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Vitamin K is needed for the production of prothrombin, which is necessary for blood clotting. It is also essential for bone formation and repair; it is necessary for the synthesis of osteocalcin, the protein in bone tissue on which calcium crystallizes. Consequently, it may help prevent osteoporosis.
Vitamin K plays an important role in the intestines and aids in converting glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver, promoting healthy liver function. It may increase resistance to infection in children and help prevent cancers that target the inner linings of the organs. It aids in promoting longevity.
A deficiency of this vitamin can cause abnormal and/or internal bleeding.
Vitamin K exists in three forms. Vitamin K-1 (phylloquinone or phytonacetone) and vitamin K-2 (a family of substances called menoquinones) occur naturally; vitamin K-3 (menadione) is a synthetic substance.
SOURCES
Vitamin K is found in some foods, including asparagus, avocado, blackstrap molasses, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola oil, carrot, cauliflower, cottonseed oil, dark green leafy vegetables, egg yolks, green beans, liver, looseleaf lettuce, oatmeal, oats, olive oil, peapods, rye, safflower oil, soybeans & soybean oil, spinach, strawberry, Swiss chard, and wheat.
Herbs that can supply vitamin K include alfalfa, green tea, kelp, nettle, oat straw, and shepherd's purse. However, the majority of the body's supply of this vitamin is synthesized by the "friendly" bacteria normally present in the intestines.
COMMENTS
Antibiotics increase the need for dietary or supplemental vitamin K. Because vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the intestines, taking antibiotics - which kill the bacteria - interfere with this process. Antibiotics also interfere with the absorption of vitamin K.
Taking supplemental doses of Vitamin K may prevent, or correct deficiencies caused by, or be helpful with atherosclerosis, capillary fragility (bruising), Celiac disease, Crohn's disease, Osteoporosis, and ulcerative colitis. Vitamin K is prescribed by health care providers when treating an overdose of the drug Warfarin, and to prevent excessive bleeding in people taking Warfarin who require surgery.
VITAMIN K DOSAGE INFORMATION
The standard dietary allowance for Vitamin K is about 1 mcg per 2.2 pounds of body weight per day or about 65 to 80 mcg per day for most adults and can usually be achieved by consuming adequate amounts of leafy green vegetables.
CAUTIONS
There are no known side effects or interactions; however, Menadione, the synthetic form, is somewhat toxic in large amounts.
Do not take large doses of synthetic vitamin K during the last few weeks of pregnancy. It can result in a toxic reaction in the newborn.
Megadoses of this vitamin can accumulate in the body and cause flushing and sweating.
If you are on blood thinner medication, consult with your health care provider before taking any Vitamin K supplements.
VITAMIN K-1 (PHYLLOQUINONE) CONTENT OF COMMON FOODS
A. Fruits F. Grain Products K. Fats & Dressings B. Milk & Cheese G. Vegetables L. Desserts C. Eggs H. Snacks M. Beverages D. Legumes & Nuts I. Condiments & Sweeteners N. Infant & Junior Foods E. Meat, Poultry & Fish J. Mixed Dishes & Meals References Vitamin K Supplements
A. FRUITS
Apple, green peel N/A 60* Apple, red peel N/A 20* Apple, red raw 1 medium 1.8 Applesauce, bottled 1/2 cup 0.6 Apricot, raw 3 medium 3.3 Avocado, raw 1 small 14 Banana, raw 1 medium 0.2 Blueberries, canned 1/2 cup 6* Cantaloupe, raw 2/3 cup 0.4 Cherries, sweet, raw 15 cherries 1.5 Cranberry sauce 1/3 cup 1* Fruit cocktail, canned in heavy syrup 1/2 cup 2.6 Grapefruit, raw 1/2 medium Less than 0.01 Grapes, red/green, seedless, raw 1 cup 8.3 Kiwi fruit 1 1/4 medium 25* Lemon, fresh 2 medium 0.2* Orange, raw 3/4 medium Less than 0.01 Peach, raw 1 medium 2.1 Pear, canned in light syrup 1/2 cup 0.2 Pear, raw 3/4 pear 4.9 Pineapple, canned in juice 1/3 cup, pieces 0.3 Pineapple, fresh 1/2 cup, pieces 0.1* Plums, raw 1 1/2 medium 8.2 Prunes, dried 12 prunes 1.4 Pumpkin, canned 1/2 cup 16* Raisins, dried 2/3 cup 1.7 Strawberries, raw 2/3 cup 1.5 Watermelon, raw 2/3 cup 0.2
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B. MILK & CHEESE
Food Name Cheese, American processed 3.5 oz 1.6 Cheese, cheddar 3.5 oz 2.1 Cheese, cottage, 4% milk fat 3.5 round Tbsp. 0.4 Cheese, cream 7 Tbsp. 2.9 Cheese, Swiss 3.5 oz 2.8 Cream, sour 8 Tbsp. 1* Milk, chocolate, fluid 3 fl oz 0.2 Milk, evaporated, canned 3 fl oz 1.6 Milk, low fat (2%) chocolate 3 fl oz 0.4* Milk, low fat (2% fat), fluid 3 fl oz 0.2 Milk, skim, fluid 3 fl oz 0.01 Milk, whole (dry) 3/4 cup 2* Milk, whole, fluid 3 fl oz 0.3 Yogurt, fruit-flavored, low fat (fruit mixed in) 3.5 fl oz 3.0 Yogurt, plain, low fat 3.5 fl oz 0.1
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C. EGGS
Food Name Eggs, boiled 2 (large) 0.3 Eggs, fried 2 (large) 6.9 Eggs, scrambled 2 (large) 12
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D. NUTS
Food Name Nuts, mixed, no peanuts, dry roasted 3.5 oz 13 Peanut butter, smooth 6 Tbsp. 0.3 Peanut, dry, roasted 3.5 oz 0.3 Peanut, raw 3.5 oz 0.2* Pecan, dry 3.5 oz 10* Pistachio nut 3.5 oz 70*
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E. MEAT, POULTRY, & FISH
Food Name Albalone 3.5 oz 23* Beef, chuck roast, baked 3.5 oz 0.7 Beef, ground, pan-cooked 3.5 oz 2.4 Beef, steak, loin, pan-cooked 3.5 oz 1.8 Bologna, sliced 4 slices 0.3 Bream, butterfly 3.5 oz 0.2* Chicken breast, roasted 3.5 oz Less than 0.01 Chicken nuggets, fast food 5 nuggets 1.5 Chicken, fried (breast, leg, & thigh), fast food 1 piece 1.3 Chicken, fried (breast, leg, & thigh), homemade 1 piece 4.5 Clam 5 large 0.2* Eel 3.5 oz 0.02* Fish sticks, frozen, heated (1 stick = 4" x 2" x 1/2") 3.5 sticks 6.8 Frankfurters, beef, boiled 2 franks 1.8 Haddock, pan-cooked 3.5 oz 5.2 Ham luncheon meat, sliced 5 slices Less than 0.01 Ham, baked 3.5 oz Less than 0.01 Lamb chop, pan-cooked 3.5 oz 4.6 Liver, beef, fried 3.5 oz 2.7 Mackerel 3.5 oz 5* Octopus 3.5 oz 0.07* Oyster 7 medium 0.1* Pork bacon, pan-cooked 16 med slices 0.1 Pork chop, pan-cooked 3.5 oz 3.1 Pork roast, baked 3.5 oz Less than 0.01 Pork sausage, pan-cooked 7 1/2 links or 3 1/2 patties 3.4 Prawn 3.5 oz 0.03* Salami, sliced 4 slices 1.3 Salmon, pink 3.5 oz 0.4* Sardine 3.5 oz 0.09* Saury, Pacific 3.5 oz 0.02* Shrimp, boiled N/A Less than 0.01 Squid 3.5 oz 0.02* Tuna, bluefin 3.5 oz 0.03* Tuna, canned in oil, drained 3.5 oz 24 Turkey breast, roasted 3.5 oz Less than 0.01 Veal cutlet, pan-cooked 3.5 oz 6.6 Yellowtail, young 3.5 oz 0.08*
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F. GRAIN PRODUCTS
Food Name Bagel, plain 2 bagels 0.4 Biscuit, from refrigerated dough, baked 3 1/2 biscuits 4.6 Bread, corn, homemade 1 piece 7.4 Bread, cracked wheat 4 slices 3.5 Bread, rye 4 slices 3.0 Bread, white 4 slices 1.9 Bread, white roll 3 1/2 rolls 2.1 Bread, whole wheat 4 slices 3.4 Cereal, bran, raisin 3.5 oz 1.6 Cereal, Fruit-flavored, sweetened 3.5 oz 0.2 Cereal, granola 3.5 oz 1.8 Cereal, oat ring 3.5 oz 0.8 Cereal, shredded wheat 3.5 oz 1.5 Cereal, wheat, farina, quick (1-3 min), cooked 1/2 cup 0.06 Cereal, crisped rice 3 1/2 cups Less than 0.01 Corn grits, regular, cooked 1/2 cup Less than 0.01 Cornflakes 3.5 oz 0.03 Crackers, graham 14 crackers 8.9 Crackers, saltine 33 crackers 3.6 Crackers, butter-type 28 crackers 13.1 Egg noodles, boiled 3/4 cup 0.09 Flour, Barley N/A 1* Flour, Buckwheat 3/4 cup 7* Flour, Rice 2/3 cup 0.04* Flour, Wheat 3/4 cup 0.6* Macaroni, boiled 3/4 cup 0.05 Muffin, blueberry, commercial 2 1/2 muffins 25 Muffin, English, plain, toasted 2 muffins 0.3 Oatmeal, quick (1-3 min), cooked 1/2 cup 0.4 Pancakes from mix Three 4" pancakes 6.5 Rice cake 20 rice cakes 0.6* Rice, white cooked 1/2 cup Less than 0.01 Sesame seed, dry 11 Tbsp. 8* Spaghetti, dry 3.5 oz 0.2* Tortilla, flour 3 tortillas 3.1
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G. VEGETABLES
Food Name Algae, Green laver 3.5 oz 4* Algae, Purple laver 3.5 oz 1385* Algae, Konbu N/A 66* Algae, Hijiki N/A 327* Amaranth, raw leaf N/A 1140* Artichoke, globe 1/3 medium 14* Asatsuki, leaf N/A 190* Ashitaba, leaf N/A 590* Asparagus, fresh/frozen, boiled 7 spears 80 Basella, raw leaf N/A 160* Beans, green, fresh/frozen, boiled 3/4 cup 16 Beans, kidney, dry, boiled 1/2 cup 8.4 Beans, lima, immature, frozen, boiled 1/2 cup 5.1 Beans, pinto, dry, boiled 1/2 cup 3.7 Beets, fresh/frozen, boiled 1/2 cup 1.2 Bell tree dahlia, raw leaf N/A 630* Bell tree dahlia, cooked leaf N/A 1110* Broccoli, fresh/frozen, boiled 1/2 cup 113 Brussels sprouts, fresh/frozen, boiled 5 sprouts 289 Cabbage, fresh, boiled 2/3 cup 98 Carrot, fresh, boiled 2/3 cup 15 Cauliflower, fresh/frozen, boiled 1/2 cup, pieces 20 Celery, raw 2.5 stalks 32 Chard, Swiss, raw leaf N/A 830* Chingentsuai, raw green N/A 120* Chive, raw 33 Tbsp., chopped 190* Chrysanthemum, garland 1 cup, pieces boiled 350* Coleslaw with dressing, homemade 3/4 cup 100 Collards, fresh/frozen, boiled 1/2 cup 440 Coriander, raw leaf 6 1/4 cups 310* Coriander, cooked leaf N/A 1510* Corn, cream style, canned 1/3 cup 0.03 Corn, fresh/frozen, boiled 2/3 cup 0.3 Cucumber, raw 1 cup, slices 2.2 Eggplant, fresh, boiled 1 cup, pieces 2.9 Endive, raw 2 cups, chopped 231* French fries, fast food 20 pieces 4.4 French fries, frozen, heated 3.5 oz 7.1 Fungi, Shitake, raw 5 mushrooms 0* Fungi, Shimeji N/A 0* Fungi, Nameko N/A 0* Kaiwaredaikon, raw leaf N/A 80* Kale, raw leaf N/A 817* Komatsuna, raw leaf N/A 280* Leek, raw 1 cup, chopped 14* Lettuce, raw, heading & bib N/A 122* Lettuce, red leaf N/A 210* Lettuce, Iceberg, raw 5 leaves 31 Malabar gourd, raw leaf N/A 22* Mushrooms, raw 1 1/3 cups, pieces 0.06 Okra, fresh/frozen, boiled 1/2 cup, slices 40 Onion, green scallion, raw 2/3 cup, chopped 207* Onion, mature, raw 2/3 cup, chopped 0.3 Osh, raw leaf N/A 310* Parsley, raw leaf 1 1/2 cups 540* Parsley, cooked leaf Chopped 900* Parsnip N/A 1* Peas, green, fresh/frozen, boiled 1/2 cup 24 Peas, mature, dry, boiled 2/3 cup 5 Pepper, green, raw 1 cup, chopped 2.5 Perilla, raw, leaf N/A 650* Potato, raw 1 potato 0.8* Potato, white, baked with skin 1/2 potato 1.1 Potato, white, boiled without skin 2/3 potato 0.3 Potatoes, mashed, from flakes 1/2 cup 5.1 Potatoes, scalloped, homemade 1/2 cup 3.3 Purslane, raw N/A 381* Radish, raw 1 cup, slices 0.4 Roctish, raw leaf N/A 290* Roctish, cooked leaf N/A 420* Samat, raw leaf N/A 350* Samat, cooked leaf N/A 960* Sauerkraut, canned 1/2 cup 13 Spinach, fresh/frozen, boiled 1/2 cup 360 Squash, summer, fresh/frozen, boiled 1/2 cup, slices 4.4 Squash, summer, peel only N/A 80* Squash, winter, fresh/frozen, baked, mashed 1/2 cup 1.1 Sweet potato, canned 1 cup 4* Sweet potato, fresh, baked 1 potato 2.4 Tofu 1/2 cup 2* Tomato sauce, plain, bottled 1/2 cup 2.9 Tomato, red, raw 1 tomato 3 Tomato, stewed, canned 1/2 cup 2.4 Toumyao (Chinese) N/A 380* Turnip, fresh/frozen, boiled 3.5 oz 0.07 Tziton, raw leaf N/A 250* Vegetables, mixed, frozen, boiled 1/2 cup 19 Watercress, raw 3 cups 250*
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H. SNACKS
Food Name Chips, corn 3.5 oz 7.3 Chips, potato 3.5 oz 15 Popcorn, popped in oil 9 cups 20 Pretzel, hard, salted, any shape 3.5 oz 2.9
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I. CONDIMENTS & SWEETENERS
Food Name Catsup, tomato 7 Tbsp. 3.6 Honey 5 Tbsp. Less than 0.01 Jelly, any flavor 5 Tbsp. 12 Mustard, yellow 7 Tbsp. 2.2 Olives, black 23 large 1.4 Pickles, dill cucumber 1.5 large (3 3/4" long, 1 1/4" diameter) 13 Pickles, sweet cucumber 3 large (3" long, 3/4" diameter) 23 Sugar, white, granulated 1/2 cup Less than 0.01 Syrup, chocolate dessert topping 5 Tbsp. 0.2 Syrup, pancake 5 Tbsp. Less than 0.01
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J. MIXED DISHES & MEALS
Food Name Beef chow mein, from Chinese carryout 1/3 cup 31 Beef stew with potatoes, carrots and onion, homemade 1/3 cup 4.8 Beef stroganoff, homemade 3.5 oz 1.7 Cheeseburger, quarter-pound on bun, fast food 1/2 sandwich 4.1 Chicken pot pie, frozen, heated 3.5 oz 2.7 Chili con carne with beans, homemade 3.5 oz 4.7 Chowder, clam, New England, canned, condensed 1/3 cup 0.3 English muffin, egg, cheese, & ham, fast food 1 muffin 3.7 Fish sandwich on bun, fast food 2/3 sandwich 17 Frankfurter on bun, fast food 1 frankfurter 4.4 Hamburger, quarter-pound on bun, fast food 2/3 sandwich 3.8 Lasagna with meat, homemade 3.5 oz 5.3 Macaroni & cheese, from box mix 1/3 cup 5.3 Meatloaf, homemade 3.5 oz 12 Peppers, green, stuffed with beef and rice, homemade 1/2 stuffed pepper 7.4 Pizza, cheese and pepperoni, regular crust, from carryout 1/8 of 12" pizza 3.8 Pizza, cheese, regular crust, from pizza carryout 1/4 of 12" pizza 4.2 Pork & beans, canned 1/3 cup 1.1 Soup, bean with bacon/pork, canned, condensed 3.5 oz 0.9 Soup, chicken noodle, canned condensed 3.5 oz 0.1 Soup, mushroom, canned, condensed 3.5 oz 2.0 Soup, tomato, canned, condensed 3.5 oz 1.5 Soup, vegetable beef, canned, condensed 3.5 oz 0.6 Spaghetti with tomato sauce and meatballs, homemade 1/3 cup 5.7 Spaghetti with tomato sauce, canned 1/3 cup 0.7 Steak, Salisbury with gravy, frozen meal 3.5 oz 2.3 Taco/tostada, from Mexican carryout 1/2 taco/tostada 16 Tuna noodle casserole, homemade 3.5 oz 20 Turkey with gravy, frozen meal 3.5 oz 5.3
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K. FATS & DRESSINGS
Food Name Butter, regular (salted) 7 Tbsp. 7.0 Cream substitute, frozen 3.5 fl oz 5.7 Cream, sour 8 Tbsp. 1 Gravy, brown, homemade 3.5 oz 0.3 Half and half 7 Tbsp. 1.3 Margarine, stick, regular 7 Tbsp. 33 Mayonnaise, regular, bottled 7 Tbsp. 41 Oils, Almond 7 Tbsp. 7* Oils, Canola (Rapeseed) 7 Tbsp. 141* Oils, Corn 7 Tbsp. 3* Oils, Olive/Safflower 7 Tbsp. 28 Oils, Peanut 7 Tbsp. 0.7* Oils, Salad 7 Tbsp. 148* Oils, Sesame 7 Tbsp. 10* Oils, Soybean 7 Tbsp. 193* Oils, Sunflower 7 Tbsp. 9* Oils, Walnut 7 Tbsp. 15* Salad dressing, French, regular 7 Tbsp. 51 Salad dressing, Italian, low calorie 7 Tbsp. 2.9 Sauce, white, homemade 3.5 oz 6.9
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L. DESSERTS
Food Name Brownies, commercial 5 brownies (3 X 1 X 7/8") 14 Cake doughnuts with icing, any flavor 3 doughnuts 9.8 Cake, chocolate, with chocolate icing, commercial 2 pieces 13 Cake, snack, chocolate, with chocolate icing 3.5 oz 5.7 Cake, yellow with white icing 1 piece 8.5 Candy bar, milk chocolate, plain 3.5 oz 0.4 Candy, caramel 13 pieces 1.7 Cookies, chocolate chip, commercial 8 cookies 10 Cookies, sandwich with creme filling, commercial 10 cookies 8.7 Cookies, sugar, commercial 6 cookies 11 Danish, sweet roll, commercial 2 rolls 11 Gelatin dessert, any flavor 1/3 cup 0.02 Ice cream, vanilla 3/4 cup 0.3 Milkshake, chocolate, fast food 3.5 fl oz 0.2 Pie, apple, fresh/frozen, commercial 1/8 pie 11 Pie, pumpkin, fresh/frozen, commercial 1/8 pie 10 Popsicle, any flavor 3.5 fl oz bar Less than 0.01 Pudding, chocolate, from instant mix 1/3 cup 0.4 Sherbet, fruit flavor 1/2 cup 0.3 Suckers, any flavor 17 lollipops Less than 0.01
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M. BEVERAGES
Food Name Beer 3.5 fl oz Less than 0.01 Coffee, decaffeinated, from instant 3.5 fl oz 0.02 Coffee, from ground beans 3.5 fl oz Less than 0.01 Cola, carbonated beverage 3.5 fl oz 0.02 Cola, low-calorie, carbonated beverage 3.5 fl oz Less than 0.01 Fruit drink, canned 3.0 fl oz 0.02 Fruit drink, from powder 3.5 fl oz Less than 0.01 Ginger ale, regular 3.5 fl oz 0.01* Ginger ale, diet 3.5 fl oz Less than 0.005* Juice, apple, bottled 3 fl oz Less than 0.01 Juice, cranberry 3 fl oz 0.005* Juice, grape, from frozen concentrate 3 fl oz 0.4 Juice, grapefruit, from frozen concentrate 3 fl oz 0.05 Juice, Orange, from frozen concentrate 3 fl oz Less than 0.01 Juice, pineapple, from frozen concentrate 3 fl oz 0.3 Juice, prune, bottled 3 fl oz 3.4 Juice, tomato, bottled 3.5 fl oz 2.3 Lemonade, from frozen concentrate 3.5 fl oz 0.06 Martini 3.5 fl oz Less than 0.01 Sake 3.5 fl oz Less than 0.005* Soy milk 3.5 fl oz 3* Tea, Tea bag 3.5 fl oz 0.08 Tea, Black, brewed 3.5 fl oz 0.05* Tea, Black, leaves (dry) N/A 262* Tea, Decaffeinated, brewed 3.5 fl oz 0.03* Tea, Green, leaves (dry) N/A 1428* Tea, Green, leaves, brewed 3.5 fl oz 0.03# Water, tap 3.5 fl oz Less than 0.01 Whiskey 3.5 fl oz Less than 0.01 Wine, dry, table 3.5 fl oz Less than 0.01
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N. INFANT AND JUNIOR FOODS
Food Name Applesauce, strained/junior 3.5 oz 1.3 Banana with tapioca, strained/junior 3.5 oz 0.1 Beans, green, strained/junior 3.5 oz 26 Beef, strained/junior 3.5 oz 1.7 Beets, strained/junior 3.5 oz 0.1 Biscuits, teething 9 biscuits 4.5 Carrots, strained/junior 3.5 oz 5.8 Chicken & noodle dinner, strained/junior 3.5 oz 0.9 Chicken, strained/junior 3.5 oz Less than 0.01 Corn, creamed, strained/junior 3.5 oz 0.05 Egg yolk, strained/junior 3.5 oz 0.4 Fruit dessert/pudding, strained junior 3.5 oz 0.5 Juice, apple, strained 3 fl oz 0.01 Juice, orange, strained 3 fl oz Less than 0.01 Macaroni, tomatoes, & beef, strained/junior 3.5 oz 1.7 Milk-based infant formula, high iron, ready-to-feed 3.5 fl oz 12 Milk-based infant formula, low iron, ready-to-feed 3.5 fl oz 13 Peaches, strained/junior 3.5 oz 4.9 Pears, strained/junior 3.5 oz 4.3 Peas, split, with vegetables & ham/bacon, strained/junior 3.5 oz 3.0 Peas, strained/junior 3.5 oz 17 Pudding, custard, strained/junior 3.5 oz Less than 0.01 Rice cereal, strained/junior 3.5 oz 0.3 Rice infant cereal, instant, prepared with whole milk 3.5 oz 0.3 Soy-based infant formula, ready-to-feed 3.5 fl oz 16 Spinach, creamed, strained/junior 3.5 oz 292 Sweet potatoes, strained/junior 3.5 oz 1.0 Turkey & rice, strained/junior 3.5 oz 4.2 Vegetables & beef, strained/junior 3.5 oz 4.1 Vegetables & chicken, strained/junior 3.5 oz 3.5 Vegetables & ham, strained/junior 3.5 oz 1.6 Vegetables, mixed, strained/junior 3.5 oz 7.4
REFERENCES
Booth SL, Madabushi HT, Davidson KW, et al. Tea and coffee brews are not dietary sources of vitamin K-1 (Phylloquinone). J Am Diet Assoc 1995;95:82-3
Booth SL, Sadowski JA, Pennington JAT. Phylloquinone (Vitamin K-1) content of foods in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study. J Agric Food Chem 1995,43:1574-79.
Booth SL, Sadowski JA, Weihrauch JL, Ferland G. Vitamin K-1 (Phylloquinone) content of foods: A provisional table. J Food Comp Anal 1993;6:109-20
Pennington JA, Church HN: Food Values of Portions Commonly Used, 16th Edition, J.P. Lippincott Company, 1994.
Calculated based on estimated portions to equal 100 gm from Pennington JA, Church HN: Food Values of Portions Commonly Used, 16th Edition, J.P. Lippincott Company, 1994. Booth SL, Sadowski JA, Pennington JAT. Phylloquinone (Vitamin K-1) content of foods in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study. J Agric Food Chem 1995,43:1574-79. Booth SL, Sadowski JA, Weihrauch JL, Ferland G. Vitamin K-1 (Phylloquinone) content of foods: A provisional table. J Food Comp Anal 1993;6:109-20. Booth SL, Madabushi HT, Davidson KW, et al. Tea and coffee brews are not dietary sources of vitamin K-1 (phylloquinone). J Am Diet Assoc 1995;95:82-3 N/A Not available
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VITAMIN K SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS
Alfalfa, NOW Foods, 650 mg, 500 Tabs
NOW Food's Alfalfa tablets deliver excellent health benefits. Alfalfa is a rich natural source of chlorophyll, vitamins, minerals and protein which supports a healthy colon.
Alfalfa Powder, Whole Food Supplement, NOW Foods, 1 lb.
Alfalfa Powder is a whole food supplement highly valued for its nutrition. Centuries ago, the Arabs used nutrient-rich alfalfa as feed for their horses, because they claimed that it made the animals swift and strong. They eventually became so convinced of its benefits to their own health that they named the grass Al-Fal-Fa, which means Father of Foods. Alfalfa Powder is a supplement which can be blended into vegetable juices or used in baking or in vegetarian dishes. It is 20% protein and 15% fiber; plus it contains 16 amino acids, 13 trace minerals and 13 vitamins.
Alive! Whole Food Energizer, Multi-Vitamin & Mineral With 18 mg of Iron Added, Nature's Way, 90 Tabs
Nature's Way ALIVE multi-vitamin with mineral is better absorbed into your blood stream because its tablets disintegrate up to 5X faster than other leading brands. No other supplement contains more life-giving nutrients than ALIVE, which is just the way it will make you feel.
Alive! Whole Food Energizer, Multi-Vitamin & Mineral With Naturally Occurring Iron (No Iron Added), Nature's Way, 90 Tabs
No other supplement contains more life-giving nutrients than Nature's Way ALIVE. This supplements is better absorbed into your blood stream because its tablets disintegrate up to 5X faster than other leading brands.
Alive! Whole Food Energizer, Multi-Vitamin & Mineral With Naturally Occurring Iron (No Iron Added), Nature's Way, 180 Tabs
No other supplement contains more life-giving nutrients than Nature's Way ALIVE. This supplements is better absorbed into your blood stream because its tablets disintegrate up to 5X faster than other leading brands.
Barley Grass, Certified Organic, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 250 Tabs
Barley Grass is harvested in the spring in its early stage of growth on fertile organic Kansas soil and is then carefully dehydrated and tableted to ensure preservation of all its fragile nutritional elements.
Bone Calcium Complex, Hypoallergenic, Allergy Research Group / Nutricology, 180 Caps
An advanced bone support formula containing calcium hydroxyapatite, a particularly well absorbed form of calcium and other nutrients that support healthy bone tissue.
Calcium Complex Bone Formula, Nature's Way, 100 Caps
Nature's Way Calcium Complex Bone Formula provides the key minerals and trace elements necessary for the dynamic process that maintains bone mass.
Full Spectrum Vitamin K, Allergy Research Group / Nutricology, 90 Softgels
A comprehensive vitamin K formula contains vitamin K-1 and Vitamin K-2 with other fat-soluble antioxidant co-factors, such as vitamins A, D and E (as gamma-and delta-tocotrienols).
Jason Vitamin K Creme Plus, 2 oz.
Jason Vitamin K Creme Plus is an intense skin nourishing creme that uses a unique combination of horse chestnut, calendula and bioflavonoids. Regular use of this harmonious blend of natural ingredients and vitamin-enriched treatment will help tone down redness, minimize the appearance of broken blood vessels, heal bruises faster, relieve pain from burns, lighten under eye circles and moisturize extremely dry skin.
Kid's SuperFood Powder, Chocolate Flavor, Children's Supplement, 200 g
The SuperFood Children's Supplement has 33 fruits and vegetables with a healthy scoop of cocoa to bring a new and tasty way for kids to get the anti-oxidant power of 3 servings of fruits and vegetables in one glass. They have used a quick-drying, low temperature, nutrient-preserving method to make a fruit and vegetable powdered drink that mixes easily with water or milk to provide your child with a fast, delicious way to drink up the healthy benefits of a variety of fruits and vegetables.
Liquid Multi-Vitamin & Mineral Complex With Trace Minerals, Orange Mango, 32 fl. oz.
Liquid Multi-Vitamin & Mineral Complex With Trace Minerals, Strawberry-Raspberry, 32 fl. oz.
Liquid Multi Vita-Min with Concentrace ® is a powerful dietary supplement formulated for the nutritional needs of active men and women. Essential vitamins and minerals for the prenatal nutrition, mature bone health, and increased energy and stamina are formulated in this great tasting liquid blend. Imagine a complete synergistic daily supplement so powerful that many people feel a difference the very first day. That's Liquid Multi Vita-Min. The most complete all-in-one liquid daily supplement that combines the benefits of multiple vitamins with the advantages of ionic minerals and trace minerals to replace those needed minerals not found in processed foods. The ionic trace minerals act as "catalysts" for all the multiple vitamins found in Liquid Multi Vita-Min. More than just a multi-vitamin, Liquid Multi Vita-Min is enhanced with calcium, antioxidant vitamins, B-complex vitamins, and ionic trace minerals.
Maxi Multi-Vitamin & Multi-Mineral Liquid With Trace Minerals, 32 fl. oz.
Introducing Maxi Multi Liquid minerals, ionically charged liquid minerals from Trace Minerals Research. Surging with over 70 minerals and trace elements that your body needs for optimal health, Liquimins Maxi Multi Liquid Vitamin is absorbed quickly because they are liquid. And because the minerals are ionically charged, they increase the absorption of other nutrients, too. They are perfect for those who prefer taking liquid supplements rather than tablets. And with Liquimins you get all the health benefits of minerals and trace elements with the ease, convenience, and speed of a liquid supplement. Look for the Liquimins drop on the label and feel the difference a full spectrum of ionically charged minerals can make. This fast absorbing liquid multivitamin is formulated to provide a complete, synergistic blend of essential vitamins and minerals. In combination with full-spectrum, body-balanced ionic trace minerals, Maxi Multi will help you maintain optimal health every day.
Multi-Vitamin & Multi-Mineral, Baby & Children's Liquid, Childlife, 8 fl. oz.
Children's liquid Multi Vitamin & Multi Mineral formula provides the optimal dosage of all the essential vitamins and minerals with trace elements for infants and children of all ages and it tastes great!
Multi-Vitamin With Iron, Nature's Way, 100 Caps
This multivitamin with Iron contains vitamins and minerals important for proper body function in quality forms and safe doses.
Multi-Vitamin Without Iron, Nature's Way, 100 Caps
The vitamins and minerals in this Multi Vitamin without Iron play many important roles in the body: antioxidants to protect fats, cells and DNA, coenzyme precursors for energy production and metabolism, and cofactors for hormones and enzymes which regulate body processes.
Ola Loa Children's Multi-Vitamin Drink Mix, Cran-Raspberry, 30 Packets
Better your kids health by introducing them to this Child Multi-Vitamin based upon the most up-to-date studies on nutrition and child development and is 100% all-natural.
Ola Loa Vitamin Energy Supplement Powder Drink Mix, Orange Repair, 30 Packets
Ola Loa is the most extensive vitamin and mineral supplement available in a great tasting effervescent energy drink.
Prenatal Multi-Vitamin & Mineral, 100% Natural, Complete, Nature's Way, 180 Caps
Nature's Way Woman's Prenatal Multivitamin and mineral supplement provides specially balanced prenatal vitamin and mineral potencies for pregnant women or postnatal lactating women.
Vitamin K-2 Supplement, Source Naturals, 60 Tabs
Source Naturals Vitamin K 2 is an excellent source of Vitamin K 2 which is a more biologically active form of vitamin K extracted from a fermented Japanese soyfood called natto, a powerhouse of nutrients. Fat-soluble, it is an essential cofactor for the production of proteins that bind calcium, supporting cardiovascular and bone health. Vitamin K2 is more efficient than K1 because it remains in circulation longer and is active in more tissues.
Herbal Remedies: Vitamin K Information
Herbal Remedies: Vitamin K Supplements & Products
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Nutrition Basics - Vitamins Index
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HELPFUL PRODUCTS & FURTHER EDUCATION
Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
-- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 2nd Edition
Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
-- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 4th Edition
Prescription for Herbal Healing: The A-To-Z Reference To Common Disorders
-- by Phyllis A. Balch
The Complete Guide to Natural Healing
Educational materials and products, including nutritional supplements and health products are available through Amazon.com. Use the search box provided below to search for a particular item.
HERBS, OILS, & SUPPLIES
Mountain Rose Bulk Herbs
Mountain Rose Aromatherapy Oils
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A Source For Medicinal & Ritual Herbs & Supplies
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