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The cholesterol- and sodium-restricted diet is designed to help reduce serum lipids and to achieve a reduction in sodium intake that may be necessary for the control of hypertension or other factors.
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Hypertension
DESCRIPTION
This diet meets the general requirements of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Foods high in total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol are controlled. Total cholesterol intake is restricted. Limited amounts of mono- and polyunsaturated fats are used as replacements for saturated fats. Calories need to be adjusted to achieve or maintain desired body weight.
BASIC INFORMATION
Cholesterol is found only in animal products. Saturated fats are often solid at room temperature and are usually found in animal products such as meats, poultry, butter, cheese and ice cream. Plant sources of saturated fats include palm oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil. Monounsaturated fats are found in products such as olive oil, peanuts, flaxseed oil and canola (rapeseed) oil. Polyunsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature and are found in safflower, sunflower, corn, soybean and cottonseed oils.
Salt-free herbs and spices may be used fresh. Carefully read labels as some salt-replacement seasonings contain sodium chloride. "Light" salts which are a mixture of potassium chloride and sodium chloride are also restricted on sodium-controlled diets.
NUTRITIONAL ADEQUACY
Depending on an individual's food choices the low cholesterol-low sodium diet will normally be adequate in all nutrients.
FOOD LISTS
FOOD GROUP FOODS ALLOWED FOODS TO AVOID Milk & Dairy
(Limit to 2-3 servings a day)Skim (nonfat) or 1% fat milk (liquid, powdered, evaporated), nonfat or low-fat yogurt, low-fat cottage cheese (2% fat or less), low-fat cheese (labeled 6 grams of fat or less per ounce); non-fat sour cream. Whole milk (4% fat)(liquid, evaporated, condensed), 2% milk, cream, half and half, imitation milk products, most non-dairy creamers, whipped toppings, whole milk yogurt, regular cottage cheese (4% fat), natural cheeses made from whole milk (cheddar, Swiss, blue, Camembert, etc.), cream cheese, sour cream, low-fat cream cheese, low-fat sour cream. NOTE: If 2% milk is used, decrease added fat by 1 teaspoon for each cup of milk. Meats & Meat Substitutes
(Limit to 5 ounces a day from animal products; limit to 4 egg yolks a week)Dried beans, split peas, lentils, pinto beans cooked without salt, poultry without the skin, fish, tuna packed in water, lean beef (extra lean ground beef, eye of round, sirloin, round tip, round, top round, tenderloin, top loin), lean pork (fresh not cured, tenderloin, leg, shoulder), lamb (arm, leg, loin, rib), shrimp or lobster (limit 3 ounces per week), luncheon meats (1 gram fat or less per ounce), egg whites (2 egg whites equals 1 whole egg), low cholesterol egg substitutes. Fried meats or meat substitutes, any meat, fish or poultry that is smoked, cured, salted or canned (such as bacon, dried beef, corned beef, cold cuts, ham, turkey ham, hot dogs, sausages, sardines, anchovies, pickled herring), fatty cuts of beef, port, lamb, goose, duck, liver, kidney, brains, or other organ meats, sausage, bacon, regular luncheon meats, egg yolks. Breads & Grains
(6-11 servings a day)Whole-grain breads (oatmeal, whole wheat, rye, bran, multigrain, etc.), rice, pasta, homemade baked goods low in fat, low fat crackers (ricecakes, popcorn cakes, Rye Krisp, melba toast, pretzels, breadsticks), hot or cold cereals (with no fat). High fat baked goods (pies, cakes, doughnuts, croissants, pastries, muffins, biscuits), high fat crackers, egg noodles, granola type cereals, cereals with more than 2 grams of fat per serving, pasta and rice prepared with cream, butter, or cheese sauces, breads, rolls and crackers with salted topes, instant rice and pasta mixes, commercial stuffing, commercial casserole mixes. Vegetables
(3-5 servings per day or more)Any fresh, frozen, dried or low sodium canned, regular canned, drained vegetables - limit to 1 serving per day, low salt vegetable juices. Vegetables prepared in butter, cream or other sauces, fried vegetables, sauerkraut, pickled vegetables and others prepared in brine, regular vegetable juice, potato casserole mixes, regular and salt free potato chips. Fruits
(4 servings per day or more)Any fresh, frozen, dried, canned. Coconuts, avocados, and olives except as allowed under miscellaneous. Desserts & Sweets
(Limit to control calories)Sugar, jelly, jam, honey, molasses, low-fat frozen desserts (sherbet, sorbet, ices, nonfat frozen yogurt, popsicles), angel food cake, low fat cakes and cookies (vanilla wafers, graham crackers, ginger snaps), baking cocoa, low-fat candy (jelly beans, hard candy). Ice cream, high fat cakes, pies and cookies (most commercially made), chocolate. Beverages Juices, tea, coffee, decaffeinated coffee, carbonated drinks, most alcoholic beverages. Milkshakes, ice cream floats, eggnog, alcoholic beverages containing milk, cream or coconut, commercially softened water as beverage or in food preparation. Miscellaneous Limit fat based on total number of calories consumed (use very sparingly). Limit (1 teaspoon per serving), Unsaturated vegetable oils (corn, olive, canola, safflower, sesame, soybean, sunflower), margarine or shortening made from unsaturated vegetable oils, mayonnaise and salad dressings made from unsaturated oils (1 tablespoon), diet mayonnaise (1 teaspoon), salt-free seeds and nuts (1 tablespoon seeds, 6 almonds, 20 small peanuts)
No Limit: Vegetable oil sprays, fat-free salad dressings, herbs, spices, pepper, salt substitute with health care provider's approval, mustard, vinegar, lemon and lime juice, cream sauces made with allowed ingredients.
Limit added salt to 1/2 teaspoon per day, may be used in cooking or at the table.Butter, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, lard, bacon fat, salad dressings made with egg yolk, fried snack foods (potato chips, cheese curls, tortilla chips), olives, avocados, regular cream sauces, salt, garlic salt, celery salt, onion salt, seasoned salt, sea salt, kosher salt, seasonings containing monosodium glutamate (MSG, Accent), salted nuts and seeds, salted peanut butter, canned soups.
CHOLESTEROL- & SODIUM-RESTRICTED DIET - Sample Menu
SUGGESTED MEAL PLAN SUGGESTED FOODS AND BEVERAGES BREAKFAST
Fruit Juice
Cereal
Meat / Meat Substitute
Bread-Margarine
Milk
BeverageSUGGESTED BREAKFAST
Grapefruit Half
Bran Flakes
Low Cholesterol Egg Substitute
2 slices Whole Wheat Toast
1 teaspoons Margarine / Jelly
1 cup 1% Milk
CoffeeDINNER - NOON OR EVENING MEAL
Soup
Meat / Meat Substitute
Potato / Potato Substitute
Vegetable and / or Salad
Bread - Margarine
Dessert
BeverageSUGGESTED LUNCH/DINNER
3 ounces Salt-free, Fat-free Chicken Breast
Salt-free, Fat-free Sweet Potato
Salt-free, Fat-free Green Beans
Whole Wheat Bread, Margarine
Strawberries
Iced TeaSUPPER - EVENING OR NOON MEAL
Soup or Juice
Meat / Meat Substitute
Potato / Potato Substitute
Vegetable and/or Salad
Bread-Margarine
Dessert
Milk
BeverageSUGGESTED SUPPER/DINNER
1/2 cup Salt-free Vegetable Juice
3 ounces Salt-free, Fat-free Meatballs in
Salt-free Tomato Sauce
Spaghetti
Salt-free, Fat-free Broccoli, Spinach Salad, 1 tablespoon Dressing
Garlic Bread, 1 teaspoon Margarine
Fruit Sorbet
1 cup 1% Milk
Coffee or Tea
Other: Can use up to 1/2 teaspoon salt in cooking or at the table.
NUTRIENT ANALYSIS
Calories Protein Carbohydrate Fat Cholesterol Dietary Fiber Vitamin A Vitamin C Niacin Riboflavin Thiamin Folate Calcium Phosphorus Zinc Iron Sodium Potassium 1815 Kcal 96 gm 240 gm 58 gm 171 mg 39 gm 4699 IU 285 mg 33 mg 2.9 mg 1.8 mg 529 mcg 999 mg 1541 mg 13 mg 21 mg 2936 mg 3507 mg
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