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DESCRIPTION
Alcoholism is a psychological and/or physiological dependence on ethanol (ethyl alcohol), resulting in chronic disease and disruption of interpersonal, family and work relationships. This dependence can be physiological, psychological, social, or genetic.
Of the estimated 75 percent of the American population that consumes alcohol, one in ten people can be expected to have a problem with alcohol consumption. Another rough estimate indicates that one in 50 of the USA population is alcohol dependent.
There are two separate classes of alcohol-related problems:
- Alcohol abuse or "problem drinking". Problem drinkers use alcohol on a regular basis, and although they may need a degree of support or guidance, they are not as physically and/or emotionally dependent on the drug as chronic drinkers, or alcoholics.
- Alcohol dependence, or alcoholism.
The term alcoholism will be used loosely for practical discussion purposes, but it is important to remember this distinction.
According to the National Council of Alcoholism & Drug Dependence, some 18 million Americans abuse alcohol, and more than 100,000 die of alcohol-related causes. Alcoholism affects approximately 4 times as many men as women, but the incidence of alcoholism among women is on the rise, as is the use of alcohol by children, adolescents, and college students. The 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), directed by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, found that in the United States population aged 18 and over there was a rise in alcohol abuse from 3.03 percent to 4.65 percent over a single decade (1991-2001), while at the same time there was a slight decrease in actual alcoholism from 4.38 percent to 3.81 percent. While complicated, the results of the survey indicate that, in general, there appears to be a decline in "heavy" drinking but that alcohol abuse across the board appears to be increasing, particularly among the younger study participants.
ALCOHOL & WOMEN
Women are physiologically more sensitive to alcohol than men are. Because of their bodies' lower water content and higher fat content, alcohol becomes more concentrated in the bloodstream and is also retained in their bodies longer. Also, men produce more alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme in the stomach that breaks down alcohol before it reaches the bloodstream, than women do. Even after you adjust for body weight, women are still affected more than men by the same amount of alcohol. This may be why alcohol abuse seems to have more serious long-term consequences for women.
The overall rate of premature death related to alcohol abuse is 50 to 100 percent higher for women than for men. Women develop liver disease at lower levels of alcohol intake than do men, and they are at increased risk for osteoporosis.
Alcoholic women are more likely than alcoholic men to suffer from other psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Often, these disorders existed prior to the onset of alcoholism, which means that these problems do not go away once the drinking stops; usually, independent treatment is required. Early treatment for these disorders, however, may help prevent alcohol abuse from occurring.
ALCOHOL AFFECTS EVERYONE DIFFERENTLY
Alcohol affects everyone differently. Some become intoxicated with the first drink; others may be able to consume 4 or 5 drinks before showing any effects, often because they have built up a tolerance to the drug. In alcoholics, each drink triggers a craving for another. Alcoholism is a chronic, progressive disease that usually starts with acceptable social drinking. This leads to a drink for every mood: one to calm down, one to perk up, one to celebrate, one to "drown one's sorrows," and so forth. After a while the alcoholic needs no excuse to drink. In time, the alcoholic is completely controlled by his or her dependence on alcohol.
Overindulgence often leads to depression, anxiety, memory loss, and lack of coordination, and can exaggerate antisocial behaviors such as aggression and/or other personality disorders.
Intoxication also causes blood pressure and heart rates to be higher at first and then to decrease with prolonged consumption. Irregular, inefficient beating of the heart can lead to stroke. Respiration rates are lowered, and reflexes and reaction times slowed.
Alcoholics may become ashamed and angry at their compulsive behavior, and harbor deep feelings of inadequacy inside. This usually only leads to further alcohol abuse. They will use alcohol to numb their pain. They may also begin taking out their frustrations on those closest to them.
The National Council on Alcoholism & Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine define alcoholism as "... a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations." Alcoholism is a complex disorder that is unique for each individual; no two cases are alike.
Some people drink moderate to heavy amounts of alcohol for years before becoming clinically dependent on it; others may become addicted to alcohol the very first time they ever take a drink. It is known, however, that alcohol itself is not the only cause of alcoholism. There is considerable debate as to whether alcoholism is principally caused by genetic, environmental, or psychological factors. While there are sizable bodies of evidence to support all sides, the truth probably lies somewhere in between; alcoholism is probably the result of a combination of the various factors. There are certain stress hormones that appear to be associated with alcoholism. Depression can lead some people to alcohol. A family history of alcoholism is common among both men and women with the disorder, and research has shown that heredity is involved in almost 50 percent of the time. Certain genetic factors may cause a person to be vulnerable due to an imbalance of brain chemicals.
ALCOHOL-RELATED HEALTH PROBLEMS
As far as the physical effects of alcohol on the body is concerned, alcohol is a poison. Some of the effects of chronic alcohol consumption include damage to the brain, liver, pancreas, duodenum, and central nervous system. Excessive alcohol use can produce harmful effects on the brain and nervous system and can cause fatigue, short-term memory loss, weakness, and paralysis of the eye muscles. Alcoholism causes metabolic damage to every cell in the body and depresses the immune system. It may take years before the consequences of excessive drinking become evident, but if an alcoholic continues to drink, his or her life span may be shortened by ten to fifteen years or more. Alcohol consumption and alcohol abuse can have fatal consequences.
LIVER DISORDERS
Alcohol is broken down in the liver. The liver processes 95 percent of alcohol ingested, at a rate of about 1/4 to 1/2 ounce per hour. The repeated consumption of alcohol inhibits the liver's production of digestive enzymes, impairing the body's ability to absorb proteins, fats, and fat soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, and K), as well as B-complex vitamins (especially thiamine [Vitamin B-1] and folic acid) and other water-soluble vitamins. It inhibits protein uptake, leading to amino acid deficiencies, and reduces the body's storage of zinc. Many essential nutrients are not retained for use by the body; they are rapidly eliminated through the urine. The toxic effect of alcohol on the liver is very serious.
The normal liver will be smooth texture and firm to the touch.
Excessive amounts of fat accumulate in the liver, a result of alcohol's effect on the body's ability to digest fats properly.
Alcoholic hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver, can follow. It is a condition in which liver cells become inflamed and may die. In acute hepatitis, the liver may be enlarged and tender to the touch. Other signs and symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, jaundice (yellow skin), and mental confusion.
The progressive damage of hepatitis can lead to inflammation, scarring,
shrinkage of the liver and hardening of tissue, and formation of nodules.
The final, usually fatal, stage of alcoholic liver damage is cirrhosis of the liver, a disease characterized by inflammation, hardening, and scarring of the liver.
The liver may become small and hard, with extensive scarring and many nodules.
This prevents the normal passage of blood through the liver, inhibiting the organ's ability to filter out toxins and foreign substances.
The liver is one of the most robust organs of the body. It is the only organ that has the ability to regenerate itself after certain types of damage. Up to 25 percent of the liver can be removed, and within a short period of time, it will grow back to its original shape and size. It continually takes abuse, but if cared for properly, it will function more than adequately for decades. Alcohol is one of the toxins that the liver does not handle as well as others. The liver cannot regenerate after being severely damaged by alcohol.
There are many other health consequences of alcoholism as well.GASTROINTESTINAL PROBLEMS
Gastritis, or inflammation of the stomach lining, can lead to tearing in the upper part of the stomach and lower esophagus. Peptic ulcers also can form.
CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS
High blood pressure and cardiomyopathy (heart muscle damage) are possible. Problem drinkers may also experience visible dilation of blood vessels just beneath the skin's surface, as well as pathological enlargement of the heart that can progress to congestive heart failure.
BLOOD SUGAR PROBLEMS
Alcohol prevents release of glucose from the liver and can cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). If you have diabetes and are taking insulin, this can have serious consequences. Chronic drinking also causes inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), which can affect production of insulin so as to cause diabetes. A diseased pancreas can also interfere with the production of glucagon, a hormone that helps increase the amount of glucose in the blood, which can cause metabolic problems and affect production of certain digestive enzymes. This further hampers the body's ability to digest fats and other nutrients.
SEXUAL FUNCTION OR MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS
Alcohol abuse can cause reduced testosterone production and erectile dysfunction in men and can interrupt menstruation in women.
BIRTH DEFECTS
Drinking during pregnancy is particularly dangerous. The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can cause birth defects and increases the chance of miscarriage. Alcohol passes through the mother's placenta and into fetal circulation. This toxic substance depresses the central nervous system of the fetus. Further, the fetal liver must try to metabolize the alcohol, but since the fetus's liver is not fully developed, the alcohol remains in the fetal circulation. Women who drink during pregnancy generally give birth to babies with lower birth weights. Their growth may be retarded or stunted; their brains may be smaller than normal, and there may be mental retardation as well. Limbs, joints, fingers, and facial features may be deformed. Heart and kidney defects may occur. Some children exposed to alcohol in utero become hyperactive at adolescence and exhibit learning disabilities. Every drink a pregnant woman consumes increases her child's risk of being born with fetal alcohol syndrome, and also increases her chances of miscarriage. Even moderate amounts of alcohol may be harmful, especially in the first three to four months of pregnancy.
NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Excessive drinking can affect the nervous system. Alcoholics often experience damage to their peripheral nervous systems. This damage may show up initially as a loss of sensation in the hands or feet (numbness of extremities), with an accompanying difficulty in walking as well as disordered thinking and, eventually, dementia.
CANCER
Alcoholics face an increased risk of getting cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, larynx, liver, and colon due to the direct toxicity of the alcohol. The risk is much higher for those who are alcohol abusers than for the general population.
SOCIAL IMPACT OF ALCOHOLISM
Alcoholism causes metabolic damage to every cell in the body and depresses the immune system. It may take years before the consequences of excessive drinking become evident, but if an alcoholic continues to drink, his or her life span may be shortened by 10 to 15 years or more. The social consequences of alcoholism can be very destructive as well. Alcohol abuse takes a tremendous toll on society through traffic and other accidents, poor job performance, and emotional damage to entire families. Alcoholism is currently the second major preventable cause of death in the United States, second only to cigarette smoking.
ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
Most alcohol abusers enter treatment with great reluctance because they are in denial. They refuse to believe that they have a problem and often think there is a conspiracy against them by family, friends, or coworkers. Intervention must be handled carefully with professional advice. Treatment can vary with the individual. If the person to be treated is alcohol dependent, complete abstinence should be the goal. If a person is not dependent on alcohol but is experiencing adverse effects of drinking, reduction of the alcohol-related problems is required. Seek counseling or intervention. Intervention may involve alcohol abuse specialists, and should involve some type of goal-setting and behavior modification, along with counseling and follow-up care. Resident treatment programs for serious alcoholics are often complex and usually involve a professional staff.
Alcoholics who stop drinking often experience withdrawal symptoms, especially during the first week or so that they abstain from alcohol. Insomnia, visual and auditory hallucinations, convulsions, acute anxiety, a rapid pulse, profuse perspiration, and fever can occur. With time, however, and with appropriate supervision if necessary (as in a alcohol rehab program), these symptoms pass and the alcoholic is set free to begin the lifelong work of recovery.
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Alcoholism - Alcohol Addiction & Abuse
FREQUENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
While each case of alcohol abuse and alcoholism is in some ways unique to the individual, there are certain common features that can serve as warning signs.
EARLY STAGES:
- Increased tolerance to the effects of alcohol. Building up a tolerance to alcohol that requires "more of the same" to hit the same plateau of intoxication.
- When drinking, gulping drinks, ordering "doubles" or setups.
- Low tolerance for anxiety.
- Need for alcohol at the beginning of the day, or at times of stress.
- Not caring anymore about long-term hobbies, interests, and activities.
- Insomnia, nightmares.
- Habitual Monday-morning hangovers, and frequent absences from work.
- Not remembering commitments or conversations. Having blackouts.
- Preoccupation with obtaining alcohol, drinking alone or in secret. Hiding drinking from family and friends. Hiding alcohol at work, at home, or in the car.
- Feeling an overwhelming need for a drink.
- Ritualizing drinking at certain times, places, or events, and becoming agitated or annoyed if the ritual is changed or questioned.
- Irritability and agitation increasing as normal drinking time nears, especially if alcohol is not available or cannot be available due to work or social commitment.
- Getting intoxicated to feel normal.
- Guilt or irritability when others suggest drinking is excessive.
- Having problems with finances, social interaction, relationships, or employment.
- Having withdrawal symptoms when you cannot drink, such as sweating, shaking, or nausea.
LATE STAGES:
- Frequent blackouts; memory loss; depression.
- Delirium tremens (tremors, hallucinations, confusion, sweating, rapid heartbeat). These occur most often with alcohol withdrawal.
- Liver disease (jaundice, internal bleeding, bloating).
- Neurological impairment (numbness and tingling in hands and feet, declining sexual interest and potency, confusion, coma).
- Congestive heart failure (shortness of breath, swelling of feet).
CAUSES
Not fully understood, but include:
- Personality factors, especially dependency, anger, mania, depression or introversion.
- Family influences, especially alcoholic or divorced parents.
- Social and cultural pressure to drink.
- Abnormal metabolism of alcohol (perhaps).
RISK INCREASES WITH
The risk for alcohol dependency increases with:
- Genetic factors. Some ethnic groups have high alcoholism rates either for social or biological reasons.
- Use of recreational drugs.
- Crisis situations, including unemployment, frequent moves, or loss of friends or family.
- Inadequate, insecure and immature personality types.
- Environmental factors such as ready availability, afford-ability, and social acceptance of alcohol in the culture group, work group or social group.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Keep to safe limits of alcohol intake as recommended by medical authorities. Do not do "binge" drinking (e.g., on weekends or parties). Do not drink to get drunk.
Drink slowly, never gulp alcoholic drinks. Do not drink on an empty stomach.
Do not drink to relieve stress, anxiety, tension or depression.
Counseling for people at risk of alcoholism, such as a family history of the disorder.
Provide children with a loving, stable family environment. Use alcohol in moderation if at all to provide a healthy role model.
Encourage a spouse, friends or co-worker to admit when an alcohol problem exists, and seek professional care.
EXPECTED OUTCOME
Without treatment, alcoholism can lead to progressive brain and liver disease, job loss, divorce, possibly criminal behavior, premature death.
With abstinence (absence of alcohol or drugs), sobriety is a way of life. The change in lifestyle is difficult and relapses occur. If you are determined to give up alcohol, you can.
POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
Chronic and progressive liver disease.
Gastric erosion (raw area in stomach lining) with bleeding, stomach inflammation.
Neuritis, tremors, seizures and brain impairment.
Inflammation of the heart.
Mental and physical damage to the fetus if a woman drinks during pregnancy.
Family members of alcoholics may develop psychological symptoms requiring treatment and support groups such as Al-Anon.
TREATMENT
GENERAL MEASURES
For successful treatment, the alcoholic must recognize the existence of the problem and be willing to grapple with it.
No single form of treatment works for all alcoholics. Psychological, social, and physical treatments may be combined.
Some patients may require detoxification (medical help in getting over the physical withdrawal symptoms when drinking is stopped).
Sometimes requires inpatient care at a special treatment center.
Keep appointments with health care providers and counselors.
Join a local Alcoholics Anonymous group or other support group and attend meetings regularly.
Reassess your lifestyle, friends, work, and family to identify and alter factors that encourage drinking.
The NCADD SELF-TEST
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF ALCOHOLISM?
Here is a self-test to help you review the role alcohol plays in your life. These questions incorporate many common symptoms of alcoholism . This test is intended to help you determine if you or someone you know needs to find out more about alcoholism; It is not intended to be used to establish the diagnosis of alcoholism.
- Do you ever drink heavily when you are disappointed, under pressure or have had a quarrel with someone?
- Can you handle more alcohol now than when you first started to drink?
- Have you ever been unable to remember part of the previous evening, even though your friends said that you did not pass out?
- When drinking with other people, do you try to have a few extra drinks when others won't know about?
- Do you sometimes feel uncomfortable if alcohol is not available?
- Do you sometimes feel a little guilty about your drinking?
- Are you in more of a hurry to get your first drink of the day than you used to be?
- Has a family member or close friend ever expressed concern or complained about your drinking?
- Have you been having more memory 'blackouts' recently?
- Do you often want to continue drinking after your friends say they've had enough?
- Do you usually have a reason for the occasions when you drink heavily?
- When you are sober, do you sometimes regret things you did or said while drinking?
- Have you tried switching brands or drinks, or following different plans to control your drinking?
- Have you sometimes failed to keep promises you made to yourself about controlling or cutting down on your drinking?
- Have you ever had a DWI (driving while intoxicated) or DUI (driving under the influence of alcohol) violation, or any other legal problem related to your drinking?
- Do you try to avoid family or close friends while you are drinking?
- Are you having more financial, work, school and/or family problems as a result of your drinking?
- Has your health care provider ever advised you to cut down on your drinking?
- Do you eat very little or irregularly during the periods when you are drinking?
- Do you sometimes have the "shakes" in the morning and find that it helps to have a "little" drink, tranquilizer medication of some kind?
- Have you recently noticed that you can't drink as much as you used to?
- Do you sometimes stay drunk for several days at a time?
- After periods of drinking do you sometimes see or hear things that aren't there?
- Have you ever gone to anyone for, help about your drinking?
- Do you ever feel depressed or anxious before, during or after of heavy drinking?
Any answer indicates that you may be a greater risk for alcoholism. More than one answer may indicate the presence of an alcohol-related problem or alcoholism, and the need for consultation with a alcoholism professional.
WHAT IS ALCOHOLISM?
Alcoholism is a disease which there is impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with alcohol, continued use of alcohol in the face of adverse consequences and distorted thinking. Generally speaking, alcoholism is repeated drinking that causes trouble in the drinker's personal, professional, family or school life. When alcoholics drink, they cannot always predict when they will stop, how much they will drink or what the consequences of their drinking will be. Denial of the negative effects of alcohol in their lives is common among alcoholics and those close to them. There is no known cure for alcoholism. The disease can be arrested through complete abstinence from alcohol and other addictive drugs. Once abstinent, most alcoholics recover from the damage caused by their drinking. More than 1.5 million Americans are currently in recovery from their own alcoholism.
ALCOHOL ABUSE: HOW TO RECOGNIZE PROBLEM DRINKING
AM I DRINKING TOO MUCH?
YES, if you are:
- A woman who has more than 7 drinks* per week or more than 3 drinks per occasion.
- A man who has more than 14 drinks* per week or more than 4 drinks per occasion.
- Older than 65 years and having more than 7 drinks* per week or more than 3 drinks per occasion.
*--One drink = one 12-ounce bottle of beer (4.5 percent alcohol) or one 5-ounce glass of wine (12.9 percent alcohol) or 1.5 ounce of 80-proof distilled spirits.
AM I DRINKING HEAVILY?
YES, if you are:
- A woman who has more than 3 drinks every day or 21 drinks per week.
- A man who has more than 5 drinks every day or 35 drinks per week.
AM I TAKING RISKS WITH ALCOHOL?
YES, if you:
- Drink and drive, operate machinery or mix alcohol with medicine (over-the-counter and prescription medicine).
- Do not tell your surgeon, health care provider or pharmacist that you are a regular drinker.
- Are pregnant or are trying to become pregnant and drink at all (even small amounts of alcohol may hurt an unborn child).
- Drink alcohol while you are looking after small children.
HAS MY DRINKING BECOME A HABIT?
YES, if you drink regularly to:
- Relax, relieve anxiety or go to sleep.
- Be more comfortable in social situations.
- Avoid thinking about sad or unpleasant things.
- Socialize with other regular drinkers.
IS ALCOHOL TAKING OVER MY LIFE?
YES, if you:
- Ever worry about having enough alcohol for an evening or weekend.
- Hide alcohol or buy it at different stores so people will not know how much you are drinking.
- Switch from one kind of drink to another hoping that this will keep you from drinking too much or getting drunk.
- Try to get "extra" drinks at a social event or sneak drinks when others are not looking.
HAS DRINKING ALCOHOL BECOME A PROBLEM FOR ME?
YES, if you:
- Cannot stop drinking once you start.
- Have tried to stop drinking for a week or so but only quit for a few days.
- Fail to do what you should at work or at home because of drinking.
- Feel guilty after drinking.
- Find other people make comments to you about your drinking.
- Have a drink in the morning to get yourself going after drinking heavily the night before.
- Cannot remember what happened while you were drinking.
- Have hurt someone else as a result of your drinking.
WHAT CAN I DO ABOUT DRINKING TOO MUCH?
Try to cut down to safe drinking levels: less than 7 drinks per week and less than 3 drinks per occasion for women and older people, and less than 14 drinks per week and less than 4 drinks per occasion for men.
HOW CAN I GET HELP FOR AN ALCOHOL PROBLEM?
If you feel you need help to cut down, you can contact:
- Your health care provider for advice, treatment or referral.
- Self-help support groups (see "Other Organizations").
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (see "Other Organizations"). Call for information about local treatment programs and to speak to someone about your alcohol problem.
OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
http://www.samhsa.gov/centers/csat2002/csat_frame.html
800-662-HELP
Women for Sobriety
http://www.womenforsobriety.org/
800-333-1606
SMART Recovery
http://www.smartrecovery.org
440-951-5357
Adult Children of Alcoholics
http://www.adultchildren.org/
310-534-1815
Al-Anon and Alateen
http://www.al-anon.alateen.org/
800-344-2666
Alcoholics Anonymous
http://www.aa.org/
212-870-3400
National Association for Children of Alcoholics
http://www.nacoa.org
National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
http://www.health.org
800-729-6686
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov
301-443-3860
TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM
Depending on the individual, treatment for alcoholism may involve one or more of the following:
- DETOXIFICATION & WITHDRAWAL: This usually takes four to seven days and will probably involve medications to prevent delirium tremens or withdrawal seizures. Alcoholics who stop drinking often experience withdrawal symptoms, especially during the first week or so that they abstain from alcohol. Insomnia, visual and auditory hallucinations, convulsions, acute anxiety, a rapid pulse, profuse perspiration, and fever can occur. With time and appropriate supervision, these symptoms pass and the alcoholic is set free to begin the lifelong work of recovery.
- MEDICAL ASSESSMENT & TREATMENT: This may entail examination and treatment for high blood pressure, liver disease, high blood sugar, and heart disease, among other problems.
- PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT / PSYCHIATRIC CARE: This includes counseling and therapy to get at the underlying problems that may have led to alcohol abuse.
- ACCEPTANCE / ABSTINENCE: It is necessary to accept the situation (admit that one is a problem drinker or an alcoholic) and desire to abstain in order to be cured.
- DRUG TREATMENT: A drug called disulfiram (Antabuse) may be used to cause an aversion reaction to the consumption of alcohol. Those on this drug experience nausea, vomiting, severe headaches, blurred vision, and sometimes an impending feeling of death if they take even a small sip of alcohol. Naltrexone (ReVia) is an opiate blocker and is used to block the alcohol "high" and reduce the urge to drink. This is usually administered as a 50 mg daily dose for 12 consecutive weeks. A new nonaddictive drug, acamprosate calcium (Campral), has been approved for treating those who want to remain alcohol-free after successfully stopping their drinking. Administered as two 355 mg capsules 3 times daily with meals, it effectively eliminates the discomfort caused by alcohol withdrawal. Acomprosate calcium is thought to act on the brain pathways directly to reduce withdrawal symptoms.
- AFTERCARE: This is continued care to manage relapses and assist with lifestyle changes.
MEDICATION
Disulfiram (Antiabuse), may be prescribed to help alcoholics stay sober. The drug will causes several extremely unpleasant physical symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, severe headaches, blurred vision, and sometimes a feeling of impending death when alcohol is consumed, even with a small sip of alcohol. Abstinence from alcohol often results with the use of this drug.
The drug naltrexone (Trexan) blocks the pleasurable effects of endogenous opiods, opiate-like substances released by the brain in response to alcohol, and may help problem drinkers remain sober. People who took this drug are three times likelier than other patients to stick with their recovery programs. This drug is not suitable for people with liver disease.
Hyperbaric oxygen has been used successfully in the treatment of alcoholism.
Other medications to help control withdrawal symptoms may be prescribed.
Medications such as tranquilizers, phenobarbital, and over-the-counter pain remedies (acetaminophen found in Tylenol, Datril, and many other products) can form toxic combinations with alcohol. Combining alcohol with antihistamines can enhance depression of the central nervous system.
In recovery, it is best to avoid tranquilizers, as there is a danger of substituting one drug addiction for another. Sobriety should be drug-free.
ACTIVITY
There are usually no restrictions. Discuss physical activities with the health care provider.
DIET, HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS & NUTRIENTS
Dietary supplements, while important for everyone, are especially vital for alcoholics. Alcoholics need to supplement all the known vitamins and minerals. Evidence has shown that some of the diseases associated with alcoholism can be avoided by improving the nutritional health of the body. The program outlined below is designed to help recovering alcoholics to improve their nutritional condition. There are also some supplements that help with the psychological aspects of recovery by decreasing the desire for alcohol. You should begin with a high-potency multi-vitamin and multi-mineral complex, and then add the nutrients listed that are not included in the complex.
Poor nutrition can enhance the adverse effects of ethanol. Alcoholics are at much greater risk of malnutrition than other people, since as much as 50 percent of their caloric intake may come from ethanol at the expense of other nutritious foods. Eat a normal, well balanced diet. Alcoholics are commonly deficient in folic acid, and malabsorption due to pancreatic insufficiency is often a major problem.
Long-term alcohol abuse can promote a zinc-deficiency, most likely because of increased fecal and urinary losses. Zinc plays a vital role in a variety of enzyme systems in the body, as well as in DNA and RNA production. A deficiency of zinc can result in anorexia, impaired senses of smell and taste, growth retardation, disorders of the reproductive system, and impaired wound healing and immune function. Pathological changes in the stomach occur due to zinc deficiency as well. Alcohol-related zinc deficiency accelerates the poisoning of cells that come into contact with alcohol by altering the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and nutrients. This leads to malabsorption problems and other nutritional deficiencies. Chronic alcohol intake often results in a depressed metabolism caused by zinc deficiency.
HOLISTIC & NUTRITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS
The nutrients and dietary suggestions below are recommended to correct probable alcohol-related deficiencies and damage. Unless otherwise stated, the dosages recommended below are for adults. For children between the ages of 12 and 17, reduce the dose to 3/4 of the recommended amount.
ALCOHOLISM / ALCOHOL ABUSE SUPPLEMENTS
Information for help with alcoholism and alcohol abuse, a progressive, sometimes fatal disease that causes an incessant craving for, loss of control over, increased tolerance for and physical dependence upon alcohol.
Addiction Free Naturally: Liberating Yourself From Sugar, Caffeine, Food Addictions, Tobacco by Brigitte Mars
A comprehensive guide that helps you overcome addictions by using natural remedies including herbs, homeopathy, aromatherapy, flower essence remedies, color therapy, acupressure, and more.AlcoLiver Fix, Yangan, 60 Caps
AlcohLiver Fix is made of extracts from schisandra, white peony, and milk thistle, this well-known formula is used in traditional Chinese medicine for its liver nurturing and restoring, detoxifying, virus inhibiting properties to maintain healthy liver and its functions, Chinese herbs for liver support.Alive! Whole Food Energizer Multi-Vitamin with Minerals, 18 mg of Iron Added, 90 Tabs
Alive Whole Food Energizer Multi Vitamin with Mineral with Iron is absorbed into your blood stream 5 times faster than other leading brands.Alive! Whole Food Energizer Multi-Vitamin with Minerals, With Naturally Occurring Iron (No Iron Added), Nature's Way, 180 Tabs
No other supplement contains more life-giving nutrients than Nature's Way Alive. This supplements is better absorbed into your blood stream because its tablets disintegrate up to 5X faster than other leading brands.Alpha Lipoic Acid Nature's Supreme Antioxidant, by Rita Elkins, M.H. - Paperback
Rita Elkins discusses how this amazing free-radical scavenger has gained impressive credentials from the results of various studies and its use in Europe and elsewhere.Alpha Lipoic Acid, NOW Foods, 250 mg, 60 Caps
Alpha-Lipoic Acid is a versatile water and fat soluble metabolic antioxidant. Another benefit is that it also acts as a potent free radical quencher and aids other vitamins in their antioxidant activities.Aromatherapy Scent Inhaler, Hangover Helper with Pure Essential Oils
Hangover Helper Scent Inhaler is a natural hangover remedy. The pure essential oils were selected for their known hangover relief benefits to reduce the side effects of excessive alcohol consumption and debauchery.Arsen Alb. (Arsenicum Album), Homeopathic Clikpak, 30C, 84 Pellets
Homeopathic Nelsons Arsen alb in the new clikpak is easy to carry and dispense for upset stomach, diarrhea and vomiting and therefore much better suited to a busy lifestyle.Blue Scullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora), Standardized, 100 mg, 60 Vcaps
Scullcap is most commonly used as a sedative and it can take the edge off anxiety and promote sleep for those who struggle with insomnia.Branched Chain Amino Acids, Free Form, 120 Caps
Studies on people with alcoholic cirrhosis have shown a benefit to consuming L-valine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine. These branched-chain amino acids enhance protein synthesis in liver cells, help restore liver function, and prevent chronic encephalopathy.Calcium & Magnesium Mineral Complex, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 500 mg / 250 mg, 250 Caps
Calcium & Magnesium are essential for proper bone development and muscle and heart function. An ideal balance of two important minerals in 100% natural and pure forms.Choline Supplement, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 100 Tabs
Nature's Way Choline Supplement is 100% natural choline with improved absorption.Colon & Liver Cleanser, 16 fl. oz.
CAC liquid is a colon and liver cleanser and detoxifier as well as a blood cleanser that serves to regulate the bowel movements so that the stool is so soft it breaks up into a cloud.Crab Apple Bach Flower Remedies Tincture, Bach Flower Essences, Malus Pumila, 20 ml
Crab Apple (Malus Pumila) is the Bach Flower Remedy known as the cleansing remedy, and as such is the added 'sixth ingredient' in Rescue Cream.DMG Supplement. N, N, Dimethyl Glycine, NOW Foods, 125 mg, 100 Caps
NOW Foods' DMG Supplement is a methylated amino acid found in all cells. DMG is an antioxidant and methyl donor that has a number of beneficial effects. It has shown to have potential in increasing immune response to the flu and salmonella.Evening Primrose Oil, Cold Pressed, Nature's Way, 1300 mg, 120 Softgels
Nature's Way EFA Gold Evening is the highest quality Evening Primrose Oil - guaranteed to contain 10 percent gamma-linolenic acid (GLA).Flavored Sweetleaf Stevia Liquid Trial Tin, 4 Flavors, 6 ml per Bottle
Now you can stay sweet and flavorful on-the-go with this handy travel tin with four 6 ml squeeze bottles of our most popular flavors: Chocolate Raspberry, Lemon Drop, Vanilla Creme, and Valencia Orange.GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid) Supplement, 500 mg, Plus B-6, 2 mg, 100 Caps
GABA is a non-essential amino acid found mainly in the human brain and eyes. It is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it regulates brain and nerve cell activity by inhibiting the number of neurons firing in the brain. GABA is referred to as the brain's natural calming agent.Gold Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 30 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
WaterOz Ionic Gold is a pure liquid Gold supplement. Gold promotes a general euphoric feeling, enhances the body's natural defenses against illness, and promotes vitality and longevity. Gold has been found to improve glandular function. It helps the body to relax.Gorse Bach Flower Remedies Tincture, Bach Flower Essences, Ulex Europaeus, 20 ml.
Gorse (Ulex Europaeus) is the Bach Flower Remedy for people who have given up belief that there is any hope for them.Grape Seed Extract, Standardized, 100 mg, 30 Caps
Grape Seeds (Vinis vinifera) are an excellent source of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) and have been the subject of clinical research in France for their antioxidant activity. Antioxidants play an important role in the development of collagen including skin, connective tissue and vascular walls.Gr8-Dophilus Probiotic, NOW Foods, 60 VCaps
NOW Foods Gr8-Dophilus Probiotic is a combination of 8 different species of beneficial bacteria designed to support gastrointestinal health and immune system function.Herbal Detox / Flush One Hour Formula, 16 fl. oz.
This high potency combination makes Daily Herbal Detox and flush a perfect supplement for any detoxification program so you can pass your drug test.Inositol (Vitamin B-8), 100% Natural, Pure Crystalline, 500 mg, 100 Caps
Inositol is a direct precursor of phospholipids which are a major component of cellular membranes. It also acts as a lipotropic which converts fats into other useful products.Kudzu Powder (Pueraria Lobata), 4 oz. Bulk
Kudzu has reportedly been used over 1,000 years by Asian herbalists for alcoholism and to curb alcohol craving. Interestingly, a Harvard study conducted with lab animals confirmed that compounds found in Kudzu, reduced their alcohol consumption by 50 percent. Kudzu also supports nerve tissue and is a thickening agent.Kudzu Root Extract, Nature's Way, 613 mg, 50 Caps
Careful preparation of Nature's Way Kudzu Root Extract helps promote consistent result when used as part of a proactive program to overcome detrimental health habits.L-Cysteine HCL, w/ Vitamin B-6 & C, Vegetarian, 500 mg, 100 Tabs
NOW L-Cysteine functions as an antioxidant and is a powerful aid to the body in protecting against radiation and pollution. It can help slow down the aging process, deactivate free radicals, neutralize toxins; aids in protein synthesis and presents cellular change. Hair and skin are made up 10-14% Cystine.Lecithin, Fine Vegetarian Granules, 97% Phosphatides, Pure and Fresh, 1 lb.
Contains Choline & Inositol which are essential for the breakdown of fats and cholesterol. It helps prevent arterial congestion, helps distribute bodyweight, increases immunity to virus infections, cleans the liver and purifies the kidneys.Lecithin Vegetarian Granules, 97% Phosphatides, Identity Preserved, Non-GE, NOW Foods, 1 lb.
Lecithin is used to strengthen the heart as it clears the blood vessels of cholesterol and is used in weight loss programs to help dissolve fat.L-Glutamine, Amino Acid Supplement, 500 mg, 120 Caps
L-Glutamine is an important amino acid and natural Growth Hormone Releaser that helps brain function, and may be used for combating effects of alcoholism, alleviating hypoglycemia, fatigue reduction, improving exercise endurance, benefiting the liver and intestines, maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract, and strengthening the immune system.L-Glutamine, 100% Pure Powder, Free Form Amino Acid & GH Releaser, Vegetarian, 1 lb.
L-Glutamine is an important amino acid and natural Growth Hormone Releaser that helps brain function, and may be used for combating effects of alcoholism, alleviating hypoglycemia, fatigue reduction, improving exercise endurance, benefiting the liver and intestines, maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract, and strengthening the immune system.L-Glutathione, 250 mg, 60 Caps
L-Glutathione is a tripeptide amino acid produced in the liver primarily from cysteine. L-Glutathione acts as a cellular antioxidant by inhibiting free radical proliferation.Liver Detox Formula Tincture, 100% Organic, Herbal Remedies USA, 2 fl. oz.
The Liver Formula can be used to help treat alcoholism naturally.L-Methionine, 500 mg, Plus B-6, 10 mg, 100 Caps
L-Methionine is an essential sulfur amino acid. The body cannot produce L-Methionine, which must be obtained from food or supplement sources.L-Tyrosine, Pharmaceutical Grade, Free Form, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 120 Caps
L-Tyrosine is used to treat insomnia, improve muscle tone, improve skin and hair pigment and depression and anxiety. L-Tyrosine should not to be used while taking prescription antidepressants or MAO inhibitors.Manganese Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 30 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
WaterOz Ionic Manganese is a pure liquid Manganese supplement. Manganese, also called the "brain mineral," is important in the utilization of all mental facilities/functions.Multi-Mineral Optimum Complex, Nature's Way, 100 Caps
Nature's Way Multi Mineral Optimum Complex offers a complete carefully dosed blend of minerals vital to the body. This multi Mineral Optimum Complex provides nutritional support for normal bone development, muscle function, reproduction and metabolism.Mustard Bach Flower Remedies Tincture, Bach Flower Essences, Sinapis Arvensis, 20 ml
Mustard (Sinapis Arvensis) is the Bach Flower Remedy for deep gloom and depression that descends for no apparent reason out of a clear blue sky.NAC (N-Acetyl-Cysteine), Selenium, Molybdenum, NOW Foods, 600 mg, 100 Caps
In order for us to utilize our protein intake in an efficient manner, an ample supply of the amino acid glutathione must be present in our cells - NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine) is essential in the formation of glutathione, as it directly impacts our ability to synthesize the proteins we ingest.Niacinamide, Non-Flushing Niacin, 100% Natural, Vitamin B-3, 500 mg, 100 Caps
The benefits of Niacin without the discomforts associated with a Niacin flush. Nature's Way Niacinamide is 100% natural.Omega 3,6,9 Oil, Mega EFA Blend, Lime Flavored, Nature's Way, 1350 mg, 90 Softgels
Omega 3 6 9 Oil MEGA EFA Blend is the most complete daily source of Omega 3 6 9 fatty acids for healthy skin, joints and cardiovascular function.Olive Bach Flower Remedies Tincture, Bach Flower Essences, Olea Europaea, 20 ml
The Bach Flower Remedy for tiredness and exhaustion after an effort of some kind, such as hard physical or mental labor, or the long struggle against illness.Organic Flax Oil, Non GMO, Super Lignan, Certified, Nature's Way, 1300 mg, 200 Softgels
Nature's Way EFAGold is the highest quality Organic Flax oil guaranteed to contain alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and Flax Lignans from non-GMO seeds.Pantothenic Acid, 100% Natural, Vitamin B-5, 250 mg, 100 Caps
Pantothenic acid vitamin B-5 is converted to coenzyme A, which is involved in the biochemical cycles responsible for conversion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates into energy.Phosphatidyl Serine Supplement (PS), Nature's Way, 500 mg, 60 Softgels
Phosphatidyl Serine complex aids brain cell function and reduces age-related mental decline. With age normal brain and nerve cell activity may decline due to diminished neurotransmitter and brain cell function.Primadophilus Reuteri Pearls, Nature's Way, 60 Pearls
Lactobacillus reuteri is found in breast milk and is one of the first defenses a mother passes to her child. Studies show the benefits of fortifying the diet with reuteri throughout life. Each Primadophilus Reuteri Pearl provides the full clinical dose (108 CFU) of reuteri.SAM-e, Enteric Coated, NOW Foods, 100 mg, 30 Tabs
SAM-e was discovered in 1952 in Italy and has been researched and manufactured there. SAM-e works closely with folic acid and vitamin B-12.Selenium Supplement, Yeast Free, NOW Foods, 200 mcg, 180 Caps
Selenium is an essential trace mineral in the human body. NOW Foods Selenium Supplement is an important part of antioxidant enzymes that protect cells against the effects of free radicals that are produced during normal oxygen metabolism.Pycnogenol With Vitamin E, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 50 mg, 30 Tabs
Pycnogenol is an extract made from the bark of the European coastal pine. Pycnogenol is a concentrated source of proanthocyanidins, organic acids and other biologically active components.Silymarin Milk Thistle Extract, 300 mg, 50 Vcaps w/ Artichoke & Dandelion Extract
Silymarin Milk Thistle Extract has been extensively researched in Europe since the 1960's. Milk Thistle has been shown to nutritionally support healthy liver function.Stevia Powder, Green, 1/2 lb.
Enjoy the flavor that Stevia powder adds to any food or beverage knowing you will also increase the healthful benefits.Super Digestive Enzymes, NOW Foods, 90 Caps
Super Digestive Enzymes contain a complete and balanced digestive enzyme formula.Super Thisilyn Advanced Detox Formula, Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 60 VCaps
Nature's Way Thisilyn is uniquely formulated to support liver functions and exert a protective effect against substances harmful to the liver.The Power Of Now, A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment, By Eckhart Tolle
In The Power of Now, Eckhart Tolle shows readers how to recognize themselves as the creators of their own pain, and how to have a pain-free existence by living fully in the present.The Prescription for Nutritional Healing: A Practical A-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs, and Food Supplements - 3rd Edition, By Phyllis Balch, C.N.C. & James Balch, M.D
The Prescription for Nutritional Healing is a complete and authoritative guide to dealing with over 250 of the most common ailments and diseases lists many different drug-free remedies for various disorders and health conditions including vitamins, minerals, herbs, food supplements, exercise and meditation.Turmeric Extract (Curcuma Longa) Standardized to 95% Curcuminoids, 500 mg, 120 Tabs
Turmeric extract has become a popular herbal supplement due to the potent antioxidant properties of it's active constituent curcuminoids.Vitamin A, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 10,000 IU, 100 Softgels
Nature's Way vitamin A is 100% natural from fish liver oil. It contains no artificial ingredients or preservatives.Vitamin B-50 Complex w/ B-2 Coenzyme, 100% Natural, 330 mg, 100 Caps
B Vitamins are precursors of coenzymes involved in the conversion of cellular energy, manufacture of hormones and proteins, and repair and maintenance of nerve structures. They also function as lipotropics which converts fats to other useful products.Vitamin B-100 Complex w/ B-2 Coenzyme, 100% Natural, 631 mg, 100 Caps
A complete Vitamin B complex of 8 essential vitamins. B Vitamins are precursors of coenzymes involved in the conversion of cellular energy, manufacture of hormones and proteins, and repair and maintenance of nerve structures.Vitamin C 1000 with Bioflavonoids, 100% Natural, 1000 mg, 250 Vcaps
Nature's Way Vitamin C with Bioflavonoids provides antioxidant protection for many of the body's important enzyme systems.Vitamin E, Natural D-Alpha Tocopherol, 400 IU, 100 Softgels
Vitamin E has potent antioxidant activity, supplies oxygen to the blood, aids in strengthening capillary walls, and plays a beneficial role in cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention, anti-aging benefits, circulation, wound-healing, immune function, nervous system function, PMS, hot flushes, diabetes, vascular disease, eye health, tissue repair, athletic performance, leg cramps, skin and hair health, and alleviating fatigue.Zinc Chelate, 100% Natural, Zinc Supplement, Nature's Way, 30 mg, 100 Caps
Nature's Way chelated zinc supplement is 100% natural chelated with an advanced amino acid complex for superior absorption.Herbal Remedies: Alcoholism / Alcohol Abuse Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Alcoholism / Alcohol Abuse Information
HERBS
Alfalfa is a good source of needed nutrients.
Herbal Remedies: Alfa Max, Alfalfa Extract, Nature's Way, 525 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Alfalfa Powder, Whole Food Supplement, NOW Foods, 1 lb.
Herbal Remedies: Alfalfa Leaves, Nature's Way, 405 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Alfalfa, NOW Foods, 650 mg, 500 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Alfalfa Leaf Root Powder (Medicago Sativa), Kosher, 4 oz. Bulk
Burdock Root and Red Clover cleanse the bloodstream.
Herbal Remedies: Burdock Root Powder (Arctium Lappa), 4 oz. Bulk
Herbal Remedies: Burdock Root, Nature's Way, 540 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Red Clover Herb, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Red Clover Powder (Trifolium Pratense), 4 oz. Bulk
Herbal Remedies: Red Clover Tea, Alvita Tea, 30 Tea Bags
Dandelion Root and Silymarin (Milk Thistle Extract) help to repair damage done to the liver.
Herbal Remedies: Dandelion Tea, NOW Foods, Organic, 30 Tea Bags
Herbal Remedies: Dandelion Root, Vegetarian, Nature's Way, 540 mg, 180 VCaps
Herbal Remedies: Dandelion Root Powder (Taraxacum Officinale), 4 oz. Bulk
Herbal Remedies: Organic Roasted Dandelion Root Tea, Kosher, Traditional Medicinals, 16 Tea Bags
Herbal Remedies: Silymarin, NOW Foods, Vegetarian, 150 mg, 60 VCaps
Milk Thistle (Silymarin) may be taken in capsule form and prevents and treats cirrhosis and other liver disorders. Take 600 mg (about 5 tablets) daily. Note: Milk thistle may cause mild diarrhea. If this occurs, reduce the dosage or discontinue use.
Herbal Remedies: Thisilyn, Milk Thistle Extract, Vegetarian, Nature's Way, 175 mg, 100 VCaps
Herbal Remedies: Milk Thistle Extract, Standardized, Nature's Way, 175 mg, 60 VCaps
Valerian Root has a calming effect. It is best taken at bedtime.
Herbal Remedies: Valerian Nighttime With Lemon Balm, Valerian Supplement, Nature's Way, 265 mg, 100 Tabs
Herbal Remedies: Valerian Root Extract, Standardized, 510 mg, 90 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Valerian Root, Nature's Way, 530 mg, 100 VCaps
Herbal Remedies: Ex-Stress Formula With Valerian, Natural Stress Relief Supplement, Nature's Way, 430 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Valerian Root Powder (Valeriana Officinalis), 4 oz. Bulk
Kudzo (Pueraria Lobata - Pueraria root): The creeping kudzu vine is native to Japan but now has spread throughout the southeastern United States. The root is used in herbal medicine. Chinese physicians have used kudzu as a cure for alcoholism for over 2,000 years. The tea that is used is called xing-jiu-ling, which is literally translated as "sober up". Kudzu tonics are considered effective for controlling and suppressing the appetite for alcohol, without side effects. Kudzu usually reduced the alcohol cravings within a week, and in over 80 percent of cases, alcohol cravings were completely gone within two to four weeks of treatment. Researchers have discovered two compounds in kudzu that alter the enzymes that break down alcohol in the liver. As a result, an alcohol byproduct called acetaldehyde builds up. When this happens, nausea, facial redness, and general discomfort usually ensue. these compounds work in the same way as the prescription drug disulfiram (Antabuse). Kudzu compounds, however, do not induce nausea to as great an extent as disulfiram, although both treatments increase the discomfort of intoxication. It is thought that the compound diaidzin in kudzu becomes less effective when purified during processing, thus the her is more effective in its natural state, such as in kudzu tea. It is possible that people of East Asian ancestry have the greatest response to kudzu as a treatment for alcohol abuse since approximately 80 percent of the population lacks the enzyme that processes acetaldehyde. Since alcohol tolerance is genetically lower among such persons, kudos may have a more dramatic effect on them. If taking tablets, Take 10 mg 3 times daily.
Herbal Remedies: Kudzu Root Extract, Nature's Way, 613 mg, 50 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Kudzu Powder (Pueraria Lobata), 4 oz. Bulk
Reishi prevents alcohol-induced fatty liver and cirrhosis. If taking Reishi tablets, take 3,000 grams 3 times daily.
Herbal Remedies: Reishi Liver Guard Herbal Tea, 20 Tea Bags
Herbal Remedies: Reishi Mushroom, Standardized Extract, Nature's Way, 188 mg, 100 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Reishi Gano 161 Mushroom, 400 mg, 90 VCaps
Herbal Remedies: Reishi Mushroom Powder, 100% Organic, 4 oz.
Soy lecithin promotes liver cell regeneration and protects the liver from toxic damage. Take 1,500-3,000 mg daily. Note: Soy lecithin may cause mild diarrhea when first used.
Herbal Remedies: Lecithin Vegetarian Granules, 97% Phosphatides, Identity Preserved, Non-GE, NOW Foods, 1 lb.
Herbal Remedies: Lecithin Vegetarian Granules, 97% Phosphatides, Pure & Fresh, NOW Foods, 1 lb.
Herbal Remedies: Lecithin Fine Vegetarian Granules, 97% Phosphatides, Pure & Fresh, NOW Foods, 1 lb.
Herbal Remedies: Lecithin Concentrate, Nature's Way, 400 mg, 100 Softgels
Herbal Remedies: Liquid Lecithin, Vegetarian, NOW Foods, 16 fl. oz.
Take Omega-3 fatty acids daily to reduce depression. These essential fatty acids, found in black currant oil, evening primrose oil, flaxseed oil, and fish oil, are essential for proper brain function.
Herbal Remedies: Omega Swirl, Omega 3 Flax Oil Supplement, Strawberry Banana, Vegetarian, Barlean's, 16 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Barlean's Flax Oil, Cinnamon, Organic, Omega 3, 12 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Barlean's Flax Oil, Highest Lignan, 1000 mg, 250 Caps
Herbal Remedies: Barlean's Fresh Flax Oil, 16 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Black Currant Oil, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 Softgels
Herbal Remedies: Evening Primrose Oil, 100% Pure, NOW Foods, 4 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Evening Primrose Oil, Cold Pressed, Nature's Way, 1300 mg, 120 Softgels
Herbal Remedies: Omega 3 Fish Oil Supplement, Mood Aid, EFA Gold, Enteric Coated, Nature's Way, 60 Softgels
Herbal Remedies: Omega 3 Fish Oil, Lemon Flavored, All Natural, NOW Foods, 7 oz.
HOLISTIC RECOMMENDATIONS & SUGGESTIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
Avoid all alcohol. Total abstinence is an absolute requirement for regaining control over your life and your health. Even after years of sobriety, you cannot begin drinking again and expect to maintain control over it. As little as one sip of something containing alcohol can renew the drinking pattern. You must choose not to drink. This included all tinctures, products and medications containing alcohol. There is no such thing as social drinking to someone with alcoholism.
Seek help from a person or persons knowledgeable about this disorder. Alcoholics Anonymous has been useful in helping alcoholics achieve and maintain sobriety. Al-Anon and Alateen are similar groups that provides support for the friends and families of alcoholics. A strong support system can make behavioral changes much easier for everyone. The assistance and counseling services of these groups are available in nearly every city and town nationwide. Look in your local phone directory for the group nearest to you, or call your local mental health association for information.
Alcohol and substance abuse specialists sometimes recommend a supervised "intervention" to force an alcoholic into admitting the problem and entering treatment. Psychological techniques have been developed and refined over the past few years, which seems to have increased the success rate among alcoholics seeking to recover and remain sober. Such interventions are delicate situations and should be undertaken under the supervision of a trained professional. Check into local alcohol rehabilitation services available in your region, if you are interested in this type of approach to alcoholism.
Some programs, such as Moderation Management, are available to help problem drinkers (not true alcoholics) reduce their drinking without completely stopping. This program entails a 30-day abstinence period. After that, you may consume no more than 4 drinks a day and no more than 14 drinks per week (for women, no more than 3 per day and and no more than nine per week).
If possible, consult a nutritionally oriented health care provider to determine your specific nutritional needs.
Go on a ten-day live juice and cleansing fast to remove toxins from the body quickly.
Eat a nutrient-dense diet of fresh whole foods, organically grown if possible, and follow the nutritional supplement recommendations (see above). The primary foods should be raw fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Eat several daily servings of dark green, yellow, or orange vegetables. The vitamin A in these vegetables reduces the cravings for alcohol, and eases other complications of alcoholism, including hormonal imbalance, sexual dysfunction, and night blindness.
People in recovery from alcoholism are less likely to have seizures if their diets include adequate amounts of calories and protein. Dietary protein is essential for the normal functioning of a brain enzyme that recycles acetylcholine, which is essential for transmitting messages from nerve to nerve in the brain.
Avoid saturated fats and fried foods, which put stress on the liver. For essential fatty acids, use primrose oil supplements plus small amounts of cold-pressed organic vegetable oils.
Do not consume refined sugar or anything that contains it. Alcoholics often have disorders of sugar metabolism. People with a sweet tooth are at a greater risk for developing alcoholism. Studies have found that 62 percent of alcoholic men like the taste of a super sweet sugar solution, compared with 21 percent of those without a drinking problem. Animal studies show that a high sugar intake indicates a potential motivation to drink alcohol, but that actual alcoholism occurs only after many years of drinking.
Get plenty of rest, especially in the early weeks of recovery, to allow your body to cleanse and repair itself.
Avoid people, things, and places that are associated with drinking. Make new friendships with people who do not drink. Taking up a hobby, becoming involved in sports, and exercising promote self-esteem and provide a productive outlet for energy.
As much as possible, avoid stress. Cultivate patience; this will be needed for the long, slow road to recovery.
Do not take any drugs except for those prescribed by your health care provider. Recovering alcoholics should avoid the use of tranquilizers, because there is a risk of substituting one addiction for another. Sobriety should be drug-free.
If you suspect that someone you know may be abusing alcohol, encourage the person to seek professional care.
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Depending on the individual, treatment for alcoholism may involve one or more of the following:
- Detoxification & Withdrawal: This usually takes 4 to 7 days and will probably involve medications to prevent delirium tremens or withdrawal seizures. Alcoholics who stop drinking often experience withdrawal symptoms, especially during the first week or so that they abstain from alcohol. Insomnia, visual and auditory hallucinations, convulsions, acute anxiety, a rapid pulse, profuse perspiration, and fever can occur. With time and appropriate supervision, these symptoms will pass and the alcoholic is set free to begin a lifelong work of recovery.
- Medical Assessment & Treatment: This may entail examinations and treatment for high blood pressure, liver disease, high blood sugar, and heart disease, among other health problems.
- Psychological Support / Psychiatric Care: This includes counseling and therapy to get at the underlying problems that may have led to alcohol abuse.
- Acceptance / Abstinence: It is necessary to accept the situation (admit that one is a problem drinker or an alcoholic) and desire to abstain in order to be cured.
- Drug Treatment: A drug called disuliram (Antabuse) may be used to cause an aversion reaction to the consumption of alcohol. Those on this drug experience nausea, vomiting, severe headaches, blurred vision, and sometimes a feeling of impending feeling of death if they take even a small sip of alcohol. Naltrexone (ReVia) is an opiate blocker and is used to block the alcohol "high" and reduce the urge to drink. This is usually administered as a 50 mg daily dose for 12 consecutive weeks. A new non-addictive drug, acamprosate calcium (Campral), has been approved for treating those who want to remain alcohol-free after successfully stopping their drinking. Administered as two 355 mg capsules three times daily with meals, it effectively eliminates the discomfort cause by alcohol withdrawal. Acamprosate calcium is thought to act on the brain pathways directly to reduce withdrawal symptoms.
- Aftercare: This is continued care to manage relapse and assist with lifestyle changes.
Poor nutrition can enhance the adverse effects of ethanol. Alcoholics are at much greater risk of malnutrition than other people, since as much as 50 percent of their caloric intake may come from ethanol at the expense of nutritious foods. Alcoholics are commonly deficient in folic acid, and malabsorption due to pancreatic insufficiency is often a major problem.
Long-term alcohol abuse can promote a zinc-deficient state, most likely because of increased fecal and urinary losses. Zinc plays a vital role in a variety of enzyme systems in the body, as well as in DNA and RNA production. It also helps to regulate copper levels in the brain, reducing anxiousness and paranoia. A deficiency of zinc can result in anorexia, impaired senses of smell and taste, growth retardation, disorders of the reproduction system, and impaired wound healing and immune function. Pathological changes in the stomach occur due to zinc deficiency. Alcohol-related zinc deficiency accelerates the poisoning of cells that come into contact with alcohol by altering the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and nutrients. This leads to malabsorption problems, a depressed metabolism, and nutritional deficiencies.
A Department of Health and Human Services study showed that tobacco smokers and alcohol drinkers who regularly use high-alcohol mouthwash may be more likely than other people to get oral and pharyngeal (throat) cancers.
Alcohol is one of the most damaging substances to the stomach and the small intestine. It reduces the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine, and it is one of the few substances that can penetrate the lining of the stomach and cause damage. Gastric secretions increase with alcohol consumption, causing excess acidity and diluting digestive enzymes. This can lead to gastritis.
Chronic alcohol consumption alters red blood cell membranes and causes various other types of cells, including gastrointestinal cells, to lose their normal flexibility.
A recovering alcoholic who resumes drinking, even after years of sobriety, will damage his or her liver as though the drinking had never stopped in the first place.
The drug naltrexone (ReVia) blocks the pleasurable effects of endogenous opioids, opiate-like substances released by the brain in response to alcohol, and may help problem drinkers remain sober by reducing the craving for alcohol. In two separate studies conducted at the University of Pennsylvania and the Yale University School of Medicine, people who took this drug were three times likelier than other patients to stick with their recovery programs. However, this drug is not suitable for people with liver disease.
Alpha lipoic acid, a powerful antioxidant, has been used successfully to treat alcohol-induced liver damage. It aids in protecting the liver and pancreas from alcoholic damage.
In some countries, hyperbaric oxygen has been used successfully in the treatment of alcoholism.
Binge drinking is a sign of severe alcoholism. The binge drinker will drink to the point of intoxication and stay that way for a few days, often without consuming many solid foods. The binge may end in vomiting, which is the body's way of getting rid of the excess alcohol, and then passing out. Frequently the person does not remember the events that happened during the binge. Binge drinkers consume larger quantities of alcohol on a regular basis and also experience more intoxication and alcohol-related problems than non-binge drinkers do. Binge drinking can cause dangerous cardiac arrhythmias.
Limiting one's drinking to beer or wine does not protect against alcoholism or damage from alcohol. Twelve ounces of beer or 5 ounces of wine is comparable in alcohol content to 1.25 ounces of 80-proof liquor (such as whiskey or vodka). Because it is more concentrated, straight liquor is absorbed into the bloodstream more quickly than beer and wine.
Some research has indicated that the children of teetotalers are actually at higher risk of becoming alcohol abusers even than children of alcoholics. This has been taken to mean that children reared in homes where alcohol is accepted as a social norm and not abused are less likely than others to become alcoholics. However, later research has found that children of alcoholics are more inclined than children of non-alcoholics to use drugs, including cocaine. These children are 400 times more likely to use drugs than those who do not have a family history of alcohol addiction. Studies conducted in Sweden revealed that majority of babies of alcoholics who were adopted by non-alcoholic families eventually grew up to become alcoholics, indicating a correlation between chemical dependency and genetics.
College students today are getting drunk more often and are drinking in order to become drunk. The number of students who drink to become intoxicated was two to three times as high today as it was two decades ago.
Researchers have found that children who were diagnosed with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) are more likely than their peers to report alcohol-related problems, as well as drug and tobacco addictions, later in life. This study was reported in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Youngsters with severe inattention problems were 5 times more likely than others to have used an illegal drugs other than alcohol or marijuana at an early age. This turned out to be a uniquely important variable even when the presence of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) were considered. The Risk factor for inattention paralleled the importance of family history as a predictor.
Alcohol enters the bloodstream relatively quickly, as it can be absorbed through both the stomach and small intestine (unlike food, which is absorbed through the intestines only). It takes nearly one hour for the body to break down one unit of alcohol in the bloodstream (for older people, it can take longer). The more drinks are consumed in an hour, the higher the alcohol content of the blood. Blood alcohol levels of 400 mg/dL (milligrams per tenth of a liter) can be life-threatening. Once the alcohol is in the blood, there is nothing that can be done to hurry the process of removing it. The idea that cold showers, coffee, and/or eating can help you sober up is false.
Although some people fall asleep faster when drinking, alcohol depresses REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. REM is an essential part of the healthy sleep cycle and if disturbed, the result is usually a desire to sleep longer in the morning and a sluggish feeling that lasts throughout the day.
Hangovers could be caused by a combination of factors, including dehydration, overeating, and disturbed sleep. Even small amounts of alcohol can sometimes cause unpleasant side effects the next morning in some individuals. Usually, the best remedy includes rest and re-hydration. Drinking a large lass of water before retiring and another in the morning may help take the edge off "the morning after". Taking over-the-counter pain medication such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxin, or aspirin before hangover symptoms begin sometimes helps with the headaches; however, extreme caution must be used. When combined with alcohol, these medications may irritate your stomach and can even be toxic to the liver. This is why there is now a required warning label on over-the-counter painkillers, and medications that contain them, cautioning against using them if you consume more than 3 alcoholic drinks per day. Mixing alcohol with any medication is not recommended.
Medications such as tranquilizers, antidepressants, codeine, morphine, phenobarbital, and even some antibiotics can form toxic combinations with alcohol. Combining alcohol with antihistamines can enhance depression of the central nervous system. Combining alcohol with sleeping pills can be deadly.
PREGNANT WOMEN SHOULD AVOID ALL ALCOHOL.
Alcohol has been shown to affect older adults differently than other people. It is more likely to hinder the absorption of nutrients, and it can also pose a danger if mixed with many medications taken to control age-related chronic illnesses. Unfortunately, alcoholism among elderly people is more common than one might think. It can go unnoticed or without intervention. Some people tend to think that older people have "earned the right to drink." The truth is, however, that elders have just as much right to recovery as anyone else.
Contrary to popular belief that alcohol heightens sexual arousal, it actually has the opposite effect - depression. It can cause sexual dysfunction in men and disrupt menstrual cycles in women.
Various studies have shown that, in small amounts, alcohol can have protective effects against certain vascular and cancerous diseases. The amount of alcohol shown to be protective has varied slightly from study to study. The accepted definition of moderate alcoholic intake according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture is one drink or less per day for women and two drinks or less per day for men (a "drink" being defined as 12 ounces of beer, 4 ounces of wine or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor). Nobody is suggesting that non-drinkers begin drinking to protect their hearts. Instead, they suggest less risky options such as regular light exercise, not smoking, and decreasing the amount of saturated fat in the diet.
NOTIFY YOUR MIDWIFE OR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...
You or a family member has symptoms of alcoholism or any of the diseases often seen related with alcoholism, such as liver disease, diabetes, gastric problems and so forth.
Call 9-1-1 if you, a friend or a family member exhibits signs of alcohol poisoning. Alcohol toxicity can be life-threatening and fatal.
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Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
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Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
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Prescription for Herbal Healing: The A-To-Z Reference To Common Disorders
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The Complete Guide to Natural Healing
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