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DESCRIPTION
The goal of contraception (or birth control) is to prevent an unplanned pregnancy. The majority of methods of contraception enable sexually active couples to temporarily avoid pregnancy. Permanent birth control is accomplished through sterilization. Be sure you know and understand the different types of birth control available to you, the risks and benefits of each, and any side effects, so that you can make an informed choice.
Cervical cap VS diaphragm placement.
The cervical cap is a small cup-like device (thimble shaped made of soft rubber (or rigid plastic) about 1.5 inches long with a rounded rim. The cap acts as a barrier that blocks only the entrance into the cervix.
Suction holds it in place. A cervical cap is considered a barrier method of birth control because it provides a mechanical barrier to sperm transport. It is used with a spermicide that helps the suction and inactivates (kills) any sperm that might get by the cap, thus preventing the sperm from fertilizing an egg if they should get past the cap barrier.
ADVANTAGES
Is generally effective for contraceptive (82-94%). Proper and consistent usage increases the effectiveness. Some reports say that with consistent and correct use, the cap is about 91% effective, however, most couples will find the cap to be, on the average, about 75% effective at preventing pregnancy.
You can have intercourse multiple times while wearing the cervical cap. You don't need to reapply spermicide, but you should check to make sure the cap is still in place. The cap is effective for up to 48 hours, and must be left in place for at least six hours after intercourse.
The cervical cap is most effective for women who have never given birth vaginally. Higher failure rates apply for women who wait to begin using the cap until after they have given birth.
It is less effective for women who have given birth vaginally. This may be because the shape of the cervix changes after a baby has passed through the opening of the cervix. Also the muscles around the vagina become less firm. For these reasons, the cervical cap may not fit women who have given birth vaginally as well as it fits women who have never given birth.
Cervical Cap Failure Rates:
Out of 100 women using the cap, the number who may become pregnant within the first year:
Women
Typical Users
Perfect Users
Who have never given birth vaginally
18
9
Who have given birth vaginally
36
26
The cervical cap is more effective for women who have never given birth vaginally. Like other barrier methods, the cap needs to be used every time a woman has sex. Contraceptive cream or gel must be used with the cap in order for it to be effective. A woman should check to make sure the cervix is fully covered each time she uses the cap. If the cervix is not covered, the cap won't work. Some people recommend inserting the cervical cap at least 30 minutes to an hour before intercourse so that good suction develops. When first using the cervical cap, women can also use another method of birth control until they feel they can put it in correctly and know that it will stay in place.
The cervical cap is small and easily transported and can be carried in a purse or handbag.
May be used only when needed.
May be used during light menstruation to temporarily contain the menstrual flow for very short time periods (do not leave in the 48 hours during menstrual flow). However, it is recommended that you should use a different method of birth control during menstrual bleeding. This is to reduce the risk of getting Toxic Shock Syndrome.
Does not involve the hormones, used in some other forms of birth control, that can have side effects.
Can be put in before sex and left in for 48 hours. However, a foul discharge may develop after the first day.
Low cost and long wear. Be sure to check it frequently for wear and holes. You can do this by filling the cap with water and see if any leakage occurs.
Causes few health problems. If you are allergic to rubber or latex, do not use the cervical cap.
May help protect against some STDs. Barrier methods may provide considerable protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhea, chlamydia and certain pre-cancerous conditions of the cervix; however the cap does not prevent the transmission of many other STIs, including herpes, HPV or HIV. Women who experience irritation and/or an allergic reaction to spermicides may be at increased risk for STIs, if exposed.
The cervical cap is discreet and confidential. Your partner doesn't have to know you are using it. It cannot be felt during sexual intercourse.
It teaches women more about their anatomy and allows them to take charge of their sexual contraceptive choices and pro-creative options.
Cervical caps can usually be used for up to a year before they need to be replaced.
DISADVANTAGES
Not 100% effective for birth control. Effectiveness rate depends upon fit, whether the woman has given birth vaginally, and if she uses it faithfully.
May be difficult to fit properly. The existing sizes may not fit all women.
Requires high degree of motivation and fair degree of manual dexterity to position the cap correctly over the cervix. Can be hard to put in or remove. Some women have difficulty in reaching their cervix.
Must be used simultaneously with a spermicide.
May develop undetectable flaws. Cannot be used with oils, lubricants or gels unless the product packaging specifically states it is safe to use with latex or rubber. The cap must be checked regularly for holes.
Disagreeable to some couples to use spermicidal jellies and creams during oral sex.
May become dislodged during intercourse. It can be difficult to insert properly and can slip out of place.
May contribute to urinary tract infections and can cause other side effects. May increase the risk for allergic reaction to latex or rubber, vaginal infection or inflammation of the cervix. Women who frequently use spermicides may experience disruption in the vaginal skin, increasing the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and diseases (STDs) and abnormal pap results.
There is a risk of toxic shock syndrome (TTS), a rare but serious infection, if the cap is kept in place longer than recommended.
The cap must be left in for at least 6 to 8 hours after intercourse, but no longer than 48 hours.
Must be fitted by a health care provider. A new fitting may be necessary after pregnancy, miscarriage, abortion or weight gain of over 15 pounds.
Requires touching of their genitals. Some women have psychological issues with touching their own genitals.
NEW CERVICAL CAPS ARE UNDER DEVELOPMENT
Two new cervical caps are under development. The first, called FemCap, is made of silicone and can be worn up to 48 hours. Shaped like a hat with an upturned brim (that lies against the vaginal walls around the cervix), it is easier to insert than conventional caps. It places no pressure on the urethra, unlike conventional diaphragms. This may explain why it has been associated with significantly fewer urinary tract infections than the conventional diaphragm, although these fewer infections may be due to the fact that FemCap uses less spermicide than the diaphragm. A strap recently has been added to the FemCap to facilitate removal, and the redesigned device is being tested by CONRAD, with FHI collaboration.
In a CONRAD and FHI study, FemCap used with spermicide was found to be somewhat less effective as a contraceptive than a conventional diaphragm with spermicide.9 FemCap also appears to be less effective than a conventional cap. CONRAD research indicates a 12-month pregnancy rate, based on reported six-month pregnancy rates, of about 23 percent for FemCap. The estimated 12-month pregnancy rate for the conventional cap is 18 percent (ranging from 15 percent for nulliparous women to 30 percent for parous women).10
The second new cervical cap, the Oves Cap, is a silicone device that can be left in place for three consecutive days (72 hours). Equipped with a removal loop, it is disposable after one use. Although sold in France, it is not FDA-approved. CONRAD is conducting a clinical trial to study this cap's acceptability, ease of placement, and how likely it is to dislodge during sexual intercourse.
All cervical caps have the disadvantage of requiring a fitting because they come in at least two sizes. Research is needed to determine whether cervical caps provide any protection against STDs, although it is theorized that HIV entry via the cervix may be impeded by cap use.
FemCap Cervical Cap:
Available through LadyToBAby.com
FemCap is a non-hormonal, latex-free contraceptive device. It is made of silicone rubber, a non-allergenic, durable material which is easy to clean. The FemCap was designed to conform to the anatomy of the cervix and the vagina to ensure maximum fit and comfort. It includes a brim, a dome, a groove between the dome and the brim, and a removal strap. It is considered safe, effective, and highly acceptable to women and men. It is fast to learn how to use and easy to use. It can be inserted several hours before sexual intimacy. It doesn't interrupt spontaneity or reduce sexual pleasure.
It comes in 3 sizes to fit almost any woman: 22mm, 26mm, 30mm. The inner diameter of the rim determines its size. The smallest rim diameter (22mm) is intended for women who have never been pregnant. The medium (26mm) cap is intended for women who have been pregnant but have not had a vaginal delivery. The largest (30mm) is intended for women who have had a vaginal delivery of a full-term baby.
It is inexpensive, reusable for 2 years and environmentally safe. It doesn't interfere with the woman's natural menstrual cycle and has instant reversibility when pregnancy is desired. It does not interfere with breastfeeding. It gives the woman full control with no need of male involvement. It is small and is carried in a discreet make-up-like container to enhance portability. It is more acceptable to health care providers because there is a minimum training time. A step-by-step brochure is provided with each FemCap kit.
The FemCap was extensively tested and compared with the vaginal diaphragm in multicenter clinical trials in the United States, according to FDA regulations. In these clinical trials 75% of women who had used the diaphragm preferred The FemCap. It is to be used with spermicide. The FemCap costs approximately $72.95 from LadyToBaby.com (price as of July, 2006 - Subject to change). It is FDA approved for use in the U.S. and CE approved in Europe.
Oves Contraceptive Cervical Cap:
Women's Health & Fertility
The Oves contraceptive silicone device that is a revolutionary new design. It is a disposable after one use female cervical cap, equipped with a removal loop and designed to provide a comfortable and effective barrier against sperm. Its ease of use and it's softness and flexibility have contributed to a high level of acceptability from both the women who use it and their partners. Oves is an effective protection against pregnancy, up to 96% effective when used correctly and consistently with a spermicide. The distributor recommends Gynol II.
Advantages:
- Up to 96% effective
- Hormone free
- Non Latex
- No serious health risks associated with use.
- Very few contra-indications or special precautions for use
- Affords women full control over their contraception
- Allows for spontinaity, can be inserted well in advance of sex.
- It can be left in place continuously for 72 hours.
- No need to add more spermicide over the 72 hours.
The Oves cap has additional advantages over traditional cervical caps and diaphragms. It has a unique design - it is very small and discreet, thin and flexible and fits snugly over the cervix like a membrane, adhering principally by surface tension. It is suitable for women with poor vaginal muscle tone or shallow pubic bone ledge. An integral loop facilitates easy removal. It is manufactured from medical-grade silicone elastomer, which reduces bacterial growth thus illiminating unpleasant odors. The material also allows for an ultra thin, soft shell that is strong yet flexible. Oves is disposable, thus making it more hygienic and more convenient to use.
Oves is available in 3 sizes - 26mm (Mini - for women who have never been pregnant), 28mm (Midi - the size suitable for most women) and 30mm (Maxi - for women who have experienced one or more vaginal births).
Women are advised to purchase a specially priced introductory fitting pack prior to first use. This pack includes 3 Oves caps, one of each size, which you can take to your GP or family planning adviser for an initial fitting.
For more information about the Oves Cervical Contraception Cap, visit this link:
All cervical caps have the disadvantage of requiring a fitting because they come in at least two sizes. Research is needed to determine whether cervical caps provide any protection against STDs, although it is theorized that HIV entry via the cervix may be impeded by cap use.
WHERE TO OBTAIN A CERVICAL CAP
A clinician, such as your health care provider or your midwife (that provides well-woman care and contraception counseling) must fit you for a cervical cap, Most health departments, family-planning clinics and gynecologists can also help you. During your appointment, make sure you fully understand how to insert and remove the cap. If you have any questions, don't be afraid to ask! Once your health care provider or midwife has fitted you, you can buy the cap and spermicide at most clinics, drugstores or pharmacies.
FOLLOW-UP CARE
Because cervical caps can cause certain types of infections or inflammations in the vaginal area, you'll want to have a Pap test taken within a few months after you begin using this method, just to make sure you're still in good health. After each use, wash the cap thoroughly with hot water and mild soap, or as directed by your health care provider or midwife. Each time you use the cap, check it for cracks or tears and replace it if it shows any signs of deterioration. Have your cap's fit rechecked annually and after a pregnancy.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
Be carefully fitted by a competent health care provider or midwife. The cap comes in 4 sizes. Not all women will fit into these sizes.
Repeat fittings after childbirth, miscarriage, abortion, any surgical operation involving the female genitals, or weight gain or loss of 12 or more pounds.
Leave the cap in place at least 6 hours after intercourse. You may leave it in place for up to 2 days if you choose. Do not leave it in place beyond the initial time period if you are menstruating. 1. To insert:
- Before insertion, check cap for holes. Hold it up to a bright light and look for holes, tears or cracks. If you see any, use a different birth control method until you get a new cap.
- Fill the dome of the cap 1/3 full with a spermicide, preferably a jelly, but a cream can be used. Don't put too much contraceptive gel or cream in the cap or the cap won't be able to keep its seal. The seal is needed to prevent sperm from getting into the cervix.
- Never use a petroleum lubricant. Don't use oil-based vaginal medications or lubricants when using the cap or diaphragm. Vaseline, hand lotion, Monistat and other oil-based products can damage these devices. For extra lubrication you can use contraceptive cream or gel.
- Wash your hands before inserting the cap. To put the cap in, put one foot on a chair or squat or recline with your legs apart. Use a clean finger to feel inside your vagina for the cervix. During your fertile days, the cervix moves higher in the vagina so it can be harder to find. Use one hand to open the vaginal lips. With the other hand, squeeze the cap together with the rim facing up.
Slide it into the vagina, as far as it will go.
Use a finger to find the cervix again and press the rim around the cervix until the dome covers it entirely.
- Check if it is in the proper place. Use your finger to check if the cap fully covers the cervix. Press the top of the cup to feel your cervix. Then sweep your fingers around the rim. You should not be able to feel the cervix outside of the cap. If the cap is in the right place, neither you nor your partner should feel it. It will take approximately 10 minutes or more to develop a seal around the edge of the cap by the cervix. If the cap becomes dislodged easily, use a different method of contraception and call your health care provider.
- You can have intercourse as many times as desired for up to 42 hours. If you want, you can have sex for up to 42 hours without taking the cap out. You don't have to add more spermicide if you have intercourse more than once during this time. But if you do want to add more spermicide, do not remove your cap. Use the applicator to add more contraceptive cream or gel directly into the vagina.
- Leave the cap in place for 6 hours after the last act of intercourse. This is how long it takes for all of the sperm to be destroyed. Don't douche or rinse the vagina during this time. Showers are fine.
2. To remove:
- After waiting at least 6 hours after intercourse (be sure to take it out by the end of 48 hours), find the position that works best for you. You must exert pressure with a fingertip on the rim of the cap to break the seal, then hook your finger over the rim of the cap and pull it down out of the vagina sideways.
If you have trouble getting it out, squat or bear down as if you are having a bowel movement while you try to break the seal. Take care to avoid injuring the rubber with fingernails. Do not leave the cap in more than 48 hours.
- Take care of the cap after use. It needs special care so the rubber won't dry out and tear. Wash the cap with mild unscented soap and warm water. Dry it well.
- Hold up to the light after each removal to check for holes. If any defects are found, call the health care provider for advice.
- Store in a cool, dry place in its container.
Note: Follow the special written instructions that come with the cervical cap if they differ from those discussed in this instruction page.
MEDICATION
No restrictions. However, spermicidal gel or creams must be used with the cap for proper protection. Do not use any oil based product including vaginal medications, such as Monistat, with the cap since it can damage the cervical cap. If you must use these kinds of medications for an infection, discontinue cervical cap usage until the infection is gone.
COMPLICATIONS & SIDE EFFECTS
Some people may experience these side effects:
- Allergy to the rubber, latex, or spermicide - This reaction can cause skin rashes, itching, burning or redness. Sometimes an allergy to the spermicide can go away if the couple uses a different type or brand.
- Vaginal or cervical infection - This can happen if it is left in too long or if it is not cleaned and dried well.
- Foul odor or itching in the vagina - This can happen if it is left in too long.
- Irritation of the cervix or vagina - This can happen if the cap does not fit well or if it is left in too long.
Complications and Warning Signs:
Like the diaphragm, the cap has one serious problem that can result from use: Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). This is very rare. However, be sure not to use the cap during menstrual bleeding and always take it out within 48 hours. It is important that all cervical cap users know the warning signs for TSS.TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME WARNING SIGNS:
- Sudden high fever
- Vomiting, diarrhea
- Dizziness, faintness and weakness
- Sore throat, aching muscles and joints
- Rash, which looks like a sunburn
If you notice any of these warning signs, remove the diaphragm and consult your health care provider immediately.
Precautions:
Health care providers consider a few precautions when deciding if a woman can safely use the cervical cap. Some women or men may have an allergy to the rubber or spermicide. Some women can't be fitted for a cap or can't insert it. Also, this method may not be recommended if a woman has a health problem such as a vaginal infection or an abnormal Pap smear. Women with a history of Toxic Shock Syndrome may be advised to use a different method.
CERVICAL CAPS USED FOR CONCEPTION
New uses for the cervical cap, primarily the Ove Contraceptive cap, has been put together in a Conception Kit available through www.conceptionkit.com. The cap is used as a means of holding pooled sperm ejaculate and placing it over the cervix so that the sperm has direct and continuous contact with the cervix. For more information about this kit and it's use, check out this link:
The Conception Kit™ - Contents & Use
NOTIFY YOUR MIDWIFE OR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...
You are interested in a cervical cap for contraception.
You find defects in a cervical cap you are using.
Note:According to a news release from www.cervcap.com dated March 2005 they state:
We are sorry to inform you that effective immediately, as the sole distributor of the Prentif Cavity-Rim Cervical Cap, Cervical Cap (CxC) Ltd. is to be dissolved and the company will no longer continue to do business in the USA. We have worked hard to establish a reliable, prompt and efficient business, in spite of the lack of support from the manufacturer since 1988. Our clients learned to know and expect exemplary service. Even though we were a small company we are well known and respected in the contraceptive community. As owner of the company and Nurse Practitioner I traveled all over the United States and met or trained many of you over the past 16+ years. From the first clinical trials in 1981 I have been passionate about providing this small, safe and effective method of contraception and feel that it is a very important option for women. There has been a considerable decline in the interest in this device over the years. We have been advised that the manufacturer will no longer carry product liability insurance and have also decided to impose a considerable increase in the cost of cap. In addition, the UK manufacturing plant is to be closed in a few months. The Prentif Cavity-Rim Cervical cap, the only cap approved for distribution in this country, may no longer be available to women of the United States as a barrier method of contraception. We have been told that the company will no longer ship this product to the USA. This brings us great sadness, but to all our loyal customers, some for many years, thank you again for your support and for offering the Prentif Cavity-Rim Cervical Cap to women of your community.
See: www.fpsales.co.ul/
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