregano (Oreganol-Super Strength), Immune System Support, North American Herb & Spice, 1 fl. oz. This is the triple strength oregano oil P73 a blend of edible species of wild oregano grown on natural mineral rich soils. This growing condition along with our dedication to a chemical and alcohol free extraction is the reason P73 Oreganol oil has a unique chemical profile, which is ideal for human consumption. This same oregano species can be grown elsewhere and not have the same effect of the P73, it is truly one of a kind. The Super Strength oil can be used either internally or topically. Safe for everyday use. HerbsPro: Oregano Oil, Olympian Labs, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Oregano Oil, Enteric Coated, Now Foods, 90 Softgels House of Nutrition: North American Herb & Spice Extra Strength Oil of Oregano, 1 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Gaia's Oil of Oregano, 120 Caps TakeHerb: SkinClenz, North American Herb & Spice, 1 fl. oz. Aromatic spices that are completely free of genetically modified organisms. SkinClenz contains grapeseed oil, oregano oil, bay leaf oil, lavender oil, and organic borage oil. SkinClenz can be applied topically on a daily basis and is the ideal natural topical rub. Externally used to cleanse and fortify the skin. Rub topically where needed. Apply to damp skin for best results. For large skin areas, combine 40 drops with a quarter cup of Olive Oil. Internally take 2 to 5 drops daily. TakeHerb: Wild Oregano Oil, Use Internally For Joint & Muscle Pain, Infections, Chronic Cough & Asthma, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Oregano Oil, Starwest Botanicals, 4 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Oregano Oil, Starwest Botanicals, 16 fl. oz.

PARASITES & SCABIES PRODUCTS The Scabies and Parasites Tincture-Extract can be used for both internal and external use to help rid the body of parasites, scabies, and ringworm. Kalyx: Parasites & Scabies Extract, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Parasites & Scabies Extract, 8 fl. oz. Kalyx: Parasites & Scabies Extract, 16 fl. oz. TakeHerb: Parasites & Scabies Extract, Internal & External Use, Health Herbs, 2 fl. oz. For both internal and external use to help rid the body of parasites, scabies, and ringworm. This can also be used for people and their pets. Use also for eczema, epilepsy, impetigo, parasites, psoriasis, ringworm, shingles, skin disorders, venereal disease, worms, and yeast infection.

PAU D'ARCO PRODUCTS Pau d'arco bark is a rich source of iron, which contributes to the elimination of wastes from the body and the assimilation of nutrients. It is a natural antibiotic and potentiates immune function. It is also a powerful antioxidant and is good for destroying candida in the colon. American herbalists use this herb to enhance liver function and to help lessen the effects of AIDS, allergies, cardiovascular problems, inflammatory bowel syndrome, rheumatism, tumors, and ulcers. The key ingredient in Pau D'Arco is lapachol. In the 1970s, studies of lapachol showed promise in destroying cancer cells; however, its use produced severe side effects such as blood-clotting abnormalities, anemia, and nausea, so further studies were abandoned. While high doses are not recommended for treating cancer, moderate amounts have been found to be very useful as an immune booster while fighting cancer, HIV, AIDS, bronchitis, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Pau D'Arco bark has also been used to treat fungal infections, yeast infections, smoker's cough, warts, and acne. The standard dosage for internal use is with products standardized to contain 2 to 7 percent lapachol, although an effective alternative is a product that contains 3 percent naphthoquinones. If using a tincture or liquid extract formulation as an external treatment, you may need to dilute it with a small amount of water or vegetable oil if skin becomes irritated. If skin irritation continues after dilution, discontinue use. If treating genital warts, dilution is necessary. If using as a tea, it is best to take with food to avoid stomach upset. If stomach upset continues, stop taking the herb altogether. This potent herb may pose health risks when taken internally for more than a week so it is suggested you use only for a week at a time. Mountain Rose Herbs: Pau D'Arco, Organic Bulk Herbs Kalyx: Pau D'Arco Tea, Traditional Medicinals, 16 Tea Bags Kalyx: Pau D'Arco, Thompson Nutritional, 510 mg, 60 Caps Kalyx: Pau D'Arco Bark Extract 4:1, Herbal Extracts Plus, 600 mg, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Pau D'Arco Bark, Starwest Botanicals, 500 mg, 100 Caps Kalyx: Pau D'Arco Bark, Wildcrafted, Cut & Sifted, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb Kalyx: Pau D'Arco Bark, Wildcrafted, Powder, Starwest Botanicals, 1 lb Kalyx: Pau D'Arco Inner Bark Extract, Nature's Answer, 1 fl. oz. Kalyx: Pau D'Arco Bark Extract, Starwest Botanicals, 1 fl. oz. Kalyx: Pau D'Arco Extract, Health & Herbs, 2 fl. oz. Kalyx: Pau D'Arco Bark Extract, Starwest Botanicals, 4 fl. oz. Kalyx: Pau D'Arco Extract, Health & Herbs, 8 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Pau D' Arco Extract, Cherry Flavored Glycoside Compound, Alcohol-Free, Eclectic Institute Inc, 1 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Pau D' Arco Extract, Cherry Flavored Glycoside Compound, Alcohol-Free, Eclectic Institute Inc, 2 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Pau D'Arco Glycerite Extract, Herb Pharm, 4 fl. oz. HerbsPro: Pau D Arco Herbal Tea, Hobe Labs, 54 Bags HerbsPro: Pau D'Arco Brazilian Herbal Tea, Alta Health Products, 24 Bags HerbsPro: Pau D'Arco Loose Tea, Wisdom Herbs, 3.5 oz. HerbsPro: Pau D'Arco Tea, Wisdom Herbs, 20 Bags House of Nutrition: Pau D'Arco Extract (Tabebuia impetiginosa), Herb Pharm, 8 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Pau D'Arco Bark Extract, Gaia Herb, 4 fl. oz. House of Nutrition: Pau D'Arco Tea, Ecological Formula, 24 Bags TakeHerb: Pau D'Arco, Nature's Way, 1010 mg (1.01 grams), 100 Caps TakeHerb: Pau D'Arco, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 250 Caps TakeHerb: Pau D'Arco Tea, Caffeine Free, Alvita Teas, 24 Bags TakeHerb: Pau D'Arco Herbal Tea, Wisdom Natural Brands, 25 Bags TakeHerb: Pau D'Arco Extract, NOW Foods, 2 fl. oz.

SAMENTO PRODUCTS Samento is the most powerful immune-enhancing herb and is beneficial in the treatment of a wide range of immune system related conditions. Samento is beneficial in supporting the treatment of a wide range of immune system related conditions; these include but are not limited to cancer, arthritis, bursitis, rheumatism, allergies, ulcers, systemic candidiasis, all forms of herpes, diabetes, lupus, chronic fatigue syndrome, intestinal disorders and HIV infection. Samento is a medicinal rainforest plant that has been used for many years by native Peruvians. Its properties include Immunomodulation, Antibacterial, Antimutagenic, Diuretic, Depurative, Hypotensive and Vermifuge. If using liquid extract, put 1 to 15 drops in a glass with 4 ounces of pure water and wait one minute before drinking. Start with one drop 2 times per day, slowly increasing up to 15 drops 2 times or as directed by your health care provider per day on an empty stomach. Do not use Samento if you are pregnant or nursing, or if you are an organ transplant recipient. TakeHerb: Samento, Nutramedix Health Herbs, Immune Enhancer, 600 mg, 30 Caps TakeHerb: Samento Extract, Nutramedix Health Herbs, Immune Enhancer, 1 oz.

THERACLEAR ANTIPARASITE FORMULA PRODUCTS A regular natural detoxification program including TheraClear Anti-Parasite Formula and a colon cleanser to promote proper elimination has been recommended by various naturopaths. Kalyx: Parasite Elimination, 60 VCaps Kalyx: Parasite Elimination, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Parasite Elimination, 360 VCaps Kalyx: Parasite Elimination Support, 60 VCaps Kalyx: Parasite Elimination Support, 90 VCaps Kalyx: Parasite Elimination Support, 360 VCaps TakeHerb: TheraClear Anti-Parasite Formula, Theramune Nutritionals, 120 Caps TheraClear is formulated with Black Seed herb, Black Walnut Hull, Cloves, Wormwood Extract, Peppermint Leaves, Grapefruit Seed Extract, and base herbs Fennel, Hyssop, Pumpkin Seed Meal, Genetian Root, and Thyme.

VIDANGA FRUIT PRODUCTS Certified Organic Vidanga Fruit Powder (Embelia Ribes) Considered one of the best Ayurvedic herbs for eliminating intestinal worms and other parasites. Ayurvedic Herbs Direct: Vidanga (Embelia ribes), Vadik Herbs, 100 VCaps Kalyx: Vidanga Leaf Powder (Embelia ribes), 120 VCaps Kalyx: Vidanga Leaf Powder (Embelia ribes), 8 oz. House of Nutrition: Banyan Trading Co's Vidanga Powder, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Vidanga, Organic, Banyan Botanicals, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Vidanga Herb Powder (Embelia ribes), Wildcrafted, Bazaar of India, 1 lb. TakeHerb: Vidanga (Embelia ribes), Bazaar of India, 100 VCaps

NOTIFY YOUR MIDWIFE OR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...

You or a family member has symptoms of syphilis or you feel you may have been exposed to syphilis and you need to be tested.

The following occur during or after treatment:

• Fever.
• Skin rash, sore throat or swelling in any joint, such as the ankle or knee.
• New, unexplained symptoms develop. Drugs used in treatment may produce side effects.
• You once had syphilis and have not had a medical check-up in the past year.
• You have had sexual contact with someone who has syphilis.

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MoonDragon's ObGyn Womens Health Information: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

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MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Manufacturers & Distributors

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HELPFUL PRODUCTS & FURTHER EDUCATION Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements -- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 2nd Edition Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements -- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 4th Edition Prescription for Herbal Healing: The A-To-Z Reference To Common Disorders -- by Phyllis A. Balch This is only a small sample of educational materials and products available through Amazon.com. Use the search box provided below to search for a particular item. If you see a suggested Amazon product "not there" as indicated by an orange box with the Amazon logo, this only means the specific product link has been changed by Amazon.com. Use the "click here" icon on the orange box and it will bring you to Amazon.com and you can do a search for a specific product using keywords and a new list of available products and prices will show. Their product and resource links are constantly changing and being upgraded. Many times there are more than one link to a specific product. Prices will vary between product distributors so it pays to shop around and do price comparisons. Educational materials and health products are available through Amazon.com. Use the search box provided below to search for a particular item.

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Mountain Rose Bulk Herbs
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Mountain Rose Aromatherapy Oils

Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils A-B Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils C-E Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils F-L Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils M-P Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils Q-Z Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils: Oil Blends & Resins Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils: Diffusers, Nebulizers, & Burners Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils: Oil Kits

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MoonDragon's Nutrition Information Index

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Nutrition Basics Index

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Therapy Index

MoonDragon's Nutrition Therapy Index

MoonDragon's Alternative Health Information Index

MoonDragon's Aromatherapy Information Index

MoonDragon's Health & Wellness Index

MoonDragon's ObGyn Womens Health Information Index by Subject Order

MoonDragon's ObGyn Womens Health Information Index by Alphabetical Order

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