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DESCRIPTION
When osteoporosis (the progressive disease where bone breakdown increases faster than bone formation) is diagnosed, a combination of treatment methods are available to stop or slow down the loss and help rebuild bones. Maintaining bone health is an important step in preventing bone fractures (especially of the hip and spine) and subsequent disability that often occurs in women over age 50.
Osteoporosis is a major public health threat for an estimated 44 million Americans, or 55 percent of the people 50 years of age and older. In the U.S., 10 million individuals are estimated to already have the disease and almost 34 million more are estimated to have low bone mass, placing them at increased risk for osteoporosis. Of the 10 million Americans estimated to have osteoporosis, eight million are women and two million are men. Significant risk has been reported in people of all ethnic backgrounds. While osteoporosis is often thought of as an older person's disease, it can strike at any age.
OSTEOPOROSIS PREVALENCE IN WOMEN
Eighty percent of those affected by osteoporosis are women.
Twenty percent of non-Hispanic white and Asian women aged 50 and older are estimated to have osteoporosis, and 52 percent are estimated to have low bone mass.
Five percent of non-Hispanic black women over age 50 are estimated to have osteoporosis; an estimated additional 35 percent have low bone mass that puts them at risk of developing osteoporosis.
Ten percent of Hispanic women aged 50 and older are estimated to have osteoporosis, and 49 percent are estimated to have low bone mass.
Osteoporosis is under-recognized and under-treated not only in Caucasian women, but in African-American women as well.
OSTEOPOROSIS PREVALENCE IN MEN
Twenty percent of those affected by osteoporosis are men.
Seven percent of non-Hispanic white and Asian men aged 50 and older are estimated to have osteoporosis, and 35 percent are estimated to have low bone mass.
Four percent of non-Hispanic black men aged 50 and older are estimated to have osteoporosis, and 19 percent are estimated to have low bone mass.
Three percent of Hispanic men aged 50 and older are estimated to have osteoporosis, and 23 percent are estimated to have low bone mass.
OSTEOPOROSIS-RELATED FRACTURES
One in two women and one in four men over age 50 will have an osteoporosis-related fracture in her/his remaining lifetime.
Osteoporosis is responsible for more than 1.5 million fractures annually, including: over 300,000 hip fractures; and approximately 700,000 vertebral fractures; 250,000 wrist fractures; and 300,000 fractures at other sites.
Hip fracture risk is increasing most rapidly among Hispanic women.
Women with a hip fracture are at a four-fold greater risk of a second one, and the risk factors are similar to those for the first hip fracture.
Osteoporotic fractures lower a patient's quality of life.
The most typical sites of fractures related to osteoporosis are the hip, spine, wrist and ribs, although the disease can affect any bone in the body. The rate of hip fractures is two to three times higher in women than men; however, the one year mortality following a hip fracture is nearly twice as high for men as for women. A woman's risk of hip fracture is equal to her combined risk of breast, uterine and ovarian cancer. In 2001, about 315,000 Americans age 45 and over were admitted to hospitals with hip fractures. Osteoporosis was the underlying cause of most of these injuries. An average of 24 percent of hip fracture patients aged 50 and over die in the year following their fracture. One in five of those who were ambulatory before their hip fracture requires long-term care afterward. At six months after a hip fracture, only 15 percent of hip fracture patients can walk across a room unaided. Not just hip fractures, but vertebral fractures are also linked with an increased risk of death. One in five hip fracture patients ends up in a nursing home, a situation that participants in one study described as less desirable than death. White women aged 65 or older have twice the incidence of fractures as African-American women.
OSTEOPOROSIS-RELATED COSTS
The estimated national direct care expenditures (including hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient services) for osteoporotic fractures is $18 billion per year in 2002 dollars, and costs are rising.
FRISK FORMULA FOR PREDICTING BONE FRACTURES
Sept. 26, 2006 - Australian researchers have come up with a mathematical formula to help predict bone fractures in women 60 and older. The formula, described in Radiology's October edition, factors in bone mineral density at the hip and spine, history of fractures and falls, and weight. Researchers included Margaret Joy Henry, BSc(Hons), PhD, at Australia's University of Melbourne. Henry's team calls the formula the FRISK (fracture risk) score. They created it by looking at 679 women age 60 and older. Participants included 231 women (average age: 74) who had minor bone fractures in the two years prior to the study. The other 448 women (average age: 72) had not had any bone fractures during that time. Both groups included women with normal bone mineral density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Osteopenia is bone mineral density that is lower than normal but not in the osteoporosis range. Osteoporosis is bone mineral density that's dangerously low, making fractures more likely. Henry's team plugged the women's weight, bone mineral density at the hip and spine, history of falls, and previous fractures into their formula to get a FRISK score. Then the researchers tracked the women's fractures for the next five to six years. During the first two years, the FRISK formula accurately predicted 75 percent of the women's fractures. The odds of having a new fracture were higher for women with low bone-mineral density, past fractures, and a history of falls. The findings about weight were a little more complex. Lighter women tend to have lower bone mineral density; heavier women often have higher density. And lighter women have been considered at greater risk for osteoporosis. But after taking bone-mineral density into account, lighter women were not at greater risk of fractures. That is, lighter women with strong bones were not especially likely to have fractures. In fact, adjusting for bone-mineral density showed that heavier women are at greater risk of fractures. Heavier weights apply more force to the skeleton during falls, the researchers note. The formula's accuracy faded as the years passed, possibly due to factors not included in the formula, write Henry and colleagues. The researchers are currently gauging fracture risk factors in men age 60 and older, according to a news release from the Radiological Society of North America, which publishes Radiology.
OSTEOPOROSIS RISK FACTORS
Certain people are more likely to develop osteoporosis than others. Factors that increase the likelihood of developing osteoporosis and fractures are called "risk factors." These risk factors include:
- Personal history of fracture after age 50.
- Current low bone mass.
- History of fracture in a 1 degree relative.
- Being female.
- Being thin and/or having a small frame.
- Advanced age.
- A family history of osteoporosis.
- Estrogen deficiency as a result of menopause, especially early or surgically induced.
- Abnormal absence of menstrual periods (amenorrhea).
- Anorexia nervosa.
- Low lifetime calcium intake.
- Vitamin D deficiency.
- Use of certain medications (corticosteroids, chemotherapy, anticonvulsants and others).
- Presence of certain chronic medical conditions.
- Low testosterone levels in men.
- An inactive lifestyle.
- Current cigarette smoking.
- Excessive use of alcohol.
- Being Caucasian or Asian, although African Americans and Hispanic Americans are at significant risk as well.
Women can lose up to 20 percent of their bone mass in the five to seven years following menopause, making them more susceptible to osteoporosis.
OSTEOPOROSIS DETECTION
Bone-density tests using machines called densitometers determine the presence or risk of osteoporosis (bone loss). These tests can show a bone loss of as little as one percent and indicate whether a woman's bones are healthy or that moderate to extensive bone loss exists. These specialized tests called bone mineral density (BMD) tests can measure bone density in various sites of the body. A BMD test can:
- Detect osteoporosis before a fracture occurs.
- Predict chances of fracturing in the future.
- Determine rate of bone loss and/or monitor the effects of treatment if a DXA BMD test is conducted at intervals of one year or more.
Medicare reimburses for BMD testing every two years.
An increase in BMD testing and osteoporosis treatment was associated with a decrease in hip fracture incidence. Bone density is an important determinant of fracture risk even in nursing home patients. There has been a five-fold increase in office visits for osteoporosis (from 1.3 to 6.3 million) in the past 10 years.
MEDICATION
Although there is no cure for osteoporosis, the following medications are approved by the FDA for post-menopausal women to prevent and/or treat osteoporosis:
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) consisting of estrogen plus a progestin or estrogen alone is currently recommended (to prevent and treat osteoporosis) for all post-menopausal women unless contraindications exist or the medication is not tolerated. HRT also offers other health factors, as well (such as protection against heart problems and some cancers). For most women the benefits of hormonal replacement may outweigh the possibility of any risks. For best results, the therapy should be started right after menopause and continue indefinitely. However, HRT has some serious risk factors involved with it. A woman should do extensive research about HRT before using this therapy.
Estrogen/Hormone Therapy:
- Estrogens (brand names, such as Climara, Estrace, Estraderm, Estratab, Ogen, Ortho-Est, Premarin, Vivelle and others).
- Estrogens and Progestins (brand names, such as Activella, FemHrt, Premphase, Prempro and others).
- Parathyroid Hormone - Teriparatide (PTH (1-34) (brand name Fortéo).
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs):
- Raloxifene (brand name Evista)
MoonDragon's Menopause Information: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
Bisphosphonates:
Ibandronate (brand name Boniva). December 2004, Roche and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) announced the submission of a new drug application (NDA) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a novel intravenous (IV) injection formulation of its bisphosphonate Boniva (ibandronate sodium) for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. The proposed IV injection regimen is 3 mg administered once every three months. Bisphosphonates, the most frequently prescribed medicines for treating osteoporosis, currently are available only in once-daily or once-weekly oral dosing formulations. Boniva Injection is expected to be the first IV bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis, and may be a helpful alternative for health care providers who want greater control in administering bisphosphonate therapy. Boniva Injection may offer a new option for patients who experience gastrointestinal side effects with oral bisphosphonates, or are unable to comply with oral bisphosphonate dosing guidelines. FDA approved a once-daily oral formulation of Boniva in May 2003, but Roche and GSK have been exploring less frequent oral dosing regimens, as well as the IV formulation, before marketing Boniva. In May 2004, a supplemental NDA was filed with FDA for a once-monthly oral dosing formulation of Boniva, which may offer added convenience for patients compared to the daily and weekly oral bisphosphonates currently available.
The Boniva Injection should not be administered to patients with hypocalcemia. The most common side effects observed in clinical trials were bone, muscle or joint pain; flu-like illness; and headache.
Boniva Once-Daily Oral Tablets (2.5 mg once-daily) is indicated for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. In post-menopausal women with osteoporosis, Boniva increases bone mineral density and reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures. Boniva also may be considered for post-menopausal women who are at risk for developing osteoporosis and for whom the desired clinical outcome is to maintain bone mass and reduce the risk of vertebral fracture. Boniva Tablets are contraindicated in patients unable to stand or sit upright for at least 60 minutes, patients with hypersensitivity to any component of this product, and patients with uncorrected hypocalcemia. Boniva, like other bisphosphonates administered orally, may cause upper gastrointestinal disorders such as dysphagia, esophagitis and esophageal or gastric ulcer.
Alendronate and alendronate plus vitamin D (brand name Fosamax and Fosamax plus D) - Alendronate (brand name, Fosamax), a non-hormonal drug, that slows down the loss of bone tissue and increases bone mass in women with osteoporosis. Alendronate is approved as a treatment for osteoporosis in men and is approved for treatment of glucocorticoid (steroid)-induced osteoporosis in men and women. Take it in the morning at least 30 to 60 minutes before eating. The tablet is swallowed with a full glass of water (6 to 8 ounces). To help the medicine reach the stomach faster and to prevent throat irritation, don't lie down for 30 minutes after taking it. Any other medications should be taken at least 30 minutes after taking alendronate. Side effects may include stomach pain, muscle or joint pain, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Long-term safety has not been established and medical studies are continuing. For information about injuries and side effects associated with Fosamax, see the following link:
Risedronate and risedronate with calcium (brand name Actonel and Actonel with Calcium). Risedronate is approved for prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in men and women.
Parathyroid hormone is approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in men who are at high risk of fracture.
Calcitonin (brand name Miacalcin), a treatment for post-menopausal osteoporosis. The exact mechanism of how it works is not fully understood. It slows down the loss of bone tissue and increases bone mass in women with osteoporosis. It comes in the form of a nasal spray. Use one spray per day in a nostril, alternating nostrils daily. Follow directions on the label about activating and using the pump supplied with the medication. A skin test may be performed before beginning treatment with calcitonin. Side effects can include nasal symptoms (irritation, dryness, stuffiness or runny nose, and others).
Other drugs undergoing testing with approved pending:
- Slow release sodium fluoride, a mineral encapsulated in a wax tablet. In medical studies, this drug therapy appears to slow down bone loss and to help build bone. In the past, high doses of sodium fluoride have caused some unwanted side effects, but this slow release formula appears to avoid them. Once approved, women taking this drug will need to have an annual blood test to check levels of fluoride to be sure it remains under toxic levels.
- Calcitriol, a hormone drug, helps with the absorption of calcium and slows bone loss. It is used in many other countries for osteoporosis, but has not been approved for this disorder in the United States. It can cause kidney stones when taken in high doses. It is approved and used for the treatment of a bone disorder caused by kidney dialysis.
- Other agents are under active investigation for the treatment of osteoporosis. Some of these are new drugs and others are existing drugs approved for other purposes, but which also may help bone loss.
ACTIVITY & EXERCISE
Stay active, but avoid the risk of falls. Exercise is important, especially weight-bearing exercise, such as walking or running to maintain bone strength. Take extra care when the ground is wet or icy.
Physical exercise is important in developing and maintaining bone strength. Exercise also aids in strengthening back muscles, improves flexibility and mobility (which can reduce the risk of falls and bone fractures), and helps one's sense of well-being.
A basic exercise routine should consist of 30 minutes of aerobic activity and weight bearing activity at least 3 times a week and more often if possible. Brisk walking is a good aerobic activity. Lifting weights is a weight bearing activity. There is no one exercise program that suits everyone. Choose one that you will follow regularly and faithfully.
EXERCISE RECOMMENDATIONS
Keep active, and exercise regularly. A lack of exercise can result in the loss of calcium, but this can be reversed with sensible exercise. Walking is probably the best exercise for maintaining bone mass.
Walking a mile a day will help to prevent chemical buildup of by-products resulting from increased hormonal activity of pregnancy. If these are allowed to build up in the body, morning sickness can occur.
DIET
Eat a healthful diet (osteoporosis diet) that follows the adult diet guidelines established by the U.S. Government. Your health care provider may recommend dietary restrictions for salt, fat, animal protein, alcohol, caffeine or other substances depending upon individual circumstances.
It is important to balance what you eat with physical activity. If your weight is not in the healthiest range, try to reduce health risks through better eating and exercise habits. Walking at least a mile a day is a good form of low stress exercise.
HERBAL, NUTRITIONAL & HOLISTIC RECOMMENDATIONS
While calcium supplementation is important in dealing with osteoporosis, there are other considerations as well. The correct balance of magnesium, boron, potassium, folic acid, and vitamins C, D, E, and K, all play vital roles in battling osteoporosis, as does protein. There is some debate on the subject of osteoporosis and dietary protein. Some research has indicated that consuming large quantities of protein may cause an acid imbalance in the body, which the body attempts to counteract by releasing minerals from the bone - including calcium. A contrary point of view holds that protein consumption increases the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), which is responsible for maintaining muscle and bone strength.
HERBAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS
Feverfew is good for pain relief and acts as an anti-inflammatory. Caution: Do not use feverfew during pregnancy.
Herbal Remedies: MygraFew, Feverfew Extract, High Parthenolide, Nature's Way, 30 mg, 90 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Feverfew Leaves, Nature's Way, 380 mg, 180 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Feverfew Extract, Natural Headache Remedy, Standardized, Nature's Way, 325 mg, 60 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Feverfew Supplement Tincture, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Feverfew Supplements & Products
Alfalfa, Barley Grass, Black Cohosh, Boneset, Dandelion Root, Nettle, Parsley, Poke Root, Rosehips, and Yucca help to build strong bones. Caution: Do not use boneset on a daily basis for more than one week, as long term use can lead to toxicity.
Herbal Remedies: Alfa Max, Alfalfa Extract, Nature's Way, 525 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Alfalfa Powder, Whole Food Supplement, NOW Foods, 1 lb.
Herbal Remedies: Alfalfa Leaves, Nature's Way, 405 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Alfalfa, NOW Foods, 650 mg, 500 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Chlorophyll With Alfalfa Powder, NOW Foods, 100 mg, 90 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Alfalfa Leaf Root Powder (Medicago Sativa), 4 oz. Bulk
Herbal Remedies: Alfalco Alfalfa Tonic, Homeopathic, Boericke & Tafel (B&T), 8 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Alfalfa Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Barley Grass Powder, Whole Leaf Bulk, Nature's Way, 100% Pure, 9 oz.
Herbal Remedies: Barley Grass Powder, 100% Organic, Vegetarian, NOW Foods, 2 lbs.
Herbal Remedies: Kyo Green Barley Grass Supplement, Energy Powdered Drink Mix, Vegetarian, Kyolic, 10 oz.
Herbal Remedies: Barley Grass Greens, Gluten Free, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Barley Grass, Certified Organic, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 250 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Barley Grass Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Black Cohosh Extract, Standardized, Nature's Way, 40 mg, 60 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Black Cohosh & Red Clover, NOW Foods, 40 mg / 225 mg, 60 VCaps
Herbal Remedies: Black Cohosh Extract, Standardized, Nature's Way, 40 mg, 120 VCaps
Herbal Remedies: Black Cohosh Root, Nature's Way, 540 mg, 180 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Black Cohosh Powder (Cimicifuga Racemosa), 4 oz. Bulk
Herbal Remedies: Black Cohosh Supplement Tincture, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Black Cohosh Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Boneset Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Dandelion Tea, Organic, NOW Foods, 30 Tea Bags
Herbal Remedies: Dandelion Root, Vegetarian Supplement, Nature's Way, 540 mg, 180 VCaps
Herbal Remedies: Dandelion Root Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Dandelion Root Powder (Taraxacum Officinale), 4 oz. Bulk
Herbal Remedies: Dandelion Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Nettle Herb, Nature's Way, 435 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Nettle Leaf Powder (Urtica Dioica), 4 oz. Bulk
Herbal Remedies: Nettle Tincture, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Nettles Extract Tincture, Herbal Remedies USA, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Nettle Leaf Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Parsley Leaf Herb, Nature's Way, 450 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Garlic & Parsley Supplement, Nature's Way, 545 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Parsley Detox Drops, 1 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Parsley Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Poke Root Extract Herb Tincture, Herbal Remedies USA, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Poke Root Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Rose Hips Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Yucca Stalk, All Natural, 490 mg, 180 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Yucca Supplements & Products
Horsetail and Oat Straw contain silica, which helps the body to absorb calcium.
Herbal Remedies: Horsetail Herb Grass, Nature's Way, 440 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Horsetail Supplement Tincture, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Silica Complex Supplement, 8% Extract, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 90 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Horsetail Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Oatstraw Supplements & Products
Calcium-rich herbs include Nettle, Sage, Chickweed, Red Clover, Comfrey Leaf, Red Raspberry Leaf, and Oatstraw. A tasty infusion of any one or a combination of these herbs every day should be taken. Count a large cup of infusion as 250-300 mg calcium. Add a pinch of Horsetail to the brew and increase calcium by 10 percent.
Herbal Remedies: Nettle Leaf Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Sage Tea, Caffeine Free, Alvita Tea, 24 Bags
Herbal Remedies: Sage Tincture, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Sage Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Chickweed Supplement, NOW Foods, 400 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Chickweed Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Red Clover Herb, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Red Clover Herb Powder (Trifolium Pratense), 4 oz. Bulk
Herbal Remedies: Red Clover Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Red Clover Tea, Caffeine Free, Alvita Tea, 30 Bags
Herbal Remedies: Red Clover & Black Cohosh, NOW Foods, 225 mg / 40 mg, 60 VCaps
Herbal Remedies: Red Clover With Prickly Ash Bark, Nature's Way, 460 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Red Clover Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Comfrey Extract Tincture, Herbal Remedies USA, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Comfrey Leaf Tincture, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Comfrey Leaf Herb Skin Poultice, 2.5 oz., With Poultice Mixer, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Comfrey Leaf Powder, 4 oz. Bulk
Herbal Remedies: Comfrey Leaf Ointment, Nature's Way, 2 oz.
Herbal Remedies: Comfrey Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Red Raspberry Leaves, Nature's Way, 480 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Raspberry Leaf Tea, Women's Female Support, Yogi Tea, 16 Tea Bags
Herbal Remedies: Red Raspberry Tea, NOW Foods, 30 Tea Bags
Herbal Remedies: Red Raspberry Supplement Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Red Raspberry Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Horsetail Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Oatstraw Supplements & Products
MOONDRAGON'S PREGNANCY TEA
If you are pregnant, a combination of Nettle, Red Raspberry Leaf and Alfalfa is a good woman's "tonic" tea to take throughout pregnancy. This not only good for calcium, but adds iron and several minerals and vitamins to the pregnancy diet. If you add a little Peppermint Leaf with this brew, it adds a nice flavor and the Peppermint aids in digestion and morning sickness prevention.
Herbal Remedies: Peppermint Leaf Powder (Mentha X Piperita), 4 oz. Bulk
Herbal Remedies: Peppermint Oil, 100% Pure Essential Oil, NOW Foods, 4 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Heather's Tummy Tea, Organic Peppermint, Heather's Tummy Care, 36 Tea Bags
Herbal Remedies: Pepogest Peppermint Oil, Enteric Coated, Nature's Way, 0.2 ml, 60 Softgels
Herbal Remedies: Peppermint Stomach Soother Tea, Yogi Tea, Caffeine Free, Certified Organic, 16 Tea Bags
Herbal Remedies: Peppermint / Mint / Menthol Supplements & Products
BENEFICIAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS
Calcium is essential for development of normal bone. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for calcium is 1000 mg each day. Many health experts believe women over age 40 need 1000 to 1500 mg daily. This amount is achieved with diet or supplements or both. Sufficient calcium intake is necessary in addition to any type of prescription medication that may be taken for bone loss.
Herbal Remedies: Liquid Calcium & Magnesium, Almond Flavor, 16 fl. oz.
Take 1-2 Tablespoons Daily. 1 tablespoon = 1200 mg calcium / 600 mg magnesium plus other trace minerals.
Herbal Remedies: Calcium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 700 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Calcium Complex Bone Formula, Nature's Way, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Bone Calcium, Now Foods, 120 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Calcium Gluconate Powder, Now Foods, 100% Pure, 7 oz.
Herbal Remedies: Calcium Carbonate Powder, Now Foods, 12 oz.
Herbal Remedies: Coral Calcium (Okinawa), Organic, NOW Foods, 1000 mg, 100 VCaps
Herbal Remedies: Liquid Coral Calcium With ConcenTrace, Orange Vanilla, Trace Minerals, 1000 mg, 32 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Calcium Supplements & Products
Vitamin D is also necessary for maintaining bone density. It is often difficult to get sufficient vitamin D in unfortified foods or sunlight exposure. Daily supplementation of 400 to 800 international units (IU) is usually recommended for post-menopausal women.
Herbal Remedies: Dry Vitamin A & D, Nature's Way, 15,000 / 400 IU, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Dry Vitamin D, Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 400 IU, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Vitamin D, NOW Foods, 2000 IU, 120 Softgels
Herbal Remedies: Vitamin D, NOW Foods, 1000 IU, 180 Softgels
Herbal Remedies: Vitamin D Supplements & Products
Magnesium helps calcium to be absorbed. It should be taken with calcium at a 2;1 ratio. For 1,000 mg of calcium, 500 mg of magnesium should also be taken, for 1,500 mg calcium, 750 mg of magnesium is required. Look for quality supplements that provide this 2 to 1 ratio. Herbal Remedies: Magnesium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, Magnesium Water, 350 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Magnesium Chloride Liquid, Allergy Research Group / Nutricology, 8 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Magnesium & Calcium Complex, NOW Foods, 250 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Ionic Magnesium, Trace Minerals, 400 mg, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Cal-Mag Pre-chelated Calcium & Magnesium, Vital Earth, 240 GelCaps
Herbal Remedies: Cal-Mag Liquid, Vital Earth, 32 oz.
Herbal Remedies: Magnesium Citrate Complex, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Magnesium Citrate, 100% Pure, Vegetarian, NOW Foods, 200 mg, 250 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Magnesium Citrate Powder, 100% Pure, Now Foods Vegetarian, 8 oz.
Dosage 1 teaspoon with meals or in juices, 1 teaspoon = 450 mg magnesium.
Herbal Remedies: Calcium Complex Bone Formula, Nature's Way, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Magnesium Supplements & Products
Boron improves calcium absorption. Raisins and onions are good food sources of boron.
Herbal Remedies: Boron Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 20 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Ionic Boron, Single Mineral, Trace Minerals, 6 mg, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: OsteoBoron Bone & Joint Health, With 400 mg Green Food Concentrates, NOW Foods, 90 VCaps
Herbal Remedies: Tri-Boron Plus, With Magnesium, Vitamin D, & Co-Factors, TwinLab, 240 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Boron Supplements & Products
Silicon enhances calcium utilization and strengthens bones.
Herbal Remedies: Original Silica Gel Capsule, Nature's Way, 90 VCaps
Herbal Remedies: Cellfood Silica Liquid Drops, CellFood, 4 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Silica Complex, 8% Extract, Silica Supplement, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 90 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Horsetail Herb Grass, Nature's Way, 440 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Silica Supplements & Products
Soy Isoflavones works like estrogen in the body.
Herbal Remedies: Soy Isoflavones, With Digestive Enzymes, NON-GMO, SoyLife, 500 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Soy Isoflavones Extract, Standardized, 100 mg, 60 Caps
Herbal Remedies: EstroSoy Plus Black Cohosh Supplement, Nature's Way, 355 mg, 60 Caps
Herbal Remedies: EstroSoy, Fermented Soy Extract, Nature's Way, 335 mg, 60 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Soy Protein Isolate Powder, 1 lb.
Herbal Remedies: Menopause Support, 90 Caps
Glucosamine and Chondroitin are needed for bone development.
Herbal Remedies: Glucosamine Hydrochloride, Sodium Free, Nature's Way, 375 mg, 80 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Gluco Matrix, Organic, 98% Bio-Available For Absorption, 32 fl oz.
Herbal Remedies: Liquid Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM, Joint Support Supplement, Trace Minerals, 32 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Glucosamine Chondroitin Liquid w/ Lignisol MSM, Now Foods, 16 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Glucosamine & Chondroitin Sulfate, Extra Strength, NOW Foods, 60 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Ultra Joint Health With Glucosamine & Chondroitin, 750 mg/600 mg, 10.2 ml Vial, 30 Vials
Herbal Remedies: Glucosamine Chondroitin Herbal Pad, 30/24 hour Maximum Strength Self-Adhering Pads
Herbal Remedies: Glucosamine Sulfate Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Chondroitin Sulfate Supplements & Products
Vitamin K is essential for the production of bone protein.
Herbal Remedies: Full Spectrum Vitamin K, Allergy Research Group / Nutricology, 90 Softgels
Herbal Remedies: Alfalfa, NOW Foods, 650 mg, 500 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Vitamin K Supplements & Products
DIETARY & NUTRITION RECOMMENDATIONS
Cooked greens provide abundant, highly suable calcium. One cup of cooked broccoli, kale, turnip greens, or mustard greens contains about 200 mg of calcium. One cup of cooked collard greens, wild onions, lamb's quarter, or amaranth greens, about 400 mg calcium.
Take at least a tablespoon of "Old Sour Puss Mineral Mix (from Susun Weed's "Wise Woman Ways Menopausal Years") daily; it supplies 200-300 mg calcium. If you add a tablespoon of blackstrap molasses, the calcium leaps to 350-400 mg.
Eat plenty of foods that are high in calcium and vitamin D. Good sources of easily assimilable calcium include broccoli, chestnuts, clams, dandelion greens, most dark green leafy vegetable (see above), flounder, hazelnuts, kelp, kale, molasses, oats, oysters, salmon, sardines (with the bones), sea vegetables, sesame seeds, shrimp, soybeans, tahini (sesame butter), tofu, turnip greens, and wheat germ.
Herbal Remedies: Wheat Germ Oil, Expeller Pressed, Vegetarian, NOW Foods, 16 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Wheat Germ Oil, 20 Minims, NOW Foods, 100 Gels
Consume whole grains and calcium foods at different times. Whole grains contain a substance that binds with calcium and prevents its uptake. Take calcium at bedtime when it is best absorbed and also aids in sleeping.
Include garlic and onions in the diet, as well as eggs (if your cholesterol level is not too high). These foods contain sulfur, which is needed for healthy bones.
If you are a menopausal or post-menopausal woman with osteoporosis, include plenty of soy products in your diet. Soy is rich in phytoestrogens, which may, to some extent, substitute for your body's own estrogen if it is manufacturing too little. The latter effect is very important for osteoporosis. Estrogen depletion is strongly associated with osteoporosis.
Herbal Remedies: Soy Protein, Unflavored, NOW Foods, 1 lb.
Limit your intake of almonds, asparagus, beet greens, cashews, chard, rhubarb, and spinach. These foods are high in oxalic acid, which inhibits calcium absorption.
Avoid phosphate-containing drinks and foods such as soft drinks, high-protein animal foods, and alcohol. Avoid smoking, sugar, and salt. Limit your consumption of citrus fruits and tomatoes; these foods may inhibit calcium intake.
Dried fruit is a fairly good place to look for calcium. There's 65 mg in 3 small figs, a handful of raisins, 4 dates or 8 prunes.
Corn tortillas are an excellent source of calcium since they are made with lime, which is a form of calcium. Two tortillas supply 120 mg. of calcium.
If you are over 55 years of age, include a calcium lactate (if you are not allergic to milk) or calcium phosphate supplement in your daily regimen, and take hydrochloric acid (HCl) supplements. In order for calcium to be absorbed, there must be adequate supply of vitamin D as well as sufficient HCl in the stomach. Older people often lack sufficient stomach acid.
Herbal Remedies: Calcium Lactate, TwinLab, 100 mg, 100 Caps
If you are taking thyroid hormone or an anti-coagulant drug, increase the amount of calcium you take by 25 to 50 percent.
Avoid yeast products. Yeast is high in phosphorus, which competes with calcium for absorption by the body.
Vitamin K, found in dark green vegetables like cooked greens, spinach, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, and some lettuce, retards bone loss.
If you take a diuretic, consult your health care provider or nutritionist before beginning calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Thiazide-type diuretics increase blood calcium levels, and complications may result if these drugs are taken in conjunction with calcium and vitamin D supplements. Other types of diuretics increase calcium requirements, however.
Eat a well balanced diet high in protein, calcium and vitamin D or a reducing diet if you are overweight.
NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS
The dosages given below are for adults.
OSTEOPOROSIS SUPPLEMENTAL PRODUCTS
Information, products and supplements for osteoporosis, a progressive disease in which the bones gradually weaken, resulting in poor posture and brittle bones that are prone to fracture (breaks).
Arth-X Platinum - Natural Arthritis Supplement for Bone and Joint Pain and Stiffness, 90 tabs, Trace Minerals
Arth-X Platinum is the most complete and effective dietary supplement and may be a good Natural Arthritis Treatment for you to support and aid in the relief of bone and joint pain and stiffness.Barlean's Fishery's Oil, Fresh Catch Cod Liver Oil, 8 fl. oz.
Barlean's Fishery brings you Fresh Catch Cod Liver Oil, a pure and pristine source of molecularly distilled cod liver oil ideal for those who seek a naturally occurring, well-balanced ratio of EPA, DHA and vitamins A & D.Barlean's Fish Oil Capsule - Omega - 3 EPA / DHA, 250 Softgels
Barlean's Fish Oil Capsule's signature formula is ideal for people who are seeking the absolute highest quality fish oil at the best value.Barlean's Organic Oil Fresh Catch Fish Oil EPA - DHA Concentrate, 60 Softgels
Fresh Catch Barlean's Organic Oil Super High Potency EPA - DHA is a pure and pristine source of fish oil providing highly concentrated EPA Omega-3 to support cardiovascular, joint, immune and colon health for your vibrant health and energy.Barlean's Organic Oils, Premium Potency DHA Omega-3, 90 Softgels
Barlean's Organic Oils provides Fresh Catch® Super Potency DHA, a pure and pristine source of molecularly distilled, fish oil providing highly concentrated DHA omega-3 to support memory, cognition and emotional well-being for your vibrant health and energy.Barlean's Organic Oil, Super High Potency Omega-3 EPA, 60 Softgels
Fresh Catch Barlean's Organic Oil Super High Potency EPA is a pure and pristine source of fish oil providing highly concentrated EPA Omega-3 to support cardiovascular, joint, immune and colon health for your vibrant health and energy.Boron Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 20 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
WaterOz Ionic Boron is a pure liquid Boron supplement. WaterOz Ionic Boron is pure liquid Boron. Boron is essential to bone metabolism and calcification of bones, and helps prevent osteoporosis, arthritis, and tooth decay. Boron is necessary for cartilage formation and repair; it affects calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels. Memory and brain function can be improved with boronCalcium Complex Bone Formula Nature's Way, 100 Caps
Calcium, Magnesium, and other minerals help maintain normal structure and development of bones. Studies have shown that calcium supplementation may help to maintain normal bone density among women as they age.Calcium Gluconate Powder, NOW Foods, 100% Pure, 7 oz.
Calcium - naturally occurring in some foods - is a mineral that is necessary for bone maintenance and formation and many other normal functions of the body and calcium can also aid in the removal of other minerals from the body.Calcium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 700 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
WaterOz Ionic Calcium is a pure liquid Calcium supplement. Calcium is one of the most essential of the major biochemical elements needed in human nutrition. It is needed in every organ of the body, including the brain. Calcium is called the "knitter" because it promotes healing or knitting everywhere in the body. It is valuable for tone, power, strength, longevity, vitality, and endurance, healing of wounds, counter-acting acids, and helping regulate metabolism.Cervical Traction System, 5 lb. Weight
An effective, affordable and convenient way to help restore proper cervical curve.Cervical Traction System, 3 lb. Weight
An effective, affordable and convenient way to help restore proper cervical curve.Coral Calcium (Okinawa) Plus w/ Magnesium & Vitamin D, 100% Natural, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 Vcaps
Okinawa Coral Calcium Plus with Magnesium, Vitamin D and 70 other trace minerals provides essential minerals, restores body alkalinity, supports the immune system, and is bio available for better absorption.EstroSoy Plus Black Cohosh, Nature's Way, 355 mg, 60 Caps
EstroSoy Plus relieves hot flashes and night sweats, supports breast health, and promotes healthy bones by helping the body retain calcium. Soy, which contains natural phytoestrogens called isoflavones, has been clinically proven to ease hormonal transition. Women with a soy-rich diet report lower incidence of hot flashes and other menopause symptoms.Female Estrogen with Progesterone Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Female Estrogen With Progesterone formula is used mainly to promote hormonal balance. It does not contain hormones, however.Foam Roll, 13 5/8" x 3 3/4"
Use this roll for a wide variety of comfort and support applications.Fresh Catch Fish Oil, Barlean's Oil - EPA - DHA - World's Freshest Fish Oil, 8 Fl Oz.
Fresh Catch Fish Oil is a pristine source of ultra-purified fish oil capsule providing naturally occurring levels of EPA and DHA for your vibrant health and energy.Healthy Adult from Barlean's Organic Oils, Omega-3 Concentrate, 60 Softgels
Fresh Catch® Healthy Adult formula is one of Barlean's Organic Oils, a pure and pristine source of molecularly distilled fish oil formulated with the ideal dose and ratio of highly concentrated EPA and DHA omega-3 for the vibrant health and energy of healthy adults.Healthy Mom, High Potent Omega-3's for Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation, 90 Softgels
Fresh Catch® Healthy Mom is a pure and pristine source of molecularly distilled, pharmaceutical grade fish oil formulated with the ideal dose and ratio of DHA and EPA to address the health and nutrition priorities of pregnant and lactating women.Irwin Naturals, EstroPause, Menopause Support, 80 Gelcaps
Irwin Naturals EstroPause has been carefully formulated to support hot flash control, memory & mood, estrogen production, bone density, eye, heart, colon and vaginal moisture.Just An Ounce Calcium and Magnesium Liquid, Almond Flavor, 16 fl. oz.
Just An Ounce, Calcium and Magnesium Liquid can help with the development of strong bones and teeth, also prevents muscle cramping, risk of colon cancer, maintain regular heart beat, protects against osteoporosis and helps relax the central nervous system.Menopause Support Formula, Estro Genesis, Includes 2 Free CD's, 60 Tabs
Estro Genesis is the first complete menopause support formula that also supports total women's health.MSM Supplement (Methylsulfonylmethane), 1,000 mg, 120 Caps, Pure Lignisul with Free 4 oz. Lotion
Buy MSM Supplement caps and get a 4 oz. Lotion free. MSM supplement plays a beneficial role in connective tissue and joint flexibility, immune health, arthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, pain, hair, skin, nails, athletic injuries, acne, wrinkles and allergies.Nature's Way Barley Bran - STD 60% Beta Glucan Nature's Way, 60 Vcaps.
Nature's Way's Barley Bran, has one of the highest Barley Beta Glucan contents commercially available which makes it the supplement of choice for anyone looking to pump up their cardiovascular health.Nature's Way Silica Supplement Gel, 17 fl. oz., 500 ml.
Original Silica Supplement gel is a colloidal preparation of natural silica, a good source of elemental silicon, in which microscopic particles of silica are so finely dispersed in water that a gel is formed.OsteoBoron Bone and Joint Health, with 200mg Green Food Concentrates each NOW Foods, 90 Vcaps
Boron is an important trace mineral for bone and joint health throughout life, as well as for the development and maintenance of healthy bone density. NOW OsteoBoron is a superior form of Boron that has been the subject of clinical studies demonstrating its efficacy in the support of healthy joints.Overhead Traction System
This water-filled weight bag provides variable tension to alleviate pressure on the spinal column.Pelvic Block, Adult, 1 Pair
A common positioning tool for a variety of treatment techniques. Features Scoot-Gard to prevent slipping.Prenatal Vitamin with Folic Acid, 100% Natural & Complete, Nature's Way, 180 Caps
Nature's Way Prenatal Vitamin with Folic Acid is a complete vitamin formulated to support the health of the mother and child.Solid Bone for Bone and Muscle Strength, TCM Formula, Luma Zhuanggu, 500 mg each Capsule, 60 Caps
This time-honored formula is used in Chinese medicine for its bone and muscle strengthening to maintain healthy, strong bones and muscles.Soy Isoflavones with Digestive Enzymes, NON-GMO, SoyLife, 500 mg, 100 Caps
We guarantee at least 12.5mg of soy isoflavones per capsule.Herbal Remedies: Osteoporosis Information
Herbal Remedies: Osteoporosis Supplements, Information & Products
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Manganese may help prevent osteoporosis. A report from a biologist in California found that rats on a low-manganese diet developed porous bones.
Herbal Remedies: Manganese Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 30 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
1 Tablespoon of 100 ppm Manganese Ionic Mineral Supplement is equal to 1.5 mg of dietary Manganese.
Both men and women slowly lose bone as they age. A woman may lose 30 to 50 percent of her cortical bone thickness over a lifetime.
For people who find it difficult to swallow pills, osteo-supplements in a calcium-magnesium and trace mineral formula are available in liquid form. See Nutrients below.
A nutrition study conducted by The Journal of Clinical Nutrition reported that women who are vegetarians experience significantly less bone loss than women who consume meat.
Bone disintegration with pain in the hips, lower back, or legs and vertebral fractures (usually affecting people over 50 years old) is common.
Senior citizens who take tranquilizers suffered 70 percent more hip fractures than other people their age. The information didn't state whether the tranquilizers made the seniors more prone to accidents due to the tranquilizer effects on balance and perception or whether the tranquilizers themselves had some influence on the bone itself.
Caffeine has been linked to calcium loss. It was shown that when adults were given 300 mg of caffeine, more than normal amounts of calcium being excreted in the urine. Avoid caffeine drinks (coffee, tea, sodas). If you would like something hot to drink, consider drinking herbal teas or coffee substitutes such as Postum, made from chicory root with a coffee like flavor. Barley tea also tastes similar to coffee without the bitterness (I get mine from a local Japanese restaurant, it can be found in some specialty stores or Asian markets). Herbal teas not only do not contain caffeine, but they often will contain needed nutrients to your diet.
Carbonated soft drinks contain high amounts of phosphates. These cause the body to eliminate calcium as the phosphates themselves are excreted, even if calcium must be taken from the bones to do this.
A study conducted by the Journal of Clinical Nutrition reported that women who are vegetarians experience significantly less bone loss than women who consume meat. Soy, beans, peas, and lentils supply proteins, and green vegetables are all very rich in calcium, as well as containing abundant amounts of other vitamins and minerals.
Klinefelter's syndrome, which results in low testosterone levels in men, also leads to osteoporosis.
One study purports to have identified a link between osteoporosis and high blood levels of the amino acid homocysteine. Homocysteine is involved in methionine metabolism, and is normally recycled into methionine or converted into cysteine in the body. High levels result in possible increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
A balloon kyphoplasty, in which a balloon is inserted into a spinal fracture, inflated, and injected with a bone cement, can provide support and pain relief for people with some spinal fractures.
Research conducted by the World Health Organization concluded that people who were given a protein supplement recovered more quickly from hip fractures than those who were not. In addition, they found that people who took protein supplements were less likely to suffer a hip fracture in the first place.
A study reported in the March 2000 issue of The Journal of Family Practice found that taking vitamin C can help to prevent nerve pain after a fracture.
Tests for bone loss are very easy and non-invasive. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is probably the most reliable method of determining osteoporosis. Exposure to radiation from this test is less than in other methods used to detect this condition. Another type of test, the collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx) test is particularly useful for women in that it shows how fast you are losing bone mass. It is performed on a urine ample.
FOR FURTHER EDUCATION
- By Susun S. Weed
- By Susun S. Weed
- By Susun S. Weed, Janice Novet
- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch
NOTIFY YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...
You or your family member has symptoms of osteoporosis.
Pain develops, especially after injury.
New, unexplained symptoms develop, such as vaginal bleeding. Drugs used in treatment may produce side effects.
OTHER RELATED OSTEOPOROSIS LINKS
Links from Yahoo.com for websites having information about osteoporosis. MoonDragon does necessarily promote or support any of these resource websites or treatment methods they may use, but they are supplied to our visitors only as a research tool.
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HELPFUL PRODUCTS & FURTHER EDUCATION
Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
-- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 2nd Edition
Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
-- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 4th Edition
Prescription for Herbal Healing: The A-To-Z Reference To Common Disorders
-- by Phyllis A. Balch
The Complete Guide to Natural Healing
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