 |
 |
|
|
|
|
The low fat / low cholesterol diets are designed to reduce serum lipids for the treatment and prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). It is believed, and recent studies support the idea, that lowering the levels of cholesterol in the blood will prevent the formation of fatty plaques found in the thickening of the artery walls, known as atherosclerosis.
DESCRIPTION
Foods high in total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol are controlled. Total cholesterol intake is restricted. Limited amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are used as replacements for saturated fats. Calories need to be adjusted to achieve or maintain desired body weight. Lean meat, fish, skinless poultry, non- or lowfat dairy products are included. Fatty meat, organ meats, egg yolks and cheese are limited. Foods high in complex carbohydrates and fiber such as fruits, vegetables, whole grain products and legumes are emphasized.
BASIC INFORMATION
The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Guidelines indicate that a serum total cholesterol should be measured in all adults over the age of 20 at least once every 5 years. Levels below 200 mg/dL are classified as "desirable blood cholesterol", those 200-239 mg/dL as "borderline high cholesterol" and those 240 mg/dL as "high blood cholesterol."
Dietary treatments is the primary treatments for elevated serum cholesterol. The goals of therapy are to reduce serum cholesterol to less than 200 mg/dL and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) to less than 130 mg/dL for people with other heart disease risk factors and to 160 mg/dL for clients with no other risk factors. Another goal of therapy is to maintain a nutritionally adequate eating pattern.
Diet Therapy of Blood Cholesterol
Nutrient Recommended Intake Total Fat Less than 30% of Total Calories Saturated Fat Less than 10% of Total Calories Polyunsaturated Fat Up to 10% of Total Calories Monounsaturated Fat 10 to 15% of Total Calories Carbohydrates 50 to 60% of Total Calories Protein 10 to 20% of Total Calories Cholesterol Less than 300 mg Total Calories To achieve and maintain desirable weight
Cholesterol is found only in animal products. Saturated fats are often solid at room temperature and are usually found in animal products, such as meats, poultry, butter, cheese and ice cream. Plant sources of saturated fats include palm oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil. Monounsaturated fats are found in products, such as olive oil, peanuts, flaxseed oil and canola (rapeseed) oil. Polyunsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature and are found in safflower, sunflower, corn, soybean and cottonseed oils.
Along with cholesterol testing, all adults should be evaluated for other CHD risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity.
FOOD LISTS
FOOD GROUP FOODS ALLOWED FOODS TO AVOID Milk & Dairy
(Limit to 2-4 servings a day)Skim (nonfat) or 1% fat milk (liquid, powdered, evaporated), nonfat or low-fat yogurt, low-fat cottage cheese (2% fat or less), low-fat cheese (labeled 6 grams of fat or less per ounce); non-fat sour cream; non-fat cream cheese. Whole milk (4% fat)(liquid, evaporated, condensed), 2% milk, cream, half and half, imitation milk products, most nondairy creamers, whipped toppings, whole milk yogurt, regular cottage cheese (4% fat), natural cheeses made from whole milk (cheddar, Swiss, blue, Camembert, etc.), cream cheese, goat's milk cheese, sour cream, low-fat cream cheese, low-fat sour cream. NOTE: If 2% milk is used, decrease added fat by 1 teaspoon for each cup of milk. Meats & Meat Substitutes
(Limit to 5 oz a day from animal products; limit to 4 egg yolks a week)Dried beans, split peas, lentils, pinto beans cooked without salt, poultry without the skin, fish, tuna packed in water, lean beef (extra lean ground beef, eye of round, sirloin, round tip, round, top round, tenderloin, top loin), lean pork (fresh not cured, tenderloin, leg, shoulder), lamb (arm, leg, loin, rib), shrimp or lobster (limit 3 oz. per week), luncheon meats (1 gram fat or less per ounce), egg whites (2 egg whites=1 whole egg), low cholesterol egg substitutes. Fried meats or meat substitutes, fatty cuts of beef, port, lamb, goose, duck, liver, kidney, brains, or other organ meats, hot dogs, sausage, bacon, regular luncheon meats, peanut butter, egg yolks. Breads & Grains
(6-11 servings a day)Whole-grain breads (oatmeal, whole wheat, rye, bran, multigrain, etc.), rice, pasta, homemade baked goods low in fat, low fat crackers (ricecakes, popcorn cakes, Rye Krisp, melba toast, pretzels, breadsticks), hot or cold cereals (with 1 to 2 grams of fat or less per serving). High fat baked goods (pies, cakes, doughnuts, croissants, pastries, muffins, biscuits), high fat crackers, egg noodles, granola type cereals, cereals with more than 2 grams of fat per serving, pasta and rice prepared with cream, butter, or cheese sauces. Vegetables
(3-5 servings per day or more)Any fresh, frozen, canned, dried. Vegetables prepared in butter, cream or other sauces, fried vegetables. Fruits
(4 servings per day or more)Any fresh, frozen, dried, canned. Coconuts, avocados, and olives except as allowed under Miscellaneous Foods. Desserts & Sweets
(Limit to control calories)Sugar, jelly, jam, honey, molasses, low-fat frozen desserts (sherbet, sorbet, ices, nonfat frozen yogurt, popsicles), angel food cake, low fat cakes and cookies (vanilla wafers, graham crackers, ginger snaps), baking cocoa, low-fat candy (jelly beans, hard candy). Ice cream, high fat cakes, pies and cookies (most commercially made), chocolate. Beverages Juices, tea, coffee, decaffeinated coffee, carbonated drinks, most alcoholic beverages. Milkshakes, ice cream floats, eggnog, alcoholic beverages containing milk, cream or coconut, commercially softened water as beverage or in food preparation. Miscellaneous Foods Limit fat based on total number of calories consumed. Generally no more than 6-8 servings per day of added fat such as margarine and salad dressing should be eaten; overweight, sedentary or elderly individuals may need less. Limit (1 tsp per serving), Unsaturated vegetable oils (corn, olive, canola, safflower, sesame, soybean, sunflower), margarine or shortening made from unsaturated vegetable oils, mayonnaise and salad dressings made from unsaturated oils (1 Tbsp), diet margarine (2 tsp), avocado (1/8 medium or 2 Tbsp); salt-free seeds and nuts (1 Tbsp seeds, 6 almonds, 20 small peanuts); salt free peanut butter.
No Limit: Vegetable oil sprays, fat-free salad dressings, fat-free sour cream, herbs, spices, pepper, salt substitute with health care provider's approval, mustard, vinegar, lemon and lime juice, cream sauces made with allowed ingredients.Butter, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, lard, bacon fat, salad dressings made with egg yolk, fried snack foods (potato chips, cheese curls, tortilla chips), olives, avocados, regular cream sauces, salt, garlic salt, celery salt, onion salt, seasoned salt.
CHOLESTEROL- & FAT-RESTRICTED DIET - Sample Menu
SUGGESTED MEAL PLAN SUGGESTED FOODS AND BEVERAGES BREAKFAST
Fruit Juice
Cereal
Meat / Meat Substitute
Bread-Margarine
Milk
BeverageSUGGESTED BREAKFAST
Grapefruit Half
Bran Flakes
Low Cholesterol Egg Substitute
2 slices Whole Wheat Toast
1 cup 1% Milk*
CoffeeDINNER - NOON OR EVENING MEAL
Meat / Meat Substitute
Potato / Potato Substitute
Vegetable and / or Salad
Bread - Margarine
Dessert
BeverageSUGGESTED LUNCH/DINNER
3 oz. Fat-free Chicken Breast
Fat-free Sweet Potato
Fat-free Green Beans
Whole Wheat Bread, Margarine
Strawberries
Iced Tea
SUPPER - EVENING OR NOON MEAL
Soup or Juice
Meat / Meat Substitute
Potato / Potato Substitute
Vegetable and / or Salad
Bread-Margarine
Dessert
Milk
BeverageSUGGESTED SUPPER/DINNER
1/2 cup Vegetable Juice
3 oz Fat-free Meatballs in Tomato Sauce
Spaghetti
Fat-free Broccoli
Garlic Bread, 1 tsp Margarine
Fruit Sorbet
1 cup 1% Milk*
Coffee or Tea
* To further reduce amount of fat in your diet, omit margarine and use skim milk.
Nutrient Analysis
Calories Protein Carbohydrate Fat Cholesterol Dietary Fiber Vitamin A Vitamin C Niacin Riboflavin Thiamin Folate Calcium Phosphorus Zinc Iron Sodium Potassium 1781 Kcal 97 gm 255 gm 62 gm 132 mg 42 gm 2885 IU 248 mg 39 mg 2.8 mg 2.5 mg 589 mcg 888 mg 2111 mg 20 mg 23 mg 2803 mg 4579 mg
NOTE: Bulk herbs are available through Mountain Rose Herbs and Nutritional Supplements are available through Herbal Remedies. To find supplements not listed above, click on the links below:
Mountain Rose Bulk Herbs
Mountain Rose Aromatherapy Oils
Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils A-B
Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils C-E
Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils F-L
Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils M-P
Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils Q-Z
Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils: Oil Blends & Resins
Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils: Diffusers, Nebulizers, & Burners
Mountain Rose Herbs, Aromatherapy Oils: Oil Kits
Click Here To Visit Herbal Remedies Product Page
Return to MoonDragon's Nutrition Index Page
MoonDragon's Nutritional Analysis Index
