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MoonDragon's Health & Wellness
Vaccination Awareness Page: Online Information
Facts About Mercury & More Vaccination Links

Some thoughts to keep in mind while researching vaccinations:
  • Have you ever wondered why Americans are so chronically ill?
  • Did you know that vaccine immunizations lower your energy level for life, about 15%?
  • Did you even question the fact that they might be dangerous?


Facts About Mercury
By STARWARMER

1. Mercury is the most toxic non-radioactive element on earth.

2. A silver colored mercury amalgam filling normally contains 52% mercury.

3. On average, amalgam filling weighs 1 gram and contains 1/2 gram of mercury.

4. The typical adult carries ten amalgam fillings containing about 5 grams of mercury.

5. 1/2 gram of mercury in a ten acre lake would warrant issuance of a fish advisory for the lake.

6. Running shoes with mercury lights in their heels were banned by the Minnesota Legislature in 1994 because they contained a 1/2 gram of mercury in them and this was considered dangerous to public health.

7. The use of mercury amalgams has been banned and are on a scheduled phaseout in Germany, Austria, Denmark and Sweden.

8. A proposition passed in California in 1994 requires a warning in dental offices using mercury amalgam stating that "the people of the state of California have determined that the use of mercury in dental amalgam causes birth defects and other health problems." The proposition also requires that permission must be obtained from a patient before placing hazardous material in the mouth. (The new law is being contested by the ADA and California Dental Association, and is tied up in Federal Court).


Vaccines & Health Complications

Written and overseen by Lewis Mehl-Madrona, M.D., Ph.D.

Program Director, Continuum Center for Health and Healing,
Beth Israel Hospital / Albert Einstein School of Medicine

This page can be found at http://www.healing-arts.org/children/Vaccines/.

Introduction

The question of vaccine-related damage provokes tremendous controversy. Conventional opinion holds that vaccines are good, and that those who question vaccination are bad. Two potentially conflicting values operate in this controversy -- first, the desire to eliminate disease, and, second, the desire of parents to protect their children from damage. Vaccines pose risk. Diseases pose risk. How do we balance the risk from disease with the risk from vaccine. Unfortunately, few studies of the long term risks of vaccines exist. Parents are struggling to make hard decisions in a medical climate of antagonism for even questioning routine and extensive vaccination. Public health laws propose enforced vaccination. Where does the answer lie?

How Could Vaccines Cause Damage?

No vaccine is perfectly safe. An adverse event can be said to be caused by a vaccine (i.e., a true reaction) if it is associated with a specific laboratory finding and a specific clinical syndrome or both. Alternatively, a clinical or epidemiological study is needed to find out whether the rate of a given syndrome in vaccinated individuals exceeds that expected among unvaccinated controls. Immune panels and other laboratory tests, medical histories, and the supporting medical literature support a causal association, with increased risks among those children who are sick or have recently been sick. Anecdotal reports, such as those suggesting the onset of autism after MMR vaccine, are important in pointing toward possible relationships, which further investigative work can clarify.

Vaccination may damage children in several ways. Live or attenuated virus vaccination can actually produce the infection that the vaccine is supposed to prevent. For example, live polio should never be administered to a child who comes in contact with an HIV patient, for the attenuated virus can "leap" to the HIV patient and produce polio. Reports exist of normal parents who have developed polio from the viral vaccine given to their children.

A second mechanism of damage comes from neurotoxic materials found sometimes in vaccines. Thimerosol is the most widely discussed, since it contains mercury. The amount is small. Each vaccine is equivalent to the amount of mercury found in a 6 oz. Can of tuna fish. Nevertheless, some argue that even these levels may be important in a vulnerable child.

The third, and probably the most important theory of vaccine damage, relates to allergic reactions and the development of an auto-immune response, stimulated by the vaccine and its adjuvant. Vaccines always contain adjuvants, which are substances known to amplify the body's response to the vaccine. These adjuvants are known to sometimes cause allergic and auto-immune responses on their own.

We refer interested readers to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) web sites for estimates of disease prevented by vaccines. On-going debate rages over the benefits of vaccine for protection of the public and for prevention of the disease, versus the risk to individuals who receive the vaccine for vaccine-related complications. The question of whether or not a society can force its members to undergo individual risks (complications of vaccination) for the greater public good (disease prevention) is an important part of this question. The Center for Disease Control (as its name implies) represents one answer to these questions, while the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) champions the rights of individual families to refuse vaccines. The NVIC makes a very important, sometimes neglected point:


"Vaccination is a medical procedure which carries a risk of injury or death. As a parent, it is your responsibility to become educated about the benefits and risks of vaccines in order to make the most informed, responsible vaccination decisions."

A similar statement can be made about any medical procedure. There area also possible, but unproven links between MMR vaccine and juvenile diabetes multiple vaccines and autism, and OPV and Gulf War syndrome. Time and further research will tell if these proposed relationships are real.

Early Studies on Vaccine Complications

The history of studies on vaccines began in 1922 when a smallpox vaccination program caused an outbreak of encephalitis, with a secondary result of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, an ascending paralysis ending in death. The polio virus produces a breakdown of the myelin sheath, called poliomyelitis, which results in paralysis. Encephalitis, whether caused through disease or as a result of vaccination, can cause demyelination of the nerves. For more information, see The Mechanism of Encephalitic Damage from Vaccines. General paralysis is rare in regions where no organized vaccination of the population exists. It is impossible to deny a connection between vaccination and the encephalitis which sometimes follows it. [Reference: Wise RP, Kiminyo KP, Salive ME. Hair loss after routine immunizations. J Am Med Assoc 1997; 278: 1176-8.]

In 1935, Thomas Rivers discovered "experimental allergic encephalomyelitis," or (EAE). Until then, it was assumed that encephalitis was caused by a viral or bacterial infection of the nervous system. Rivers was able to produce brain inflammation in laboratory monkeys by injecting them repeatedly with extracts of sterile normal rabbit brain and spinal cord material which made it apparent that encephalitis was an allergic reaction. EAE can explain the association of allergies and autoimmune states with encephalitis.

In 1947, Isaac Karlin suggested that stuttering was caused by "delay in the myelinization of the cortical areas in the brain concerned with speech." In 1988, Dietrich and others, using MRI imaging of the brains of infants and children from four days old to 36 months of age, found that those who were developmentally delayed had immature patterns of myelination.

In 1953 it was realized that some children's diseases - measles in particular - showed an increased propensity to attack the central nervous system. This indicated a growing allergic reaction in the population to both the diseases and the vaccinations for the diseases.

In 1978, British researcher, Roger Bannister, observed that the demyelinating diseases were getting more serious "because of some abnormal process of sensitization of the nervous system."

Some investigators believe that this increased sensitization of the population is being enhanced by vaccination programs.

Vaccines & Mercury

This page can be found at www.healingarts.org/children/vaccines/vaccines-mercury.htm


Origins of the Mercury Controversy

The mercury controversy began in 1997, when Frank Pallone, a Democratic congressman from New Jersey, attached an amendment to an FDA reauthorization bill, requiring the FDA to "compile a list of drugs and foods that contain intentionally introduced mercury compounds and [to] provide a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the mercury compounds in the list." The bill later evolved into the landmark FDA Modernization Act of 1997 (FDAMA) and was signed into law on November 21, 1997.


Mercury Neurotoxicity

At high exposure levels, mercury causes neurotoxicity in humans, especially in fetuses and small infants whose brains are still developing. The major toxicity of mercury is manifested in the central nervous system. Forty years ago, when women at Minamata Bay, Japan, ate fish contaminated with methylmercury from pollutants, their children were exposed to high levels in utero and were born with developmental and neurologic disorders.

Methylmercury poisoning also occurred in Iraq following consumption of seed grain that had been treated with a fungicide containing methylmercury. In both the Japanese and Iraqi episodes, exposures to methylmercury were high.

Two population-based studies are often cited as the basis for calculations on the neurotoxicity of mercury in utero. In the first, a study from the Seychelles, infants were exposed to mercury in utero when their mothers ate a high daily consumption of methylmercury-containing fish. The mothers had mean mercury levels in hair of 6.8 ppm. No developmental defects were detected.

In the second, a study from the Faroe Islands, infants were born to mothers with mean hair levels of 4.3 ppm. In contrast to the Seychelles mothers, these mothers were exposed to mercury through intermittent "bolus" consumption of pilot whale meat. Lower scores on memory, attention, and language tests were associated with methylmercury exposure in the children (see the Mercury Study Report to Congress, EPA, 1997).


Thimerosal and Neurotoxicity

The mercury compound, thimerosal, was used as a vaccine preservative since the 1930s, and was viewed as a safe, reliable, and somewhat drab defender against bacterial and fungal contamination. Thimerosal was sometimes added to vaccines during manufacturing to offset production-related contamination. It was thought to have its greatest value in the field, where it acted as a fail-safe against imperfect aseptic handling, especially for multi-dose vaccines, in which the re-entry of needles increases the risk of bacterial contamination. Thimerosal's only competitor, 2-phenoxyethanol, was less effective in suppressing potential contaminants like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, and Staph. Aureus. 1 Thimerosal contains 49.6% mercury by weight. Thimerosal is a water-soluble, cream-colored, crystalline powder. In the human body, thimerosal is metabolized to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate. Toxicological information on the chief metabolite of thimerosal, ethylmercury, is extremely limited.

Total mercury levels before and after the administration of hepatitis B vaccine (which contains thimerosal) was measured in 15 preterm and 5 term infants. Comparison of pre- and post-vaccination mercury levels showed a significant increase in both preterm and term infants after vaccination. Additionally, post-vaccination mercury levels were significantly higher in preterm infants as compared with term infants. 2

During the recent controversy over the safety of thimerosal in vaccines, toxicologists have assumed that the toxicity of ethylmercury is equivalent to the toxicity of methylmercury. The primary environmental exposure is through consumption of predator fish. A 6-ounce can of tuna fish contains an average of 17 micrograms of mercury. A pediatric dose of hepatitis B vaccine contains very little more mercury than that.3

Thimerosal surfaced as a safety issue in Europe in June, 1999, when the Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA), completed an 18-month inquiry into the risks and benefits of using thimerosal in vaccines. The EMEA concluded that: "Although there is no evidence of harm caused by the level of exposure from vaccines, it would be prudent to promote the general use of vaccines without thimerosal."

The FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research (CBER) began by adding up the total amount of mercury given to children through vaccines in the U.S. immunization schedule. Thimerosal was present in over 30 licensed vaccines in the U.S. in concentrations of 0.003% to 0.01%. According to the agency's calculations, an infant six months old, receiving all vaccine doses on schedule, would receive:

75 micrograms of mercury from three doses of DTP,
75 micrograms from three doses of Hib, and
37.5 micrograms from three doses of hepatitis B vaccine;

for a total of 187.5 micrograms of mercury.

Thimerosal is metabolized in humans to ethylmercury, but guidelines for safe mercury intake relate only to methylmercury. The literature on ethylmercury toxicity was so scant that toxicologists did not know if ethylmercury was more or less toxic than methylmercury. Left with no choice, CBER analysts assumed that the toxicity of the ethyl compound was equivalent to the methyl compound.

Given this assumption, the mercury intake from vaccines in children six months old, 187.5 micrograms, was compared to the suggested safe limits for methylmercury intake published by three federal agencies: EPA, FDA, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Mercury intake through vaccination during the first six months of life exceeded the limit set by the EPA.

However, the EPA's reference dose, or RfD, was truly cautious, based on a single episode of methylmercury poisoning in Iraq in which 81 children were exposed to high levels of mercury in utero. The EPA calculated the RfD by determining the dose that produced a 10% prevalence of adverse neurological effects in the affected children, including late walking, late talking, and abnormal neurological scores. The agency then placed a 95% confidence interval around this dose and divided the lower bound of the interval by an "uncertainty factor" of 10 to arrive at the RfD.

Nevertheless, the Iraqi finding strengthened the anti-mercury argument, since its proponents maintained that mercury was most hazardous among children already susceptible for autism. Since most children are not susceptible, mercury might be acceptable for the majority, but devastating for the small minority.

The Iraqi children sustained long-term daily prenatal exposures, while vaccinated children have intermittent intramuscular doses later in life, as infants. No one knew how these exposure differences affected the potential neurotoxicity of mercury, or if they would.

Only two single-antigen pediatric hepatitis B vaccines exist on the U.S. market - Engerix-B (SmithKline Beecham) and Recombivax HB (Merck). Both contain thimerosal and 12.5 micrograms of mercury per 0.5 ml dose. The American Academy of Pediatrics pressed CDC to agree to a delay of the hepatitis B vaccination series, usually started at birth, for children born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-seronegative mothers. The Academy argued that the delay would only be temporary, because both Merck and SmithKline Beecham had promised that they could quickly shift manufacturing to thimerosal-free vaccine, perhaps in just a few months (the FDA had already promised to review applications for thimerosal-free hepatitis B vaccine within 30 days).

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is moving in the pharmacological direction of "single dose presentations of vaccines without preservatives", said the FDA's Dr. William M. Egan at the Third Annual Conference on Vaccine Research in Washington, DC, May 4, 2000. 4

Dr. Egan, acting director of the Center for Biological Evaluation and Research's office of vaccines research and review, centered his talk on thimerosal, a common preservative in vaccines, including childhood vaccines. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Public Health Service released a joint statement saying that the risks of not vaccinating far outweighed the potential risk of thimerosal. But the statement - as Dr. Egan pointed out - also recommended that thimerosal should be removed from vaccines as soon as possible.

As of May, 2000, it is possible to get the entire course of childhood vaccines without thimerosal, since some manufacturers have developed thimerosal-free vaccines.

Mercury and other heavy metals have an adverse effect on the sulfate transport mechanism which helps reabsorb sulfate at the level of the kidneys. 5 This transporter provides a mechanism to prevent excess loss of sulfate. Two heavy metals, chromium and mercury, are especially talented at preventing the transporter from doing its job: mercury could stop the retention of sulfate almost completely.6

Heavy metals are nephrotoxic, with the glomerulus a primary site of damage in some cases. In order to separate the direct effects of metal ions from those occurring secondary to systemic or post-glomerular toxicity, Templeton and Chaitu studied the effects of divalent salts of Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni and Co on freshly isolated rat glomeruli. 7

The concentration of the metal ion causing a 50% reduction in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein over 16 hours varied from 30 microM with Cd to about 2 mM with Ni and Mn. The log of the concentration was significantly correlated with the softness of the metal ion, indicating greater toxicity of ions such a Cd2+ and Hg2+ that prefer sulphur as a ligand. Incorporation of [3H]sulphate into proteoglycans was affected in a comparable manner to total protein synthesis. However, the softer metals caused a preferential decrease in the production of more highly charged dermatan sulphate, indicative of an effect on mesangial cells.

Various writers have theorized that heavy metal exposure might have the most deleterious effects on the differentiation of highly sulfated tissues like O2A cells, the precursors of type 2 astrocytes and for oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. This provides one potential explanation for how heavy metals might contribute to autism.

A similar transporter in the gut facilitates the absorption of sulfate from the contents of the gut, and is so similar structurally to the kidney and liver transporter that one would also expect mercury would pose similar problems regarding the acquisition of sulfate from the diet. Because mercury could pose problems both in absorption and retention of sulfate, it shouldn't be surprising that the symptoms of mercury poisoning are so similar to the symptoms of autism.

Dr. Rosemary Waring's work in autism found high levels of sulfate in the urine despite low blood levels. Dr. Waring also found evidence for a loss of sulfur detoxification ability. When the glomerular basement membrane itself becomes undersulfated, the result is increasing loss of sulfate, associated with peptiduria and proteinuria - common findings in autism.

If the body is wasting protein and amino acids, then it is also wasting its own metabolic source of sulfate. On the cellular level, sulfated amino acids can compensate for the loss of sulfate transporter function if these amino acids are available in adequate quantity for the cell to use. This assumes a lack of inherited problems in the cysteine to sulfate pathway - errors that are more common in autism than in controls.


Is There a Link between Mercury Exposure and Autism?

Purported links between mercury and autism still remain speculative, although new research shows that treatments for mercury toxicity are promising (see Dr. Amy Holmes article, The Chelation of Mercury in the Treatment of Autism). Mercury does affect microtubules, which participate in neuronal function and in synaptogenesis. The timing of infant and toddler thimerosal injections corresponds to major neuronal development and synaptogenesis (the making of synapses) that occurs postnatally in the human. Synaptogenesis is important with regard to eye-contact, smiling, early language, and other traits central to the diagnostic criteria for autism.

Why are only some children affected and not others? Proponents of the mercury hypothesis argue that numerous studies have documented a range of mercury responses, from not-affected to severely affected - in all species thus far studied. This range of reactions derives from genetic predispositions and/or from altered detoxification capabilities, which themselves involve liver function and glutathione.

Many factors can affect liver function and glutathione availability in infants and toddlers. For instance, a recent or chronic-active infection can deplete glutathione. The factors which predispose towards mercury neurotoxicity and their primary citations are reviewed in Bernard et al. Similarly, thalidomide and Pink Disease provide human examples wherein only some individuals within exposed populations developed adverse effects.


Ethylmercury and the DPT Vaccine

Ethylmercury has been a component of the DPT vaccine. Some believe that this compound exacerbates any tendencies of the DPT vaccine to contribute to epileptiform activity.


Testing for Mercury Toxicity

Tests thought to indicate a high potential for heavy metal poisoning (including mercury) include the following:



Changes in fractionated urine porphyrins is also good test for heavy metal toxicity, but is not completely specific for mercury.9 The specimen must be protected from light. The containers should be wrapped in aluminum foil and kept in the refrigerator. Coproporpyrin is elevated along with, sometimes, uroporphyrin.

Urinary mercapturic acid levels may also be high. In rats, exposure for a prolonged period to mercury as methyl mercury hydroxide was associated with urinary porphyrin changes, which were uniquely characterized by highly elevated levels of 4- and 5-carboxyl porphyrins and by the expression of an atypical porphyrin ("precoproporphyrin") not found in the urine of unexposed animals.

These distinct changes in urinary porphyrin concentrations were observed as early as 1-2 weeks after initiation of mercury exposure, and increased in a dose- and time-related fashion with the concentration of mercury in the kidney, a principal target organ of mercury compounds. Following cessation of mercury exposure, urinary porphyrin concentrations reverted to normal levels, consistent with renal mercury clearance.

Changes in the urinary porphyrin profile has been observed among human subjects with occupational exposure to mercury vapor sufficient to elicit urinary mercury levels greater than 20 micrograms/l. Urinary porphyrin profiles also correlate significantly with mercury body burden and with specific neurobehavioral deficits associated with low level mercury exposure.


References



  • The DPT Vaccine
    • DPT and Brain Damage
    • DPT and Autism
    • DPT and Vaccine-Induced Neuropathies
  • Diagnosis of Post-Vaccinal CNS Pathology
  • Vaccine-Induced Demyelination
  • Auto-Immunity, Vaccines and Autism
  • Database of Vaccine Injury
  • The MMR Vaccine
    • MMR Vaccine and Autism
    • MMR Vaccine and Other Complications
  • Other Vaccination Concerns
    • Concern About Vaccine Adjuvants
    • Immunological Consequence of Vaccines
    • Vaccination During Pregnancy and Risks for Autism
  • The Rubeola (Measles) Vaccine
    • The Rubeola Vaccine, Measles and Autism
    • The Risks of Not Vaccinating for Measles
  • Conflict of Interest and Vaccine Development
  • The Hepatitis B Vaccine
    • Hepatitis B Vaccine: The Risks
    • Hepatitis B: The Disease
    • Available Data on the Safety of Hepatitis B Vaccines
  • Information on Other Vaccines
    • Polio Vaccine
    • Pneumococcal Pneumonia Vaccine
    • Hemophilus Meningitis Vaccine
  • Appendix 1: Schedule for Routine Immunizations
  • Appendix 2: Standards for Pediatric Immunization Practices
  • Appendix 3: Decline of Number of Vaccine-Preventable Cases over Time
  • Appendix 4: Childhood Immunizations
    • The Burden of Suffering
    • Description of Preventive Measures
    • Evidence of Effectiveness
    • Public Policy Considerations
    • Recommendations of Other Groups
    • Rationale Statement
    • Recommendations of the American College of Preventive Medicine


    HOMEOPATHY AND VACCINES

    Homeopathy Online: Foreword To Homeopathy Online
    Homeopathy Online: Vaccinations and Their Side Effects
    Homeopathy Online: Long Term Consequences
    Homeopathy Online: Development of Allergies, Childhood Diseases, & Level of Protection
    Homeopathy Online: Conclusion & References

    Homeopathy Online: The Homeopathic View of Vaccination
    Homeopathy Online: The Homeopathic View of Vaccination Pt.2 - Hahnemann & Burnett
    Homeopathy Online: The Homeopathic View of Vaccination Pt.3 - 20th Century Perspectives
    Homeopathy Online: The Homeopathic View of Vaccination Pt.4 - Homeoprophylaxix & Shock


    Homeopathic Medicine & The Immune System

    Vaccines or What Vets Don't Tell You About Vaccines


    Vaccine Information Resource Center

    DIRECTORY:



    *********************************
    EDUCATE BEFORE YOU VACCINATE
    *********************************


  • Vaccination Myths (1996 Revision)
  • Concerned Parents for Vaccine Safety
  • GVAL Homepage
  • Vaccine Injured Email List
  • New Vaccine Email List
  • The Polio Vaccine & Simian Virus 40
  • Paralytic Polio Linked to Vaccinations
  • Think Twice Global Vaccine Institute: AVoid Vaccine Reactions
  • Vaccines Warning: Are They Really Safe & Effective?
  • National Vaccine Information Center
  • Be Informed About Vaccinations
  • Vaccination Myths (2001 Revision)
  • General Vaccination Articles
  • Vaccination Articles & Links
  • Vaccines - Government Enforced Vaccinations
  • Provaccine Website with a great list of antivaccine sites
  • Educate Yourself: Vaccine Dangers
  • Vaccination Information & Choice Network
  • Vaccine Dangers
  • Vaccine Dangers & Risks: Learn What CDC Documents & Science Really Reveal
  • DeepDownWellness: The Dangers of Vaccinations
  • Mild to Fatal Smallpox Vaccine Dangers - See For Yourself
  • Smallpox Vaccination Dangers
  • Activists Speak Out on Vaccine Dangers
  • NZHealth.net: Vaccination Dangers
  • NZHealth.net: Vaccination Dangers Summary
  • Vaccination Dangers: No Thought Allowed - What the Immunization Register Won't Tell You
  • Homeopathy Mail List: Vaccine Dangers Web Sites
  • AIDS Vaccine Dangers
  • Vaccine Dangers: Why I Didn't Have My Daughter Vaccinated
  • Hepatitis V Vaccine Dangers
  • Possible Anthrax Vaccine Dangers
  • Vaccination Liberation Information
  • Hepatitis B Vaccine & Homeopathy
  • Wysong Health Letter: Vaccine Safety
  • Danger's of Today's Vaccines: Tetanus, Pertussis and DTP
  • HolisticMed.com: Vaccination Information Internet Resources
  • USA Today: Survey Suggests Dangers of Smallpox Misunderstood


    ORGANIZATIONS (U.S.A.):

    1) National Vaccine Information Center
    512 Maple Avenue West, #206
    Vienna, VA 22180
    703-938-DPT3; 800-909-SHOT(7468)
    email: info@909shot.com
    Web Page: http://www.909shot.com

    Operated by Dissatisfied Parents Together (DPT), a national nonprofit educational organization representing thousands of parents and health care professionals concerned about childhood diseases and vaccines. The center provides support to help educate parents about vaccine safety and their right to choose immunizations, as well as support for parents and families who have experienced the devastation of a vaccine reaction, injury or death. They offer books, a newsletter, information on state vaccine laws, resource studies, lists of lawyers handling vaccine issues, etc.

    2) Vaccine Information & Awareness (VIA)
    Karin Schumacher, Director
    792 Pineview Drive
    San Jose, CA 95117
    408-397-4192 (voice mail/pager)
    408-554-9053 (phone/fax)
    email: kschumacher@san.rr.com
    For information on all sides of the issue http://home.san.rr.com/via/ and http://home.san.rr.com/via/VACCINE/toc-vax.htm

    3) Global Vaccine Awareness League (GVAL)
    25422 Trabuco Rd., Suite 105-230
    Lake Forest, CA 92630-2797
    Web Page: www.gval.com
    email: Michelle@gval.com

    4) National Health Federation
    P.O. Box 688
    Monrovia, CA 91017
    818-357-2181

    Publishes an Immunization Kit ($25) and the Health Freedom News Newsletter.

    5) People for Reason In Science and Medicine (PRISM)
    PO Box 2102
    Anaheim, CA 92814
    805-255-9522

    (Write for Information)

    6) Vaccination Alternatives
    P.O. Box 346
    New York, NY 10023
    212-890-5117
    Director: Sharon Kimmelman

    7) World Chiropractic Alliance
    2950 N. Dobson Road, Suite 1
    Chandler, AZ 85224
    phone: 800-347-1011
    fax: 602-732-9313

    (Write for Information)

    8) Center for Empirical Medicine
    Harris L. Coulter, Ph.D., Founder
    4221 45th Street N.W.
    Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
    phone (202) 364 0898
    fax (202) 362 3407
    email: emptherapies@earthlink.net
    Web Page: www.empiricaltherapies.com

    Dedicated to publicizing alternative medical thinking and to the public's right to information and choice of treatments, including (but not limited to) vaccinations.


    To the Directory


    ORGANIZATIONS (outside the U.S.A.):


    1) The Immunization Awareness Society, Inc.
    P.O. Box 56048
    Dominion Road
    Auckland, NEW ZEALAND
    64-9-420-580

    Formed in 1988 to ensure that all parents have sufficient information to enable them to make an informed choice about vaccination.

    2) Aurum Healing Centre
    P.O. Box 1198
    Geelong 3220
    AUSTRALIA
    052-29-7697

    Review of Risks and Alternatives. Includes a specific homeopathic program for protection from common childhood diseases and alternative to vaccination, and a supplementary homeopathic program if exposed to infection. A $20 surface, A $25 airmail as an Australian bank draft.

    3) Immunization Investigation Group
    P.O. Box 900
    Katoomba, NSW 2780
    AUSTRALIA
    Co-ordinator: Ms. Kerri Hamblin
    email: martin@pnc.com.au (Martin Chadwick)
    phone/fax: (047) 82-1497

    4) Campaign Against Fraudulent Medical Research
    Coordinator: Mr. John Leso
    P.O. Box 234
    Lawson, NSW 2783
    AUSTRALIA
    phone/fax: 61 (047) 58-6822
    email: cafmr@pnc.com.au
    (CAMFR Canberra: P.O. Box 1327, Woden ACT 2606)

    5) Vaccine Awareness Network, NSW (VAN)
    Coordinator: Meryl Dorey
    P.O. Box 177
    Bangalow, NSW 2479
    AUSTRALIA
    phone: (066) 871-699
    fax: (066) 872-032
    email: van@om.com.au

    6) Association For Vaccine Damaged Children
    Mary James
    67 Shier
    Winnipeg, Manitoba R3R 2H2
    CANADA

    (Write for Information)

    7) SOPHIA
    Associazione per la liberta' di scelta su vaccinazioni e terapie Via Po, 38 10123 Torino (To)
    ITALY

    President: Pierluigi Luzi
    Directors: Marco Papa, Aurelia Russo,
    voice (+39) (0)173 787336
    Laura Vincenzi, Barbara Mauri
    fax (+39) (0)173 787390
    email ielle@inrete.it


    To the Directory


    US GOVERNMENT:

    1) Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)
    Department of Health and Human Resources
    Washington, D.C.
    800-822-7967

    2) National Technical Information Service
    Springfield, VA 22161
    703-487-4650

    Maintains the database of VAERS claims since the program started in 1990.
    703-487-4600

    3) National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP)
    Health Resources and Services Administration
    Parklawn Building, Room 7-90
    5600 Fishers Lane
    Rockville, MD 20857
    800-338-2382

    Administered by the Department of Health and Human Services to provide payments for persons who have died or suffered an injury associated with vaccines for DPT, measles, mumps, and rubella, as well as oral and inactivated polio vaccine. Due to the Freedom of Information Act, a request in writing can get statistics on the number and dollar amount of payments made, and the corresponding number of injuries and deaths adjudicated.

    4) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
    Freedom of Information Branch
    HFI-35
    Rockville MD 20857
    301-594-2000

    5) Medlars Management Section
    National Library of Medicine
    8600 Rockville Pike
    Bethesda, MD 20894

    Offers "Grateful Med" software for searching the National Library of Medicine's national database archive with millions of studies and articles from over 3500 medical periodicals dating from the mid 1960's to the present; cost is about $30. Online search time is about $18/hr., but a well configured search set up offline may only cost $2-$4; results can be reviewed off-line. In the past they have given $20 of free online time to enable new users to become familiar with the system and software.

    6) US Congress Handbook
    Box 566
    McLean, VA 22101
    703-356-3572

    Detailed information about all US congressmen, district maps, top aids, committees, etc. $12.95.


    To the Directory


    BOOKS: DISTRIBUTORS AND PUBLISHERS:

    Some Recommended Books:

    Immunization Resource Guide:
    Where To Find Answers To All Your Questions About Childhood Vaccinations
    -- By Diane Rozario
    4th Edition, Patter Publications
    P.O. Box 204
    Burlington, IA 52601
    319-752-0039
    888-513-7770
    Fax 208-361-8889
    http://patterpublications.com
    http://www.healthychild.com/immunization_resource_guide.htm
    This guide has it all, pro and con, and is reasonably priced.

    What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Children's Vaccinations
    -- By Stephanie Cave, Deborah Mitchell

    How To Raise a Healthy Child in Spite of Your Doctor
    -- By Robert S. Mendelsohn MD

    Vaccination & Immunization: Dangers, Delusions & Alternatives
    -- By Leon Chaitow


    1) New Atlantean Press
    P.O. Box 9638
    Santa Fe, NM 87504
    505-983-1856

    Has the world's largest selection of uncensored vaccine information-books, vaccine laws, videos, and radio and television tapes and transcripts. Books include:


    2) The Minimum Price Homeopathic Books
    UPS only: 250 H St., Blaine, WA 98230
    P.O. Box 2187, Blaine, WA 98231
    Website: www.minimum.com/index.htm
    Orders: 1-800-663-8272
    Fax 604-597-8304
    Phone questions/business: 604-597-4757
    Email: Greg Cooper

      a. "Handbook of Homeopathic Alternatives to Immunizations," S. Curtis
      b. "Vaccination? A Review of Risks and Alternatives," Isaac Golden
      c. "Vaccination & Immunization- Dangers, Delusions and Alternatives," L. Chaitow
      d. "The Case Against Immunizations," R. Moskowitz, M.D.
      e. "The Immunization Decision: A Guide For Parents," R. Neustaedter, OMD, CA
      f. "More About Immunizations," N.J. Nossaman, MD
      g. "The Immunization Resource Guide," Diane Rozario
      h. "Homeopathy and Immunization," L. Speight


    3) Koren Publications, Inc.
    The Chiropractic Source
    2026 Chestnut St.
    Philadelphia, PA 19103
    1-800-537-3001
    Fax: 215-567-5601
    Phone: 215-567-2611
    Website: www.korenpublications.com
      a. "Vaccination: 100 Years of Orthodox Research Shows that Vaccines Represent an Assault on the Immune System," Viera Schiebner, Ph.D.
      b. "A Shot in the Dark," Harris Coulter, Ph.D.
      c. "Vaccination, Social Violence and Criminality," Harris Coulter, Ph.D.
      d. "Vaccines, Are They Really Safe and Effective?" Neil Miller
      e. "Immunization, The Reality Behind the Myth," Walene James
      f. "Vaccinations: The Rest of the Story," Mothering Magazine
      g. "The Immunization Resource Guide," Diane Rozario
      h. "Your Personal Guide to Immunization Exemptions," Grace Girdwain

    4) Homeopathic Educational Services
    2036 Blake St.
    Berkeley, CA 94704
    orders: 800-359-9051
    Fax 510-649-1955
    Inquiries/catalogues: 510-649-0294
    email: mail@homeopathic.com
    Web Page: www.homeopathic.com/index.html
      a. "The Immunization Decision," Randall Neustaedter, OMD
      b. "Shot in the Dark," Harris Coulter, PhD and Barbara Fisher
      c. "The Case Against Immunization," Dr. Richard Moskowitz
      d. "Vaccination, Social Violence, and Criminality: The Medical Assault on the American Brain," Harris Coulter, PhD
      e. "The World Traveler's Manual of Homeopathy," Dr. Cloin Lessell
      f. "The Vaccine Guide: Making an Informed Choice," Randall Neustaedter, OMD

    5) National Health Federation
    P.O. Box 688
    Monrovia, CA 91017
    818-357-2181
      a. "Vaccination Condemned," Eleanor McBean
      b. "Vaccinations Do Not Protect," Eleanor McBean
      c. "Vaccines: Are They Really Safe and Effective?," Neil Miller

    6) Eva Snead, M.D.
    9223 Lasater
    San Antonio, TX 78250
    210-256-1157
      a. "Vaccinations, The Untold Truth," Yves DeLatte, Edited by Eva Snead, M.D.
      b. "Some Call it AIDS: I Call it Murder The Connection Between Cancer, AIDS, Immunizations, and Genocide" Eva Lee Snead, M.D.
      c. "Immunization Related Syndromes," (video) Eva Snead, M.D.

    7) The Clymer Health Clinic
    5724 Clymer Road
    Quakertown, PA 18951

    A set of three publications on vaccination, written in part by Dr. Harold E. Buttram, includes:
      a. "The Dangers of Immunization"
      b. "Vaccinations and Immune Malfunction" and
      c. "How to Legally Avoid Unwanted Immunization"
    $12.00 per set postpaid.

    8) Hahnemann Pharmacy
    828 San Pablo
    Albany, CA 94706
    510-527-3003

    Specializes in homeopathic remedies, many of which are made on the premises. "The Immunization Decision" by Randall Neustaedter is available directly for $8.95 + $4.00 shipping if prepaid.

    9) " The Medical Mafia"
    When Dr. Lanctot published this book denouncing the system doctors have to work under and condemning the vaccination racket, she was asked to resign by the Medical Association; she refused. The controversy hit the media and her book become a bestseller.

    USA: $17.00 total price: Here's the Key, Inc.
    P.O. Box 223
    Morgan, VT 05853
    ph: 802-895-4914 / fax: 802-895-4669

    CANADA: 23.00 total price:
    Here's the Key, Inc.
    P.O. Box 113
    Coaticook,
    QC J1A 2S9
    ph: 819-835-9520 / fax: 819-835-5433

    10) " Immunization Resource Guide," Diane Rozario $13.95 ppd
    Patterson Publications
    P.O. Box 204
    Burlington, IA 52601-0204
    Phone: 319-752-0039
    Fax: 319-754-7970

    Reviews over 60 books that deal with immunizations and presents the names and addresses of over 70 organizations and publishers who provide immunization information.

    11) Personal Guide to Immunization Exemptions
    Grace Girdwain, $20.00 new & used.
    8320 S. Nashville Avenue
    Burbank IL 60459

    12) MegaHealth Society
    P.O. Box 60637
    Palo Alto, CA 94306
    415-949-0919
    email: fowkes@ceri.win.net

    Every Second Child, by Archie kalokerinos, M.D., paperback, $2.95 + $1.00 P/H; infant mortality reached 50% from the immunization of vitamin deficient Australian aborigines (vitamin deficiencies were the result of the processed foods diet imposed on the aborigines by ruling white Australians).

    13) " What Every Parent Should Know About Childhood Immunization," by Jamie Murphy. Challenges the orthodox view on immunization.

    "Murphy's thoroughly researched and well-documented effort will, one hopes, make decisions about inoculations somewhat easier. The book's availability in libraries is critical." --Jo Peer-Haas, American Library Association, Booklist

    Publisher: Earth Healing Products
    (508) 385-2055
    $13.95, paper, index, footnotes, 192 pages, 5½ x 8½
    Credit card orders call (800) 356-9315
    Or send $13.95 plus $1.95 S&H to:
    EARTH HEALING PRODUCTS
    Dept. W1, P.O. Box 11
    Dennis, MA 02638

    14) Sumeria
    P.O. Box 1767
    Collingwood VIC 3066
    AUSTRALIA

    "The Dream and Lie of Louis Pasteur" (book) $12.75 AUSTRALIAN. Credit cards accepted. Send all the usual details to the above address. Acceptable cards are Bankcard (Aus. and NZ banks only) or Mastercard or Visa (any banks anywhere.) Overseas folks please add $7.00 for postage.

    15) Health Action Network
    P.O. Box 43
    Hull HU1 1AA
    ENGLAND

    a. "Dispelling Vaccination Myths," Alan Phillips (booklet)
    b. "Mass Immunization, A Point in Question," by Trevor Gunn (booklet)
    Lifeforce Newsletter

    16) The National Center for Homeopathy
    801 Fairfax St., Suite 306
    Alexandria, VA 22314
    703-548-7790
    email: nchinfo@igc.apc.org

    "The Case Against Immunizations" (booklet) by Richard Moskowitz, M.D., is available for $3.00 plus $1.50 shipping.

    To the Directory


    NEWSLETTERS (U.S.A.):


    1) Family Connections Bi-Monthly Newsletter w/Vaccine articles ($10.00/year)
    Lis Roop
    PO Box 782
    Radford, VA 24141
    Phone: 703-633-0117
    Fax; 703-633-2764

    2) Health Freedom News National Health Federation
    P.O. Box 688
    Monrovia, CA 91017
    818-357-2181

    3) Mother to Mother: Another View Kathy Arnos, quarterly newsletter ($14.00/year)
    PO Box 1029-198
    Van Nuys, CA 91408
    Phone: 818-989-7707

    4) Ohio Parents for Vaccine Safety (OPVS)
    Kristine Severyn, R.Ph., Ph.D. ($10.00/year)
    251 W. Ridgeway Dr.
    Dayton, OH 45459
    Phone/fax: 513-435-4750

    5) Pure Water Gazette (Send for Info)
    Gene Franks, Free Quarterly Newsletter
    Box 2783
    Denton, TX 76202
    Phone: 817-382-3814

    6) Second Opinion Newsletter (monthly)
    Dr. William Campbell Douglass, ($49.00/yr)
    PO Box 467939
    Atlanta, GA 30346
    Phone: 800-728-2288

    7) The Parent's Information Network
    P.O. Box 225
    Lansing, WV 25862
    Tammy Pritchard, Founder

    8) Marie Van-Es
    Concerned Parents For Vaccine Safety
    2712 94th Ave E
    Edgewood, WA 98371
    Phone: 206-848-7860
    Email: gyrene@sprynet.com
    webpage: http://home.sprynet.com/~gyrene/

    Send a SASE with a 55 cent stamp for each newsletter you want. They currently have three out [Jan '97] and plan to have three more out by summer.

    To the Directory


    NEWSLETTERS (Outside U.S.A.):

    1) Campaign Against Fraudulent Medical Research
    P.O. Box 234
    Lawson, NSW 2783
    AUSTRALIA
    Phone/fax: 61 (047) 58-6822
    Email: cafmr@pnc.com.au
    (CAMFR Canberra: P.O. Box 1327, Woden ACT 2606)

    2) Vaccination Awareness & Info. Svc.
    Susan Lindberg, ($10/year)
    PO Box 9086, Manly West Q4179,
    AUSTRALIA
    (07-800-8821)

    3) Variance Edda West, ($25.00/year)
    814 Shaw Street
    Toronto, Ontario M6G 3M1, CANADA
    416-534-1477

    4) Scientific International Vaccination Newsletter
    Kris Gaublomme, M.D.
    (+32 11-227869; +32 89-304985 fax)
    D/J - USA, Krekenstraat 4, B-3600
    Genk, BELGIUM
    Fee: Eurocheck 500 BEF ($20.00 Visa, Mastercard)
    Write for information.

    5) What Doctors Don't Tell You
    Lynne McTaggart,
    4 Wallace Rd., London N1 2PG, ENGLAND

    6) The Immunization Awareness Society
    Wendy Lydall
    P.O. Box 56048
    Dominion Road
    Auckland, NEW ZEALAND
    64-9-420-580

    7) Primal Health Research Centre
    Dr. Michel Odent ($18.00/year) (quarterly)
    59 Roderick Road, London NW3 2NP ENGLAND
    (071-267-5123 fax)

    8) The Informed Parent
    Magda Taylor, Group Organizer
    19 Woodlands Road, Harrow
    Middlesex HA1 2RT, ENGLAND

    To the Directory


    INTERNET RESOURCES:


    A. VACCINATION EMAIL LISTS
    (good places to pose those pressing vaccination questions!)

    1. Karin Schumacher
    Vaccine Information & Awareness (VIA)
    Email: kschumacher@san.rr.com
    Web Page: www.home.san.rr.com.via

    Subscription service; steady stream of up to date information on all sides of the vaccination controversy. Highly recommended resource for staying on top of the issue.

    2. AVML - AVML@Majordomo.net

    A virtual support group for parents of partially or unvaccinated children, or for those otherwise directly concerned with the personal issues of non-vaccination. Write to the above email address and ask to be added.

    B. WORLD WIDE WEB SITES:

    1) National Vaccine Information Center
    Kathi Williams, Director
    Email: info@909shot.com
    Web Site: www.909shot.com

    2) Karin Schumacher Vaccine Information & Awareness (VIA) Email: kschumacher@san.rr.com
    Web Page: www.home.san.rr.com.via

    Most comprehensive listing of pro- and anti-vaccination links.

    3) New Atlantean Press
    Features many books, tapes, videos.
    Email: global@new-atlantean.com Web Site: http://internet.roadrunner.com:80/global/index.html

    4) Informed Parents Vaccination Home Page
    Features the internationally published vaccination article:
    "Dispelling Vaccination Myths: An Introduction to the Contradictions Between Medical Science and Vaccination Policy," by Alan Phillips. Also features Vaccination Information Resource Center, list of links, personal testimonies.
    Email: aphillip@email.unc.edu
    Web Site: http://www.unc.edu/~aphillip/www/vaccine/informed/htm
    "Dispelling Vaccination Myths" Mirror Sites:
    www.livelinks.com/sumeria/health/myth2.html
    www.ideasign.com/chiliast/vaccine/dvm1.htm

    5) Sumeria: The WWW Virtual Library
    Dispelling Vaccination Myths Web Page:
    http://www.livelinks.com/sumeria/health/myth2.html

    Other Vaccination articles at Web Page:
    http://www.livelinks.com/sumeria/health.htm

    6) The Minimum Price Homeopathic Books
    Web Site: http://www.minimum.com/catalog/doc00163.htm
    (see "Immunizations" under their subject listing)

    7) Global Vaccine Awareness League
    Email: Michelle@gval.com
    Web Site: http://www.gval.com/

    8) Homeopathic Educational Services
    Email: mail@homeopathic.com
    Web Site: http://www.homeopathic.com/index.html

    9) Magic Garden
    Three important vaccination articles:
    Web Site: http://www.magicgarden.com/community/childcare/childcareindex.html"

    10) Do Vaccines Really Work and Are They Safe?
    Web Site: http://www.eaglefoundation.net/Do%20Vaccines%20Work.htm

    11) Concerned Parents For Vaccine Safety Email: gyrene@sprynet.com Web Site: http://home.sprynet.com/~gyrene/

    C. EMAIL ADDRESSES

    1) " The Serpent on the Staff: The Unhealthy Politics of the American Medical Association ," by Howard Wolinsky & Tom Brune
    Email: wolinsky@interaccess.com

    2) MegaHealth Society
    P.O. Box 60637
    Palo Alto, CA 94306
    Phone: 415-949-0919
    Email: fowkes@ceri.win.net

    To the Directory


    STATEWIDE AND LOCAL SUPPORT GROUPS:

    1) The Parent's Information Network
    P.O. Box 225
    Lansing, WV 25862
    Tammy Pritchard, Founder

    Publishes newsletter and an immunization kit

    2) Michigan Opposing Mandatory Vaccines (M.O.M.)
    P.O. Box 1121
    Troy, MI 48099-1121
    Website: www.momvaccines.org

    3) Citizens for Healthcare Freedom
    P.O. Box 62282
    Durham, NC 27715
    Website: http://www.unc.edu/~aphillip/www/chf/
    alan_phillips@unc.edu

    Vaccine Awareness introductory lectures (write for info), NC Vaccination Kit: $12, includes Intn'l published vaccine article, Directory of Resources, NC law, religious exemption letter/instructions.

    4) Massachusetts Citizens for Vaccination Choice
    P.O. Box 1033
    East Arlington, MA 02174-0020
    (781) 646-4797 (781) 643-1864 (fax) Website: http://www.vaccinechoice.org/
    Email: MCVC@vaccinechoice.org

    5) Marie Van-Es
    Concerned Parents For Vaccine Safety
    2712 94th Ave E
    Edgewood, WA 98371
    Phone: 206-848-7860
    Email: gyrene@sprynet.com Web Site: http://home.sprynet.com/~gyrene/

    Send a SASE with a 55 cent stamp for each newsletter you want. They currently have three out [Jan '97] and will have three more out by summer.

    6) NJ Parents for Freedom of Vaccination Choice
    E-mail: ZachNPep@aol.com (Sue Collins) Sue Collins 908-903-0728 Dr. Drew Rubin 201-569-0500

    7) Gary Null's Action File: Vaccinations
    Website: http://www.garynull.com/issues/Vaccines/

    To the Directory


    OTHER RESOURCES:

    1) Josephine Szczesny
    Vaccine Research
    P.O. Box 4182
    Northbrook, IL 60065-4182

    4 minute recording on the dangers of vaccines at 1-708-564-1403. Also offers " Vaccination Health Hazards," a list of articles from worldwide medical journals for $4.

    2) The Fresno Bee Community Relations
    Free copy of DPT Report
    1626 E. Street, Fresno, CA 93786

    3) The Vaccine Machine (1984)
    Free Expose on Vaccinations, Gannett News Service
    PO Box 7858
    Washington, DC 20044
    703-276-5800

    4) Mothering Magazine
    $18.95/year (quarterly)
    PO Box 1690
    Santa Fe, NM 87504
    800-827-1061

    5) Citizens Against Government Waste (CAGW)
    A 600,000-member nonprofit, nonpartisan taxpayer group dedicated to exposing federal government waste, inefficiency and mismanagement.
    Contact Leslie Paige at 202-467-5300.

    To the Directory


    MORE RECOMMENDED BOOKS

    Available from major booksellers such as Amazon.com, or try inter-library loan:

    a. " How To Raise A Healthy Child In Spite Of Your Doctor," by Robert Mendelsohn, M.D.

    b. " The Hot Zone," Richard Preston

    c. " Don't Get Stuck! The Case Against Vaccinations and Injections," by Hannah Allen

    e. " Deadly Deceptions," by Robert E. Willner, MD, PhD

    f. " Vaccines Are Dangerous," by Curtis Cost and " Vaccines Are Dangerous: A warning to the Black Community," by Yoshua Barak

    g. " Murder By Injection," by Eustace Mullins

    h. " How to Lie With Statistics," by Darrell Huff

    To the Top


    VACCINATION LINKS

    MoonDragon's Vaccination Information

    MoonDragon's Vaccination Information: Vitamin K Shots - Are They Necessary?

    General Interest E-mail & WWW Links: Vaccination

    Shots in the Dark

    Vaccination Myths

    The Virus and the Vaccine - 00.02

    Citizens for Healthcare Freedom Home Page

    Thinktwice Global Vaccine Institute: Avoid Vaccine Reactions

    National Vaccine Information Center

    Australian Vaccine Network, Inc.: Vaccinations - Information, Latest News, Online Shop

    MCCFHC Home Page

    Vaccination Awareness Network

    French National League for Liberty in Vaccination

    Vaccination Safety

    Dispelling Vaccination Myths

    Question Vaccinations

    National Vaccine Info Center

    Global Vaccine Awareness League

    Immunization Awareness Society


    MoonDragon's Health Index Page

    MoonDragon's ObGyn Information & Discussion Index by Subject Order

    MoonDragon's ObGyn Information & Discussion Index by Alphabetical Order

    MoonDragon's Main Indexlisting

    MoonDragon's Homepage