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DESCRIPTION
Alcoholism is a psychological and/or physiological dependence on ethanol (ethyl alcohol), resulting in chronic disease and disruption of interpersonal, family and work relationships. Of the estimated 75 percent of the American population that consumes alcohol, one in ten people can be expected to have a problem with alcohol consumption. Another rough estimate indicates that one in 50 of the USA population is alcohol dependent. Alcoholism currently affects approximately four times as many men as women, but the incidence of alcoholism among women is on the rise, as is the use of alcohol by children, adolescents, and college students.
Alcohol affects everyone differently. Some become intoxicated with the first drink; others may be able to consume four or five drinks before showing any effects. In alcoholics, each drink triggers a craving for another. Alcoholism is a progressive disease that usually starts with acceptable social drinking. This leads to a drink for every mood: one to calm down, one to perk up, one to celebrate, one to "drown one's sorrows," and so forth. After a while the alcoholic needs no excuse to drink. In time, the alcoholic is completely controlled by his or her dependence on alcohol. Alcoholics may become ashamed and angry at their compulsive behavior, and harbor deep feelings of inadequacy inside. This usually only leads to further alcohol abuse. They will use alcohol to numb their pain. They may also begin taking out their frustrations on those closest to them.
Alcoholism is unique for each individual; no two cases are alike. Some people drink moderate to heavy amounts of alcohol for years before becoming clinically dependent on it; others may become addicted to alcohol the very first time they ever take a drink. There is considerable debate as to whether alcoholism is a result of genetics or environment. While there are sizable bodies of evidence to support both sides, the truth probably lies somewhere in between; alcoholism is probably the result of a combination of the two.
As far as the physical effects of alcohol on the body is concerned, alcohol is a poison. Some of the effects of chronic alcohol consumption include damage to the brain, liver, pancreas, duodenum, and central nervous system. Alcoholism causes metabolic damage to every cell in the body and depresses the immune system. It may take years before the consequences of excessive drinking become evident, but if an alcoholic continues to drink, his or her life span may be shortened by ten to fifteen years or more.
Alcohol is broken down in the liver. The repeated consumption of alcohol inhibits the liver's production of digestive enzymes, impairing the body's ability to absorb proteins, fats, and fat soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, and K), as well as B-complex vitamins (especially thiamine and folic acid) and other water-soluble vitamins. Many essential nutrients are not retained for use by the body; they are rapidly eliminated through the urine. The toxic effect of alcohol on the liver is very serious.
The normal liver will be smooth texture and firm to the touch.
First excessive amounts of fat accumulate in the liver, a result of alcohol's effect on the body's ability to digest fats properly.
In acute hepatitis, the liver may be enlarged and tender to the touch.
Next the alcoholic may develop hepatitis, a condition in which liver cells become inflamed and may die.
The progressive damage of hepatitis can lead to inflammation, scarring,
shrinkage of the liver and hardening of tissue, and formation of nodules.
The final, usually fatal stage of alcoholic liver damage is cirrhosis of the liver, a disease characterized by inflammation, hardening, and scarring of the liver.
The liver may become small and hard, with extensive scarring and many nodules.
This prevents the normal passage of blood through the liver, inhibiting the organ's ability to filter out toxins and foreign substances.
The liver is one of the most robust organs of the body. It is the only organ that has the ability to regenerate itself after certain types of damage. Up to 25 percent of the liver can be removed, and within a short period of time, it will grow back to its original shape and size. It continually takes abuse, but if cared for properly, it will function more than adequately for decades. Alcohol is one of the toxins that the liver doesn't handle as well as others. The liver cannot regenerate after being severely damaged by alcohol.
There are many other health consequences of alcoholism as well. Alcoholics often experience damage to their peripheral nervous systems. This damage may show up initially as a loss of sensation in the hands or feet, with an accompanying difficulty in walking. Chronic drinking also causes the inflammation of the pancreas. This further hampers the body's ability to digest fats and other nutrients, and can lead to diabetes. Alcoholics face an increased risk of mouth and throat cancer due to the direct toxicity of the alcohol. They may also experience high blood pressure, reduced testosterone production, visible dilation of blood vessels just beneath the skin's surface, and pathological enlargement of the heart that can progress to congestive heart failure. The social consequences of alcoholism can be very destructive as well. Alcohol abuse takes a tremendous toll on society through traffic and other accidents, poor job performance, and emotional damage to entire families.
Drinking during pregnancy is particularly dangerous. The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can cause birth defects and increases the chance of miscarriage. Alcohol passes through the mother's placenta and into fetal circulation. This toxic substance depresses the central nervous system of the fetus. Further, the fetal liver must try to metabolize the alcohol, but since the fetus's liver is not fully developed, the alcohol remains in the fetal circulation. Women who drink during pregnancy generally give birth to babies with lower birth weights. Their growth may be retarded or stunted; their brains may be smaller than normal, and there may be mental retardation as well. Limbs, joints, fingers, and facial features may be deformed. Heart and kidney defects may occur. Some children exposed to alcohol in utero become hyperactive at adolescence and exhibit learning disabilities. Every drink a pregnant woman consumes increases her child's risk of being born with fetal alcohol syndrome, and also increases her chances of miscarriage. Even moderate amounts of alcohol may be harmful, especially in the first three to four months of pregnancy.
Alcoholics who stop drinking often experience withdrawal symptoms, especially during the first week or so that they abstain from alcohol. Insomnia, visual and auditory hallucinations, convulsions, acute anxiety, a rapid pulse, profuse perspiration, and fever can occur. With time, however, and with appropriate supervision if necessary (as in a alcohol rehab program), these symptoms pass and the alcoholic is set free to begin the lifelong work of recovery.
FREQUENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Early stages:
- Increased tolerance to the effects of alcohol.
- Low tolerance for anxiety.
- Need for alcohol at the beginning of the day, or at times of stress.
- Insomnia, nightmares.
- Habitual Monday-morning hangovers, and frequent absences from work.
- Preoccupation with obtaining alcohol and hiding drinking from family and friends.
- Guilt or irritability when others suggest drinking is excessive.
Late stages:
- Frequent blackouts; memory loss; depression.
- Delirium tremens (tremors, hallucinations, confusion, sweating, rapid heartbeat). These occur most often with alcohol withdrawal.
- Liver disease (jaundice, internal bleeding, bloating).
- Neurological impairment (numbness and tingling in hands and feet, declining sexual interest and potency, confusion, coma).
- Congestive heart failure (shortness of breath, swelling of feet).
CAUSES
Not fully understood, but include:
- Personality factors, especially dependency, anger, mania, depression or introversion.
- Family influences, especially alcoholic or divorced parents.
- Social and cultural pressure to drink.
- Abnormal metabolism of alcohol (perhaps).
RISK INCREASES WITH
The risk for alcohol dependency increases with:
- Genetic factors. Some ethnic groups have high alcoholism rates either for social or biological reasons.
- Use of recreational drugs.
- Crisis situations, including unemployment, frequent moves, or loss of friends or family.
- Inadequate, insecure and immature personality types.
- Environmental factors such as ready availability, afford-ability, and social acceptance of alcohol in the culture group, work group or social group.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Keep to safe limits of alcohol intake as recommended by medical authorities. Do not do "binge" drinking (e.g., on weekends or parties). Do not drink to get drunk.
Drink slowly, never gulp alcoholic drinks. Do not drink on an empty stomach.
Do not drink to relieve stress, anxiety, tension or depression.
Counseling for people at risk of alcoholism, such as a family history of the disorder.
Provide children with a loving, stable family environment. Use alcohol in moderation if at all to provide a healthy role model.
Encourage a spouse, friends or co-worker to admit when an alcohol problem exists, and seek professional care.
EXPECTED OUTCOME
Without treatment, alcoholism can lead to progressive brain and liver disease, job loss, divorce, possibly criminal behavior, premature death.
With abstinence (absence of alcohol or drugs), sobriety is a way of life. The change in lifestyle is difficult and relapses occur. If you are determined to give up alcohol, you can.
POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
Chronic and progressive liver disease.
Gastric erosion (raw area in stomach lining) with bleeding, stomach inflammation.
Neuritis, tremors, seizures and brain impairment.
Inflammation of the heart.
Mental and physical damage to the fetus if a woman drinks during pregnancy.
Family members of alcoholics may develop psychological symptoms requiring treatment and support groups such as Al-Anon.
TREATMENT
GENERAL MEASURES
For successful treatment, the alcoholic must recognize the existence of the problem and be willing to grapple with it.
No single form of treatment works for all alcoholics. Psychological, social, and physical treatments may be combined.
Some patients may require detoxification (medical help in getting over the physical withdrawal symptoms when drinking is stopped).
Sometimes requires inpatient care at a special treatment center.
Keep appointments with health care providers and counselors.
Join a local Alcoholics Anonymous group or other support group and attend meetings regularly.
Reassess your lifestyle, friends, work, and family to identify and alter factors that encourage drinking.
The NCADD SELF-TEST
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF ALCOHOLISM?
Here is a self-test to help you review the role alcohol plays in your life. These questions incorporate many common symptoms of alcoholism . This test is intended to help you determine if you or someone you know needs to find out more about alcoholism; It is not intended to be used to establish the diagnosis of alcoholism.
- Do you ever drink heavily when you are disappointed, under pressure or have had a quarrel with someone?
- Can you handle more alcohol now than when you first started to drink?
- Have you ever been unable to remember part of the previous evening, even though your friends said that you did not pass out?
- When drinking with other people, do you try to have a few extra drinks when others won't know about?
- Do you sometimes feel uncomfortable if alcohol is not available?
- Do you sometimes feel a little guilty about your drinking?
- Are you in more of a hurry to get your first drink of the day than you used to be?
- Has a family member or close friend ever expressed concern or complained about your drinking?
- Have you been having more memory 'blackouts' recently?
- Do you often want to continue drinking after your friends say they've had enough?
- Do you usually have a reason for the occasions when you drink heavily?
- When you're sober, do you sometimes regret things you did or said while drinking?
- Have you tried switching brands or drinks, or following different plans to control your drinking?
- Have you sometimes failed to keep promises you made to yourself about controlling or cutting down on your drinking?
- Have you ever had a DWI (driving while intoxicated) or DUI (driving under the influence of alcohol) violation, or any other legal problem related to your drinking?
- Do you try to avoid family or close friends while you are drinking?
- Are you having more financial, work, school and/or family problems as a result of your drinking?
- Has your health care provider ever advised you to cut down on your drinking?
- Do you eat very little or irregularly during the periods when you are drinking?
- Do you sometimes have the "shakes" in the morning and find that it helps to have a "little" drink, tranquilizer medication of some kind?
- Have you recently noticed that you can't drink as much as you used to?
- Do you sometimes stay drunk for several days at a time?
- After periods of drinking do you sometimes see or hear things that aren't there?
- Have you ever gone to anyone for, help about your drinking?
- Do you ever feel depressed or anxious before, during or after of heavy drinking?
Any answer indicates that you may be a greater risk for alcoholism. More than one answer may indicate the presence of an alcohol-related problem or alcoholism, and the need for consultation with a alcoholism professional.
WHAT IS ALCOHOLISM?
Alcoholism is a disease which there is impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with alcohol, continued use of alcohol in the face of adverse consequences and distorted thinking. Generally speaking, alcoholism is repeated drinking that causes trouble in the drinker's personal, professional, family or school life. When alcoholics drink, they can't always predict when they'll stop, how much they'll drink or what the consequences of their drinking will be. Denial of the negative effects of alcohol in their lives is common among alcoholics and those close to them. There is no known cure for alcoholism. The disease can be arrested through complete abstinence from alcohol and other addictive drugs. Once abstinent, most alcoholics recover from the damage caused by their drinking. More than 1.5 million Americans are currently in recovery from their own alcoholism.
Alcohol Abuse: How to Recognize Problem Drinking
Am I drinking too much?
YES, if you are:
- A woman who has more than seven drinks* per week or more than three drinks per occasion
- A man who has more than 14 drinks* per week or more than four drinks per occasion
- Older than 65 years and having more than seven drinks* per week or more than three drinks per occasion
*--One drink = one 12-oz bottle of beer (4.5 percent alcohol) or one 5-oz glass of wine (12.9 percent alcohol) or 1.5 oz of 80-proof distilled spirits.
Am I drinking heavily?
YES, if you are:
- A woman who has more than three drinks every day or 21 drinks per week
- A man who has more than five drinks every day or 35 drinks per week
Am I taking risks with alcohol?
YES, if you:
- Drink and drive, operate machinery or mix alcohol with medicine (over-the-counter and prescription medicine)
- Don't tell your surgeon, physician or pharmacist that you are a regular drinker
- Are pregnant or are trying to become pregnant and drink at all (even small amounts of alcohol may hurt an unborn child)
- Drink alcohol while you are looking after small children
Has my drinking become a habit?
YES, if you drink regularly to:
- Relax, relieve anxiety or go to sleep
- Be more comfortable in social situations
- Avoid thinking about sad or unpleasant things
- Socialize with other regular drinkers
Is alcohol taking over my life?
YES, if you:
- Ever worry about having enough alcohol for an evening or weekend
- Hide alcohol or buy it at different stores so people will not know how much you are drinking
- Switch from one kind of drink to another hoping that this will keep you from drinking too much or getting drunk
- Try to get "extra" drinks at a social event or sneak drinks when others aren't looking
Has drinking alcohol become a problem for me?
YES, if you:
- Can't stop drinking once you start
- Have tried to stop drinking for a week or so but only quit for a few days
- Fail to do what you should at work or at home because of drinking
- Feel guilty after drinking
- Find other people make comments to you about your drinking
- Have a drink in the morning to get yourself going after drinking heavily the night before
- Can't remember what happened while you were drinking
- Have hurt someone else as a result of your drinking
What can I do about drinking too much?
Try to cut down to safe drinking levels: less than seven drinks per week and less than three drinks per occasion for women and older people, and less than 14 drinks per week and less than four drinks per occasion for men.
How can I get help for an alcohol problem?
If you feel you need help to cut down, you can contact:
- Your health care provider for advice, treatment or referral
- Self-help support groups (see "Other Organizations")
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (see "Other Organizations"). Call for information about local treatment programs and to speak to someone about your alcohol problem
Other Organizations:
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
http://www.samhsa.gov/centers/csat2002/csat_frame.html
800-662-HELP
Women for Sobriety
http://www.womenforsobriety.org/
800-333-1606
SMART Recovery
http://www.smartrecovery.org
440-951-5357
Adult Children of Alcoholics
http://www.adultchildren.org/
310-534-1815
Al-Anon and Alateen
http://www.al-anon.alateen.org/
800-344-2666
Alcoholics Anonymous
http://www.aa.org/
212-870-3400
National Association for Children of Alcoholics
http://www.nacoa.org
National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
http://www.health.org
800-729-6686
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov
301-443-3860
TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM
Depending on the individual, treatment for alcoholism may involve one or more of the following:
- DETOXIFICATION & WITHDRAWAL: This usually takes four to seven days and will probably involve medications to prevent delirium tremens or withdrawal seizures. Alcoholics who stop drinking often experience withdrawal symptoms, especially during the first week or so that they abstain from alcohol. Insomnia, visual and auditory hallucinations, convulsions, acute anxiety, a rapid pulse, profuse perspiration, and fever can occur. With time and appropriate supervision, these symptoms pass and the alcoholic is set free to begin the lifelong work of recovery.
- MEDICAL ASSESSMENT & TREATMENT: This may entail examination and treatment for high blood pressure, liver disease, high blood sugar, and heart disease, among other problems.
- PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT / PSYCHIATRIC CARE: This includes counseling and therapy to get at the underlying problems that may have led to alcohol abuse.
- ACCEPTANCE / ABSTINENCE: It is necessary to accept the situation (admit that one is a problem drinker or an alcoholic) and desire to abstain in order to be cured.
- DRUG TREATMENT: A drug called disulfiram (Antabuse) may be used to cause an aversion reaction to the consumption of alcohol. Those on this drug experience nausea, vomiting, severe headaches, blurred vision, and sometimes an impending feeling of death if they take even a small sip of alcohol. Naltrexone (ReVia) is an opiate blocker and is used to block the alcohol "high" and reduce the urge to drink. This is usually administered as a 50 mg daily dose for 12 consecutive weeks. A new nonaddictive drug, acamprosate calcium (Campral), has been approved for treating those who want to remain alcohol-free after successfully stopping their drinking. Administered as two 355 mg capsules 3 times daily with meals, it effectively eliminates the discomfort caused by alcohol withdrawal. Acomprosate calcium is thought to act on the brain pathways directly to reduce withdrawal symptoms.
- AFTERCARE: This is continued care to manage relapses and assist with lifestyle changes.
MEDICATION
Disulfiram (Antiabuse), may be prescribed to help alcoholics stay sober. The drug will causes several extremely unpleasant physical symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, severe headaches, blurred vision, and sometimes a feeling of impending death when alcohol is consumed, even with a small sip of alcohol. Abstinence from alcohol often results with the use of this drug.
The drug naltrexone (Trexan) blocks the pleasurable effects of endogenous opiods, opiate-like substances released by the brain in response to alcohol, and may help problem drinkers remain sober. People who took this drug are three times likelier than other patients to stick with their recovery programs. This drug is not suitable for people with liver disease.
Hyperbaric oxygen has been used successfully in the treatment of alcoholism.
Other medications to help control withdrawal symptoms may be prescribed.
Medications such as tranquilizers, phenobarbital, and over-the-counter pain remedies (acetaminophen found in Tylenol, Datril, and many other products) can form toxic combinations with alcohol. Combining alcohol with antihistamines can enhance depression of the central nervous system.
In recovery, it is best to avoid tranquilizers, as there is a danger of substituting one drug addiction for another. Sobriety should be drug-free.
ACTIVITY
There are usually no restrictions. Discuss physical activities with the health care provider.
DIET, HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS & NUTRIENTS
Dietary supplements while important for everyone, are especially vital for alcoholics. Alcoholics need to supplement all the known vitamins and minerals. The program outlined below is designed to help recovering alcoholics to improve their nutritional condition. There are also some supplements that help with the psychological aspects of recovery by decreasing the desire for alcohol.
Poor nutrition can enhance the adverse effects of ethanol. Alcoholics are at much greater risk of malnutrition than other people, since as much as 50 percent of their caloric intake may come from ethanol at the expense of other nutritious foods. Eat a normal, well balanced diet. Alcoholics are commonly deficient in folic acid, and malabsorption due to pancreatic insufficiency is often a major problem.
Long-term alcohol abuse can promote a zinc-deficiency, most likely because of increased fecal and urinary losses. Zinc plays a vital role in a variety of enzyme systems in the body, as well as in DNA and RNA production. A deficiency of zinc can result in anorexia, impaired senses of smell and taste, growth retardation, disorders of the reproductive system, and impaired wound healing and immune function. Pathological changes in the stomach occur due to zinc deficiency as well. Alcohol-related zinc deficiency accelerates the poisoning of cells that come into contact with alcohol by altering the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and nutrients. This leads to malabsorption problems and other nutritional deficiencies. Chronic alcohol intake often results in a depressed metabolism caused by zinc deficiency.
NUTRIENTS Supplement Suggested Dosage Comments Essential Free-Form Amino Acid Complex 500 mg each 3 times daily on empty stomach. Aids in withdrawal; needed for brain and liver function; necessary for regeneration of liver cells.
Amino 1500, Chewable Blend of 20 Amino Acids, Predigested, NOW Foods, 150 Tabs,
Amino 1000 Complete, NOW Foods, 120 CapsPlus Extra
L-Cysteine
Or
N-AcetylcysteineStart with 500 mg daily and slowly work up to 1,000 mg daily. Aids in withdrawal; needed for brain and liver function; necessary for regeneration of liver cells.
L-Cysteine Structural Support, W/Vitamin B-6 & C, Vegetarian, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 Tabs,
NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine), Now Foods, Selenium, Molybdenum, 600 mg, 100 CapsGamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) 750 mg once or twice daily, as needed. To calm the body and prevent anxiety and stress.
GABA Powder (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid), NOW Foods, 100% Pure, Vegetarian Formula, 500 mg, 6 oz.Plus
InositolAs directed on label. To calm the body and prevent anxiety and stress.
Inositol (Vitamin B-8), 100% Natural, Pure Crystalline, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 100 CapsAnd
Niacinamide500 mg once or twice daily, as needed. To calm the body and prevent anxiety and stress.
Niacinamide, Non-Flushing Niacin, 100% Natural Vitamin B-3, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 100 CapsGlutathione 3,000 mg daily, on an empty stomach. Protects the liver and reduces craving for alcohol. Note: Do not take substitute glutamic acid for glutathione.
L-Glutathione, 250 mg, 60 CapsAnd
L-Methionine1,000 mg daily, on an empty stomach. Take with water or juice. Do not take with milk. Take with 25 mg vitamin B-6 and 100 mg vitamin C for better absorption. Protects glutathione, making it available to the liver.
L-Methionine, 500 mg Plus B-6, 10 mg, 100 CapsPantothenic Acid
(Vitamin B-5)100 mg 3 times daily. Aids the body in alcohol detoxification. Needed to counteract stress.
Pantothenic Acid, 100% Natural, Vitamin B-5, Nature's Way, 250 mg, 100 CapsVitamin B Complex Injections As prescribed by health care provider To correct deficiencies. Injections (under health care provider's supervision) are best. If injections are not available use a B-Complex supplement.
Vitamin B 100 Complex w/Coenzyme B-2, Nature's Way, 631 mg, 100 CapsPlus
Vitamin B-1225 mg 3 times daily. If injections are not available use a sublingual form.
Vitamin B-12 (Cyanocobalamin), 2000 mcg (2 mg), 100 Sublingual LozengesVitamin B-1
(Thiamine)200 mg 3 times daily. Alcoholics often are deficient in B vitamins, especially B-1.
Vitamin B-1 (Thiamine HCl), 100% Natural, 100 mg, 100 CapsVery Important Multi-Enzyme Complex As directed on label. Take with meals. To aid digestion.
Enzymes, All Complete, 250 mg, 90 CapsPlus
Proteolytic EnzymesAs directed on label. Take between meals. Essential for assimilation of protein. Caution: Do not give these supplements to a child.
Bromelain 2000 GDU, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 90 TabsCalcium 2,000 mg daily at bedtime. A vital mineral that has a sedative effect.
Just An Ounce Calcium & Magnesium Liquid, Almond Flavor, 16 fl. oz.,
Calcium & Magnesium Mineral Complex, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 500 mg/250 mg, 250 CapsMagnesium 1,000 mg daily at bedtime. Works with calcium. Magnesium is depleted from the body with alcohol use.
Just An Ounce Calcium & Magnesium Liquid, Almond Flavor, 16 fl. oz.,
Calcium & Magnesium Mineral Complex, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 500 mg/250 mg, 250 CapsPrimrose Oil 1,000 mg 3 times daily, with meals. Used as a good source of essential fatty acids.
Evening Primrose Oil, Cold Pressed, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 250 SoftgelsVitamin C
With
Bioflavonoids3,000-10,000 mg daily, in divided doses. Acts as a powerful antioxidant with healing potential, and promotes production of interferon, which helps the body to resist infection, to which alcoholics are generally more susceptible.
Vitamin C 500 W/Bioflavonoids, 100% Natural, 500 mg, 250 CapsImportant Lecithin Granules Or Capsules Granules: 1 Tbsp 3 times daily, before meals.
Capsules: 1,200 mg 3 times daily, before meals.Good for brain function. Helps correct fatty liver degeneration. May protect against cirrhosis.
Lecithin Concentrate, Nature's Way, 400 mg, 100 Softgels,
Lecithin Fine Vegetarian Granules, NOW Foods, 97% Phosphatides Pure & Fresh, 1 lb.Multi-Vitamin & Mineral Complex As directed on label. All nutrients are needed because of malabsorption problems.
Daily Two Multi-Vitamin Supplement, Iron Free, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 100 Tabs,
Multi-Vitamin & Multi-Mineral w/Iron, Nature's Way, 100 CapsWith
Manganese200 mcg daily. Take separately from calcium. Important trace mineral that enhance immune function. See links in multivitamin-multimineral vitamin supplements.
Manganese Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 30 +/- ppm, 16 fl. ozAnd
Selenium200 mcg daily. Important trace mineral that enhance immune function.
Selenium, 100% Natural, 200 mcg, 100 CapsHelpful Acidophilus As directed on label. Take on empty stomach. Needed for proper digestions Helps the damaged liver.
Acidophilus & Bifidus, NOW Foods, 8 Billion, 60 CapsOr
Bifido Factor
From NatrenAs directed on label. Helps prevent candida infections from developing.
Yeast Cleanse, Candistroy & Probiotic Rebuilder, 2 part Program. Includes 2 Free CD's, 2 Bottles, Nature's Secret, 30 Tabs EachCholine Complex As directed on label. Effective combinations that reduce fatty liver changes, improving liver function.
Choline, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 100 TabsOr
Acetylcholine ComplexAs directed on label. Effective combinations that reduce fatty liver changes, improving liver function.
Or
Phosphatidyl CholineAs directed on label. Effective combinations that reduce fatty liver changes, improving liver function.
Phosphatidylcholine (Derived from Soy), Allergy Research Group, Nutricology, 100 SoftgelsDimethylglycine (DMG)
(Aangamik DMG from FoodScience Labs)125 mg 3 times daily. Carries oxygen to the cells.
DMG Supplement N,N Dimethyl Glycine, NOW Foods, 125 mg, 100 CapsLithium As prescribed by physician. A trace mineral that may help depression. Available by prescription only. Raw Liver Extract As directed on label. A rich source of vitamins and minerals that aids in repairing the liver and in preventing anemia. And
Raw Pancreas GlandularAs directed on label. Helps prevent pancreatic damage, beneficial for people with diabetes associated with alcoholism.
Pancreas (Beef), Organic Glandular (Hypoallergenic), Allergy Research Group/Nutricology, 90 CapsVitamin A
And
Vitamin D25,000 IU daily. If you are pregnant, do not exceed 10,000 IU daily.
400 IU daily.To counteract deficiencies. These vitamins are poorly absorbed if the liver is damaged. Use emulsion forms for easier assimilation and greater safety at higher doses.
Vitamin A & D, Nature's Way, 15,000/400 IU, 100 Caps,
Vitamin A, 10,000 IU, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 100 Softgels and
Vitamin D, 400IU, Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 100 CapsVitamin E 400-1,200 IU daily. Avoid capsule or tablet forms.
Vitamin E, d-alpha tocopherol, 400 IU, 100 SoftgelsZinc 50 mg daily. do not exceed a total of 100 mg daily from all supplements. Deficiency can cause pathological changes in the stomach similar to those cause by alcohol. This mineral may enhance the stomach's ability to process alcohol and help prevent the development of alcoholic lesions in the liver.
Colloidal Silver & Zinc Lozenges SilvaSolution, 90 Lozenges,
Zinc (Chelated), 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 30 mg, 100 Caps
Alcoholism / Alcohol Abuse Supplements
Information for help with alcoholism and alcohol abuse, a progressive, sometimes fatal disease that causes an incessant craving for, loss of control over, increased tolerance for and physical dependence upon alcohol.
Addiction Free Naturally: Liberating Yourself From Sugar, Caffeine, Food Addictions, Tobacco by Brigitte Mars
A comprehensive guide that helps you overcome addictions by using natural remedies including herbs, homeopathy, aromatherapy, flower essence remedies, color therapy, acupressure, and more.Vitamin C 1000 with Bioflavonoids, 100% Natural, 1000 mg, 250 Vcaps
Nature's Way Vitamin C with Bioflavonoids provides antioxidant protection for many of the body's important enzyme systems.Blue Scullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora), Standardized, 100 mg, 60 Vcaps
Scullcap is most commonly used as a sedative and it can take the edge off anxiety and promote sleep for those who struggle with insomnia.Kudzu Root Extract, 613 mg, 50 Caps
Careful preparation of Nature's Way Kudzu Root Extract helps promote consistent result when used as part of a proactive program to overcome detrimental health habits.Branched Chain Amino Acids, Free Form, 120 Caps
Studies on people with alcoholic cirrhosis have shown a benefit to consuming L-valine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine. These branched-chain amino acids enhance protein synthesis in liver cells, help restore liver function, and prevent chronic encephalopathy.L-Cysteine HCL, w/ Vitamin B-6 & C, Vegetarian, 500 mg, 100 Tabs
NOW L-Cysteine functions as an antioxidant and is a powerful aid to the body in protecting against radiation and pollution. It can help slow down the aging process, deactivate free radicals, neutralize toxins; aids in protein synthesis and presents cellular change. Hair and skin are made up 10-14% Cystine.GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid) Supplement, 500 mg, Plus B-6, 2 mg, 100 Caps
GABA is a non-essential amino acid found mainly in the human brain and eyes. It is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it regulates brain and nerve cell activity by inhibiting the number of neurons firing in the brain. GABA is referred to as the brain's natural calming agent.Lecithin, Fine Vegetarian Granules, 97% Phosphatides, Pure and Fresh, 1 lb.
Contains Choline & Inositol which are essential for the breakdown of fats and cholesterol. It helps prevent arterial congestion, helps distribute bodyweight, increases immunity to virus infections, cleans the liver and purifies the kidneys.L-Glutamine, 100% Pure Powder, Free Form Amino Acid & GH Releaser, Vegetarian, 1 lb.
L-Glutamine is an important amino acid and natural Growth Hormone Releaser that helps brain function, and may be used for combating effects of alcoholism, alleviating hypoglycemia, fatigue reduction, improving exercise endurance, benefiting the liver and intestines, maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract, and strengthening the immune system.L-Glutamine, Amino Acid Supplement, 500 mg, 120 Caps
L-Glutamine is an important amino acid and natural Growth Hormone Releaser that helps brain function, and may be used for combating effects of alcoholism, alleviating hypoglycemia, fatigue reduction, improving exercise endurance, benefiting the liver and intestines, maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract, and strengthening the immune system.L-Glutathione, 250 mg, 60 Caps
L-Glutathione is a tripeptide amino acid produced in the liver primarily from cysteine. L-Glutathione acts as a cellular antioxidant by inhibiting free radical proliferation.L-Methionine, 500 mg, Plus B-6, 10 mg, 100 Caps
L-Methionine is an essential sulfur amino acid. The body cannot produce L-Methionine, which must be obtained from food or supplement sources.Inositol (Vitamin B-8), 100% Natural, Pure Crystalline, 500 mg, 100 Caps
Inositol is a direct precursor of phospholipids which are a major component of cellular membranes. It also acts as a lipotropic which converts fats into other useful products.Niacinamide, Non-Flushing Niacin, 100% Natural, Vitamin B-3, 500 mg, 100 Caps
The benefits of Niacin without the discomforts associated with a Niacin flush. Nature's Way Niacinamide is 100% natural.Grape Seed Extract, Standardized, 100 mg, 30 Caps
Grape Seeds (Vinis vinifera) are an excellent source of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) and have been the subject of clinical research in France for their antioxidant activity. Antioxidants play an important role in the development of collagen including skin, connective tissue and vascular walls.Multi-Mineral Complex w/ Iron, 100 Caps
Nature's Way Multi-Mineral Complex with Iron offers a complete carefully dosed blend of minerals vital to the body. This multi-mineral provides nutritional support for normal bone development, muscle function, reproduction and metabolism.Liver Formula Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
The Liver Formula can be used to help treat alcoholism naturally.Silymarin Milk Thistle Extract, 300 mg, 50 Vcaps w/ Artichoke & Dandelion Extract
Silymarin Milk Thistle Extract has been extensively researched in Europe since the 1960's. Milk Thistle has been shown to nutritionally support healthy liver function.Turmeric Extract (Curcuma Longa) Standardized to 95% Curcuminoids, 500 mg, 120 Tabs
Turmeric extract has become a popular herbal supplement due to the potent antioxidant properties of it's active constituent curcuminoids.Pantothenic Acid, 100% Natural, Vitamin B-5, 250 mg, 100 Caps
Pantothenic acid vitamin B-5 is converted to coenzyme A, which is involved in the biochemical cycles responsible for conversion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates into energy.Vitamin B-50 Complex w/ B-2 Coenzyme, 100% Natural, 330 mg, 100 Caps
B Vitamins are precursors of coenzymes involved in the conversion of cellular energy, manufacture of hormones and proteins, and repair and maintenance of nerve structures. They also function as lipotropics which converts fats to other useful products.Alive! Whole Food Energizer Multi-Vitamin with Minerals, 18 mg of Iron Added, 90 Tabs
Alive Whole Food Energizer Multi Vitamin with Mineral with Iron is absorbed into your blood stream 5 times faster than other leading brands.The Prescription for Nutritional Healing: A Practical A-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs, and Food Supplements - 3rd Edition, By Phyllis Balch, C.N.C. & James Balch, M.D
The Prescription for Nutritional Healing is a complete and authoritative guide to dealing with over 250 of the most common ailments and diseases lists many different drug-free remedies for various disorders and health conditions including vitamins, minerals, herbs, food supplements, exercise and meditation.The Power Of Now, A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment, By Eckhart Tolle
In The Power of Now, Eckhart Tolle shows readers how to recognize themselves as the creators of their own pain, and how to have a pain-free existence by living fully in the present.Gold Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 30 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
WaterOz Ionic Gold is a pure liquid Gold supplement. Gold promotes a general euphoric feeling, enhances the body's natural defenses against illness, and promotes vitality and longevity. Gold has been found to improve glandular function. It helps the body to relax.Herbal Detox / Flush One Hour Formula, 16 fl. oz.
This high potency combination makes Daily Herbal Detox and flush a perfect supplement for any detoxification program so you can pass your drug test.Aromatherapy Scent Inhaler, Hangover Helper with Pure Essential Oils
Hangover Helper Scent Inhaler is a natural hangover remedy. The pure essential oils were selected for their known hangover relief benefits to reduce the side effects of excessive alcohol consumption and debauchery.Alpha Lipoic Acid Nature's Supreme Antioxidant, by Rita Elkins, M.H. - Paperback
Rita Elkins discusses how this amazing free-radical scavenger has gained impressive credentials from the results of various studies and its use in Europe and elsewhere.
HERBS
Alfalfa is a good source of needed nutrients.
Burdock Root and Red Clover cleanse the bloodstream.
Dandelion Root and Silymarin (Milk Thistle Extract) help to repair damage done to the liver.
Milk Thistle (silymarin) may be taken in capsule form and prevents and treats cirrhosis and other liver disorders. Take 600 mg (about 5 tablets) daily. Note: Milk thistle may cause mild diarrhea. If this occurs, reduce the dosage or discontinue use.
Valerian Root has a calming effect. It is best taken at bedtime.
Kudzo (Pueraria lobata - Pueraria root): The creeping kudzu vine is native to Japan but now has spread throughout the southeastern United States. The root is used in herbal medicine. Chinese physicians have used kudzu as a cure for alcoholism for over 2,000 years. The tea that is used is called xing-jiu-ling, which is literally translated as "sober up". Kudzu tonics are considered effective for controlling and suppressing the appetite for alcohol, without side effects. Kudzu usually reduced the alcohol cravings within a week, and in over 80 percent of cases, alcohol cravings were completely gone within two to four weeks of treatment. Researchers have discovered two compounds in kudzu that alter the enzymes that break down alcohol in the liver. As a result, an alcohol byproduct called acetaldehyde builds up. When this happens, nausea, facial redness, and general discomfort usually ensue. these compounds work in the same way as the prescription drug disulfiram (Antabuse). Kudzu compounds, however, do not induce nausea to as great an extent as disulfiram, although both treatments increase the discomfort of intoxication. It is thought that the compound diaidzin in kudzu becomes less effective when purified during processing, thus the her is more effective in its natural state, such as in kudzu tea. It is possible that people of East Asian ancestry have the greatest response to kudzu as a treatment for alcohol abuse since approximately 80 percent of the population lacks the enzyme that processes acetaldehyde. Since alcohol tolerance is genetically lower among such persons, kudos may have a more dramatic effect on them. If taking tablets, Take 10 mg 3 times daily.
Reishi prevents alcohol-induced fatty liver and cirrhosis. If taking reishi tablets, take 3,000 grams 3 times daily.
Soy lecithin promotes liver cell regeneration and protects the liver from toxic damage. Take 1,500-3,000 mg daily. Note: Soy lecithin may cause mild diarrhea when first used.
Take Omega-3 fatty acids daily to reduce depression. These essential fatty acids, found in black currant oil, evening primrose oil, flaxseed oil, and fish oil, are essential for proper brain function.
HOLISTIC RECOMMENDATIONS & SUGGESTIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
- Avoid all alcohol. Total abstinence is an absolute requirement for regaining control over your life and your health. Even after years of sobriety, you cannot begin drinking again and expect to maintain control over it. As little as one sip of something containing alcohol can renew the drinking pattern. You must choose not to drink. This included all tinctures, products and medications containing alcohol. There is no such thing as social drinking to someone with alcoholism.
- Seek help from a person or persons knowledgeable about this disorder. Alcoholics Anonymous has been useful in helping alcoholics achieve and maintain sobriety. Al-Anon is a similar group that provides support for the friends and families of alcoholics. The assistance and counseling services of these groups are available in nearly every city and town nationwide. Look in your local mental health association for information.
Alcohol and substance abuse specialists sometimes recommend a supervised "intervention" to force an alcoholic into admitting the problem and entering treatment. Psychological techniques have been developed and refined over the past few years, which seems to have increased the success rate among alcoholics seeking to recover and remain sober. Such interventions are delicate situations and should be undertaken under the supervision of a trained professional. Check into local alcohol rehabilitation services available in your region, if you are interested in this type of approach to alcoholism.
- If possible, consult a nutritionally oriented health care provider to determine your specific nutritional needs.
- Go on a ten-day live juice and cleansing fast to remove toxins from the body quickly.
- Eat a nutrient-dense diet of fresh whole foods, organically grown if possible, and follow the nutritional supplement recommendations (see above). The primary foods should be raw fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Eat several daily servings of dark green, yellow, or orange vegetables. The vitamin A in these vegetables reduces the cravings for alcohol, and eases other complications of alcoholism, including hormonal imbalance, sexual dysfunction, and night blindness.
- People in recovery from alcoholism are less likely to have seizures if their diets include adequate amounts of calories and protein. Dietary protein is essential for the normal functioning of a brain enzyme that recycles acetylcholine, which is essential for transmitting messages from nerve to nerve in the brain.
- Avoid saturated fats and fried foods, which put stress on the liver. For essential fatty acids, use primrose oil supplements plus small amounts of cold-pressed organic vegetable oils.
- Do not consume refined sugar or anything that contains it. Alcoholics often have disorder of sugar metabolism. People with a sweet tooth are at a greater risk for developing alcoholism. Studies have found that 62 percent of alcoholic men like the taste of a super sweet sugar solution, compared with 21 percent of those without a drinking problem. Animal studies show that a high sugar intake indicates a potential motivation to drink alcohol, but that actual alcoholism occurs only after many years of drinking.
- Get plenty of rest, especially in the early weeks of recovery, to allow your body to cleanse and repair itself.
- Avoid people, things, and places that are associated with drinking. Make new friendships with people who do not drink. Taking up a hobby, becoming involved in sports, and exercising promote self-esteem and provide a productive outlet for energy.
- As much as possible, avoid stress. Cultivate patience; this will be needed for the long, slow road to recovery.
- Do not take any drugs except for those prescribed by your health care provider. Recovering alcoholics should avoid the use of tranquilizers, because there is a risk of substituting one addiction for another.
- If you suspect that someone you know may be abusing alcohol, encourage the person to seek professional care.
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
- A Department of Health and Human Services study showed that tobacco smokers and alcohol drinkers who regularly use high-alcohol mouthwash may be more likely than other people to get oral and pharyngeal cancers.
- Alcohol is one of the most damaging substances to the stomach and the small intestine. It is one of the few substances that can penetrate the lining of the stomach and cause damage. Gastric secretions increase with alcohol consumption, causing excess acidity and diluting digestive enzymes. This can lead to gastritis.
- Chronic alcohol consumption alters red blood cell membranes and causes various other types of cells, including gastrointestinal cells, to lose their normal flexibility.
- A recovering alcoholic who resumes drinking, even after years of sobriety, will damage his or her liver as though the drinking had never stopped in the first place.
- Limiting one's drinking to beer or wine does not protect against alcoholism or damage from alcohol. Twelve ounces of beer or 5 ounces of wine is comparable in alcohol content to 1.25 ounces of whiskey.
- Some research has indicated that the children of teetotalers are actually at higher risk of becoming alcohol abusers even than children of alcoholics. This has been taken to mean that children reared in homes where alcohol is accepted as a social norm and not abused are less likely than others to become alcoholics. However, later research has found that children of alcoholics are more inclined than children of non alcoholics to use drugs, including cocaine. These children are 400 times more likely to use drugs than those who do not have a family history of alcohol addiction. Studies conducted in Sweden revealed that majority of babies of alcoholics who were adopted by nonalcoholic families eventually grew up to become alcoholics, indicating a correlation between chemical dependency and genetics.
- College students today are getting drunk more often and are drinking in order to become drunk. The number of students who drink to become intoxicated was two to three times as high today as it was two decades ago.
- Binge drinking is a sign of severe alcoholism. the binge drinker will drink to the point of intoxication and stay that way for a couple of days. The binge may end in vomiting and passing out. Frequently the person does not remember the events that happened during the binge. Binge drinkers consume larger quantities of alcohol on a regular basis and also experience more intoxication and alcohol-related problems than non-binge drinkers do.
- Researchers have found that children who were diagnosed with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) are more likely than their peers to report alcohol-related problems, as well as drug and tobacco addictions, later in life. This study was reported in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Youngsters with severe inattention problems were 5 times more likely than others to have used an illegal drugs other than alcohol or marijuana at an early age. This turned out to be a uniquely important variable even when the presence of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) were considered. The Risk factor for inattention paralleled the importance of family history as a predictor.
- Alcohol enters the bloodstream relatively quickly, as it can be absorbed through both the stomach and small intestine (unlike food, which is absorbed through the intestines only). It takes nearly one hour for the body to break down one unit of alcohol in the bloodstream (for older people, it can take longer). The more drinks are consumed in an hour, the higher the alcohol content of the blood. Blood alcohol levels of 400 mg/dL (milligrams per tenth of a liter) can be life-threatening. Once the alcohol is in the blood, there is nothing that can be done to hurry the process of removing it. The idea that cold showers, coffee, and/or eating can help you sober up is false.
- Although some people fall asleep faster when drinking, alcohol depresses REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. REM is an essential part of the healthy sleep cycle and if disturbed, the result is usually a desire to sleep longer in the morning and a sluggish feeling that lasts throughout the day.
- Hangovers could be caused by a combination of factors, including dehydration, overeating, and disturbed sleep. Even small amounts of alcohol can sometimes cause unpleasant side effects the next morning in some individuals. Usually, the best remedy includes rest and re-hydration. Drinking a large lass of water before retiring and another in the morning may help take the edge off "the morning after". Taking over-the-counter pain medication such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxin, or aspirin before hangover symptoms begin sometimes helps with the headaches; however, extreme caution must be used. When combined with alcohol, these medications may irritate your stomach and can even be toxic to the liver. This is why there is now a required warning label on over-the-counter painkillers, and medications that contain them, cautioning against using them if you consume more than 3 alcoholic drinks per day. Mixing alcohol with any medication is not recommended.
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Hangover (Excessive Alcohol Use - Intoxication)
- Medications such as tranquilizers, antidepressants, codeine, morphine, phenobarbital, and even some antibiotics can form toxic combinations with alcohol. Combining alcohol with antihistamines can enhance depression of the central nervous system. Combining alcohol with sleeping pills can be deadly.
- PREGNANT WOMEN SHOULD AVOID ALL ALCOHOL.
- Alcohol has been shown to affect older adults differently than other people. It is more likely to hinder the absorption of nutrients, and it can also pose a danger if mixed with many medications taken to control age-related chronic illnesses. Unfortunately, alcoholism among elderly people is more common than one might think. It can go unnoticed or without intervention. Some people tend to think that older people have "earned the right to drink." The truth is, however, that elders have just as much right to recovery as anyone else.
- Contrary to popular belief that alcohol heightens sexual arousal, it actually has the opposite effect. DEPRESSION. It can cause sexual dysfunction in men and disrupt menstrual cycles in women.
- Various studies have shown that, in small amounts, alcohol can have protective effects against certain vascular and cancerous diseases. The amount of alcohol shown to be protective has varied slightly from study to study. The accepted definition of moderate alcoholic intake according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture is one drink or less per day for women and two drinks or less per day for men (a "drink" being defined as 12 ounces of beer, 4 ounces of wine or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor). Nobody is suggesting that non-drinkers begin drinking to protect their hearts. Instead, they suggest less risky options such as regular light exercise, not smoking, and decreasing the amount of saturated fat in the diet.
NOTIFY YOUR MIDWIFE OR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...
You or a family member has symptoms of alcoholism.
Call 9-1-1 if you, a friend or a family member exhibits signs of alcohol poisoning. Alcohol toxicity can be life-threatening and fatal.
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Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
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Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
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Prescription for Herbal Healing: The A-To-Z Reference To Common Disorders
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The Complete Guide to Natural Healing
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