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DESCRIPTION
The goal of contraception (or birth control) is to prevent an unplanned pregnancy. The majority of methods of contraception enable sexually active couples to temporarily avoid pregnancy. Permanent birth control is accomplished through sterilization. Be sure you know and understand the different types of birth control available to you, the risks and benefits of each, and any side effects, so that you can make an informed choice.
MoonDragon's Contraception Methods Compared
Withdrawal is a method in which a man does not ejaculate in the woman's vagina. The couple has intercourse, but before ejaculation, the man withdraws his penis from the woman's vagina. If ejaculation does not happen in the vagina, it's hard for sperm to enter a woman's body.
This method is still widely used, particularly by young couples, or by people who do not want to be bothered with medical methods of contraception. The term "Coitus Interruptus" is Latin for "interrupted intercourse". Although this method is an unreliable method, it is still better than situations of spontaneous sexual intercourse that use nothing at all. If a couple employs this method every time, then at least they are doing something to avoid pregnancy. But couples who rely on this Withdrawal method do tend to have unwanted pregnancies and they can get very frustrated by having to keep 'pulling out' at the last moment.
If a couple want to have intercourse again on the same night, the man should go and urinate before engaging in sex to flush out any seminal fluid that may contain sperm that may be present since the last ejaculation. The woman should also wash herself, if the man has ejaculated on her body.
Health care providers do not recommend this type of contraceptive method because it is easy to fail to withdraw early enough and there may be sperm present in the 'dew drop' of fluid that a man produces when he is excited, but well before he actually ejaculates.
Withdrawing during intercourse does lessen the pleasure of sex because the couple keeps having to think about the need to withdraw and not about the actual sexual sensations they are experiencing. The woman may feel angry or unsatisfied about the fact that her male partner never ejaculates inside her.
However, withdrawing before ejaculation occurs can be used as an emergency solution that can be used by couples who wouldn't mind about a pregnancy or those who feel they cannot use any other kind of contraception. It can be used when it is difficult to obtain contraceptives (such as living in a remote area or where a natural disaster has occurred or war-torn region. For people who do have access to sensible modern methods of contraception, Withdrawal is a poor alternative.
There are many assorted beliefs regarding this method of contraception. For many years, it has been thought to be very ineffective. This was partly based on the belief that the fluid found on the tip of the penis during arousal contained live sperm. Current research has shown that this is not the case, that there is no live sperm in this fluid. However, if the man has HIV, this fluid may be able to transmit the disease. Withdrawal does prevent pregnancy, but it does not protect couples from sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, hepatitis viruses, and other STDs.
STDS - LINKS
- STDs Overview
- Chlamydia
- Genital Herpes
- Genital Warts
- Gonorrhea
- Granuloma Inguinale
- Hepatitis
- HIV & AIDS
- Lymphogranuloma Venereum
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- Syphilis
- Vaginitis, Trichomonal
The best method for reducing the risk of STDs is using a Condom for STD Prevention. More information about condoms for contraception can be found Male Condoms and Female Condoms.
Contracept Technol Update. 1993 Oct;14(10):154-6.
NCBI - National Institute of Health
Researchers find no sperm in pre-ejaculate fluid.
[No authors listed]
PIP: A study in Boston, Massachusetts, and another study in New York City examined samples of pre ejaculate fluid from HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative men to determine whether HIV was or was not present in pre ejaculate fluid. The researchers found macrophages and CD4 lymphocytes in most samples, indicating that HIV was present. The more significant finding, however, was that most pre ejaculate samples did not contain any sperm and those that did had only small clumps of a very small amount of sperm which seemed to be immobile. A larger study is needed to verify these results. If these results are confirmed, they may dispel the myth that pre ejaculate fluid contains sperm. An ongoing WHO/USAID study shows that the pregnancy rate caused by men with 3 million sperm/ml/ejaculation is very low; fertility clinics consider men with a sperm count of no more than 5 million/ml to be infertile, particularly if is there is low motility. The average ejaculation has about 100 million sperm/ml, but about 10 million sperm pass through the cervical mucus, about 1 million make it to the top of the uterine tract, and just about 100,000 sperm reach the fallopian tubes. Thus, only a couple of sperm, assuming motility, would reach the fallopian tubes in the case of the pre ejaculate samples with some sperm, which tended to be immobile (sperm levels only in the 1000s). Thus, the probability of pregnancy is very love if pre-ejaculate fluid enters the vagina. Pre-ejaculate fluid of 6 of the 9 HIV seropositive donors in Boston and 6 of the 14 HIV seropositive donors in New York contained HIV, regardless of symptom status or antiretroviral therapy status. Thus, the risk of HIV transmission may be higher than unplanned pregnancy, so people should use condoms before the penis enters the vagina, mouth, or anus.
PMID: 12286905 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
ADVANTAGES
It does not rely on any devices or chemicals.
It does not cost anything.
May be used only when needed.
It allows a person to have sex at any time, as long as the man controls his ejaculation.
Does not involve the hormones, used in some other forms of birth control, that can have side effects. Withdrawal has no side effects associated with it.
DISADVANTAGES
Not 100 percent effective for birth control.
A man may be unable to control his ejaculation and withdraw from the vagina in time. There may be some sperm in the pre-ejaculate, which means pregnancy can still occur even if the penis is withdrawn before ejaculation occurs. Poor timing and poor control are the primary reasons this method does not work very well.
Some people find that this method may decrease their sexual pleasure.
Does not prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
GENERAL MEASURES
EFFECTIVENESS
EFFECTIVENESS RATES:
- Typical Use: 19 percent - For typical users, 19 women out of 100 may become pregnant during the year.
- Perfect Use: 4 percent - It is estimated that about 4 women out of 100 may become pregnant during the year if the man uses withdrawal perfectly, every time they have sex.
The effectiveness of this method depends upon how well a man can control his ejaculation. In general, this method is more effective than what was thought.
NOTIFY YOUR MIDWIFE OR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...
You are interested in more information about this method.
You have problems with ejaculation control and are interested in researching other methods of contraception.
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