DESCRIPTION

Shock is defined as a disturbance of the oxygen supply to the tissues and return of blood to the heart. It can follow:

• Any severe injury.
• Cardiac arrest.
• Acute hemorrhage.
• Severe pain.
• Excessive loss of body fluids (as in severe burns).

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SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK

Early signs and symptoms include:

• Pale, cold skin that is moist to the touch.
• Complaints of weakness.
• Weak, rapid pulse.
• Rapid and irregular breathing.
• Restlessness and anxiety.
• Perspiration.

Later signs of shock include:

• Mottled skin.
• Lack of response.
• Sunken eyes with pupils that are dilated, and vacant expression.
• Loss of consciousness.
• Drop in body temperature.

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PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Anxiety aggravates the situation, but shock can be prevented if steps are taken early. Prevention of shock includes controling situations that could trigger it.

• Call for help - activate the emergency medical system.

• Keep the person lying down and quiet.

• Maintain normal body temperature. Provide light warmth if needed.

• Position person with the feet and legs slightly higher than body and head (Trendelenburg position), unless contraindicated by specific injury. This assures improved circulation to vital organs.
  • Burned areas should be elevated unless it causes the person pain.

  • If fractures are involved, make sure the part is splinted (braced) before positioning the person to prevent shock.

• Intravenous fluids to improve circulatory volume and low volumes of oxygen will be given.
  • This equipment will be readily at hand in a care facility.

  • In the community, the emergency personnel answering the call will bring the suppies necessary to manage fluid and oxygenation.

• Continue to monitor pulse and respirations.

Unless shock is controlled, death can occur. Until help arrives, your care can often make the difference between life and death.