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This diet is intended for use by patients who are taking monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Its purpose is to prevent a hypertensive crisis.
DESCRIPTION
This diet avoids the use of foods which contain large amounts of tyramine and other pressor amines. Failure to comply with dietary restrictions may result in symptoms such as headaches, nausea, tachycardia or bradycardia. Tyramine is present in many common foods. In the body, tyramine's pharmalogical action is to raise the blood pressure; however, enzymes, present in many body tissues neutralize this action. Drugs that prevent this neutralizing process, such as MAO inhibitors, allow the tyramine to re-enter the blood. As a result blood vessels are constricted causing the blood pressure to elevate.
BASIC INFORMATION
The tyramine content varies from product to product and even between samples of the same product. The portion of cheese closer to the rind has a much higher tyramine content than the cheese portion furthest away. Consumption of 6 mg of tyramine may produce some degree of hypertension while 10-25 mg can lead to a more severe crisis. The amount a person eats will determine the total dose of tyramine consumed, e.g., as little as 1 ounce of cheddar cheese yielding 15 to 45 mg could cause a moderate to severe hypertensive action.
Use care when eating out: Choose plainer dishes rather than casseroles or dishes with sauces.
Caffeine, a weak pressor agent, in excessive amounts could possibly produce symptoms unrelated to tyramine content.
Patients have been known to eat tyramine-containing foods on occasion without adverse effect, but there is no guarantee that the same food will not produce a severe reaction in the future.
NUTRITIONAL ADEQUACY
This diet should be adequate in all nutrients.
TYRAMINE-RESTRICTED DIET Food List
Foods To Avoid Foods With Low or Moderate Tyramine Content (Use in Moderation With Caution) Cheese - all aged / mature (except cottage and cream cheese)
Dry and fermented sausage (bologna, salami, pepperoni, corned beef and liverwurst, Italian sausage)
Pickled herring and salted, dry fish, lump fish
Anchovies
Broad beans and pods - lima, fava beans, lentils, snow peas, and soy beans
Meat extracts
Yeast extract / brewer's yeast
Meat prepared with tenderizers
Red wine - Chianti, sherry, Burgundy and vermouth
White wine, port wine
Beer (including non-alcoholic beer)
Liqueurs
Sauerkraut
Caviar
Liver
Miso, oriental soup stock Bananas or avocados (particularly if overripe)
Canned figs, raisins, red plums, raspberries
Cultured dairy products - buttermilk, yogurt, sour cream
Chocolate
Soy sauce
Peanuts
Coffee, tea and cola drinks
TYRAMINE-RESTRICTED DIET - Sample Menu
* To reduce fat in your diet, omit margarine and use 1% or skim milk.
SUGGESTED MEAL PLAN SUGGESTED FOODS AND BEVERAGES BREAKFAST
Fruit Juice
Cereal
Meat / Meat Substitute
Bread / Margarine
Milk / Beverage
SUGGESTED BREAKFAST
Orange Juice
Oatmeal
Soft Cooked Egg
Toast w/Butter or Margarine*
Milk* / Decaffeinated Coffee or Tea
DINNER - NOON OR EVENING MEAL
Meat or Meat Substitute
Potato or Potato Substitute
Vegetable, Salad or Soup
Bread / Margarine
Dessert
BeverageDINNER - NOON OR EVENING MEAL
Broiled Beef Patty
Mashed Potatoes
Steamed Spinach
Whole Wheat Bread with Margarine*
Gelatin Cubes
Decaffeinated Coffee or Tea
SUPPER - EVENING OR NOON MEAL
Soup or Juice
Meat / Meat Substitute
Vegetable and / or Salad
Bread / Margarine
Dessert
Milk / Beverage
SUPPER - EVENING OR NOON MEAL
Consomme
Roast Chicken
Peas, Creamy Coleslaw
Biscuit with Margarine*
Fresh Apple
Milk* / Decaffeinated Coffee or Tea
Nutrient Analysis
Calories Protein Carbohydrate Fat Cholesterol Dietary Fiber Vitamin A Vitamin C Niacin Riboflavin Thiamin Folate Calcium Phosphorus Zinc Iron Sodium Potassium 1700 Kcal 102 gm 176 gm 68 gm 443 mg 16 gm 1371 IU 99 mg 25 mg 1.9 mg 1.3 mg 337 mcg 952 mg 1493 mg 12 mg 13 mg 2373 mg 3040 mg
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