 |
 |
|
|
|
|
BASIC INFORMATION
"For Informational Use Only"
For more detailed information contact your health care provider
about options that may be available for your specific situation.
DESCRIPTION
Sunlight can help our mental outlook and help us feel healthier. For people with arthritis, the sun's warmth can help relieve some of their physical pain. Many people also think that a suntan makes a person look young and healthy. However, sunlight can be harmful to the skin, causing immediate problems as well as problems that may develop years later.
The skin is the body's largest organ, and one of its most complex. Among other things, it helps to regulate temperature and it serves as the first line of defense against infection. The skin serves as a barrier that prevents foreign substances, such as bacteria, from entering the body. It also prevents the loss of body fluids. When the skin is damaged, such as by a burn, it can no longer perform these essential functions.
Sunburn results from excessive exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays or from sun-equivalent exposure, such as a tanning bed or tanning lamp. Almost everyone has been sunburned or will become sunburned at some time. Anyone who visits a beach, goes fishing, works in the yard, or simply is out in the sun can get sunburn. Improper tanning bed use is also a source of sunburn. Although seldom fatal (sun poisoning), sunburn can be disabling and cause quite a bit of discomfort.
The amount of exposure required to cause a burn depends on the individual, the geographical location, the time, and the atmospheric conditions. There are three types of ultraviolet rays, designated ultraviolet-A (UVA), ultraviolet-B (UVB), and ultraviolet-C (UVC). UVA rays attack the underlying layers and penetrate all the way to the inner layer of skin, or dermis, and can cause a sun allergy and premature aging of the skin. UVB rays attack the skins outer layers and UVB radiation tans the skin but also causes irreparable damage and increases the risk of skin cancer. UVC rays are the most dangerous, as they are the most closely linked with skin cancer.
Today, the effects of sun exposure are becoming an increasing concern because of the decline of the earth's ozone layer. The ozone layer screens out the most harmful ultraviolet rays, but it is becoming steadily thinner all over the world, and holes that fluctuate in size have developed in various places. The incidence of skin cancer is growing at an alarming rate. Having two or more bad episodes of sunburn as a child makes you much more likely to develop skin cancer as an adult.
SKIN CANCER
Skin cancer affects more people in the United States than any other form of cancer. It is estimated that 1 million Americans are diagnosed with skin cancer every year. This is more than twice the number diagnosed 20 years ago. Because of the dramatic increases over the past two decades, mostly because of over-exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, the National Cancer Institute has warned that 40 to 50 percent of all Americans who live to the age of 65 will eventually develop at least one skin cancer.
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Skin Cancer
SUNBURN CAUSES
It is now recognized that sunburn and sun exposure should not be treated as insignificant. Deaths have resulted from acute sun exposure, and significant temporary disability is experienced by millions of sunburned people each year.
Sunburn is literally a burn on your skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Sunburn results when the amount of exposure to the sun or other ultraviolet light source exceeds the ability of the body's protective pigment, melanin, to protect the skin. The consequence of this burn is inflammation of the skin. Injury can start within 30 minutes of exposure in the average person. Certain light-skinned and fair-haired people are at greater risk of sunburn injury. Sunburn in a very light-skinned person may occur in less than 15 minutes of midday sun exposure, while a dark skinned person may tolerate the same exposure for hours.
UVA, UVB, and UVC refer to different wavelengths in the light spectrum. UVB is more damaging to the skin especially for skin cancer. Both UVA and UVB are responsible for photoaging (premature aging of the skin and wrinkles) and sunburn. Tanning beds produce both UVA and UVB rays.
Travel to the southern United States, regions close to the equator, and places at high altitudes all offer the unwary visitor an opportunity to be injured by sunburn.
Prior recent sun exposure and prior skin injury are risks for sunburn, even in limited exposure to the sun. However, normal limited exposure to UV radiation produces beneficial vitamin D in the skin.
SUNBURN, UV EXPOSURE & SKIN CANCER
There remains a definite correlation between sun exposure, sunburn, and the occurrence of skin cancer, including squamous and basal cell carcinomas and melanoma. Over exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays is the major factor in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and the most common cause of malignant melanoma. These rays disrupt the genetic material in the skin cells, causing tissue damage. They also harm the skin's normal repair mechanism. Normally, after UV exposure, this mechanism causes damaged cells to immediately cease reproducing, die, and be sloughed off to be replaced by new, healthy skin cells - this is why the skin peels after a sunburn. If this repair system is impaired, damaged cells may continue to reproduce, and the skin becomes increasingly vulnerable to injury from subsequent exposure to UV rays.
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
Ultraviolet (UV) light, also known as ultraviolet radiation, is produced by the sun and is invisible to the human eye. Compared to visible light, UV light has a shorter wavelength, which equates to higher frequency and higher energy. It is named "ultraviolet" because it is just beyond violet light on the electromagnetic spectrum. If we could see UV light, we would no doubt subcategorize it by its "colors". As it is invisible, however, we subcategorize it into three basic groups: A, B, and C.
UV BENEFICIAL EFFECTS
Vitamin D: The Earth's atmosphere blocks UV radiation from penetrating through the atmosphere by 98.7 percent. A positive effect of UVB exposure is that it induces the production of vitamin D in the skin. It has been estimated that tens of thousands of premature deaths occur in the United States annually from a range of cancers due to vitamin D deficiency. Another effect of vitamin D deficiency is bad absorption of calcium which can lead to bone diseases. Some studies show most people get adequate Vitamin D through food and incidental exposure. Many countries have fortified certain foods with Vitamin D to prevent deficiency. Eating fortified foods or taking a dietary supplement pill is usually preferred to UVB exposure, due to the increased risk of skin cancer from UV radiation.
Aesthetics: Too little UVB radiation leads to a lack of Vitamin D. Too much UVB radiation leads to direct DNA damages and sunburn. An appropriate amount of UVB (which varies according to skin color) leads to a limited amount of direct DNA damage. This is recognized and repaired by the body. Then the melanin production is increased which leads to a long lasting tan. This tan occurs with a 2 day lag phase after irradiation, but it is much less harmful and long lasting than the one obtained from UVA. However some tanning lotions and sprays available in the market do not require UV exposition.
Medical Applications: Ultraviolet radiation has other medical applications, in the treatment of skin conditions such as psoriasis and vitiligo. UVA radiation can be used in conjunction with psoralens (PUVA treatment). UVB radiation is rarely used in conjunction with psoralens. In cases of psoriasis and vitiligo, UV light with wavelength of 311 nm is most effective.
UV HARMFUL EFFECTS
There are 2 types of UV radiation, designated ultraviolet-A (UVA) and ultraviolet-B (UVB) that is of concern regarding skin cancer. UVA is ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 320 to 400 nanometers. It passes right through the Earth's ozone layer. UVB is ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 280 to 320 nanometers. The ozone layer absorbs most of this radiation, but a small amount gets through to the earth's surface, where it poses the same risks as UVA radiation. UV exposure is not only the major cause wrinkles, it is responsible for 90 percent of most forms of skin cancer.
NAME ABBREVIATION WAVELENGTH RANGE
(In Nanometers)ENERGY
(Per Photon)Ultraviolet A, long wave, or black light UVA 400 nm - 315 nm 3.10 - 3.94 eV Near NUV 400 nm - 300 nm 3.10 - 4.13 eV Ultraviolet B or medium wave UVB 315 nm - 280 nm 3.94 - 4.43 eV Middle MUV 300 nm - 200 nm 4.13 - 6.20 eV Ultraviolet C, short wave, or germicidal UVC 280 nm - 100 nm 4.43 - 12.4 eV Far FUV 200 nm - 122 nm 6.20 - 10.2 eV Vacuum VUV 200 nm - 10 nm 6.20 - 124 eV Extreme EUV 121 nm - 10 nm 10.2 - 124 eV
In photolithography and laser technology, the term deep ultraviolet or DUV refers to wavelengths below 300 nm. "Vacuum UV" is so named because it is absorbed strongly by air and is therefore used in a vacuum. In the long-wave limit of this region, roughly 150-200 nm, the principal absorber is the oxygen in air. Work in this region can be performed in an oxygen free atmosphere, pure nitrogen being commonly used, which avoids the need for a vacuum chamber.
UVA and UVB cause skin damage. Of the two, UVB has higher energy. UVB is the cause of sunburn, while UVA damages the skin without any detectable sunburn. Due to its high energy, UV light damages the skin. Excessive exposure to UV light causes, among other forms of damage, DNA mutations to skin cells which lead to skin cancer.
UVC does not reach the Earth's surface: it is blocked out by the Earth's atmosphere. As such, it does not reach the skin to cause problems.
For more information about UV light, see:
PEOPLE AT RISK FOR SUNBURN & SKIN CANCER
People who have had blistering sunburns in childhood, are twice as likely to develop skin cancer later in life.
People with blonde or red hair, blue eyes and light (fair) skin are more prone to sunburn and at the greatest risk for skin cancer because they have less protective pigment in their skin than people with darker skin. They are more sensitive to the UV rays radiating from the sun. But, no matter what your skin color, you will burn if you get enough exposure. Symptoms of sunburn do not necessarily appear while you are in the sun; they may begin from 1 hour to 24 hours after sun exposure, and usually reach their peak in 2 to 3 days.
YOUR SKIN PHOTOTYPE
Your risk of developing skin cancer among other factors highly depends on your skin type. In 1975, Fitzpatrick, a respected dermatologist created a standard for classifying individuals according to their skin color and burning and tanning responses to sun light exposure. Basically a low number means a higher risk. However, there are people with skin type 3 who develop skin cancer and even people with naturally dark skin can also develop skin cancer.
SKIN TYPE SUNBURN TENDENCY TAN TENDENCY SKIN, HAIR, & EYE COLOR I I always get a sunburn. I never get a tan. White skin, freckles, blonde or red hair, blue or green eyes. II I usually get a sunburn. I sometimes get a tan. White skin, blonde hair, blue or green eyes. III I seldom get a sunburn. I usually get a tan. White skin, usually dark hair, and brown eyes. IV - V I never get a sunburn. I always get a dark tan. Brown to Dark skin, brown or black hair, brown eyes.
People with other sensitivities to the sun. Some medications can make the skin extra-sensitive to sunshine.
Whether you are near reflective surfaces, such as water, white sand, concrete, snow, and ice may get you a more severe sunburn.
The season of the year. The position of the sun on summer days can cause a more severe sunburn.
Geographic location. In sunny climate regions where the sun rays are stronger, risk for sun cancer increases. The closer you are to the equator, the more direct sunlight passes through the atmosphere. For example, the southern United States gets 1.5 times more sunlight than the northern United States.
Altitude. It is easy to get sunburned at higher altitudes because there is less of the earth's protective atmosphere to block the sunlight. UV exposure increases about 4 percent for every gain in elevation.
Be aware of the UV index of the day, which indicates the risk of getting a sunburn that day. Preventive measures and home treatment are usually all that is needed to prevent or treat a sunburn. If you have any heath risks that may increase the seriousness of sun exposure, you should avoid being in the sun from 10 in the morning to 4 in the afternoon.
MELANIN PIGMENT
One of the ways human skin protects itself from UV light is by producing melanin pigment. Melanin is a chemical that absorbs UV light. Melanin is stored in the outer layers of skin, decreasing UV penetration into the skin. Melanin also absorbs and reflects visible light, giving the skin its color. Genetics determines the amount of melanin the skin produces. Individuals whose ancestors come from sunny environments tend to produce the most melanin pigment, which is manifested by dark skin color.
Light-colored skin produces little melanin pigment. As such, people with light skin are at higher risk for skin cancer.
Pigment production can also be induced by UV damage. This is known as tanning and freckling. The damage required to produce tanning and freckling increases the risk of skin cancer.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF SUNBURN
Mild and uncomplicated cases of sunburn usually result in minor skin redness and irritation. Untreated and with enough exposure, you can experience shock (poor circulation to vital organs) and even death (sun poisoning). Sufficient exposure can become remarkably painful. Initially, your skin turns red about 2-6 hours after exposure and feels irritated. The peak effects are noted at 12-24 hours. The pain is worst between 6 and 48 hours after sun exposure.
Most sunburns are first-degree burns that cause the skin to become red, warm, and tender to the touch. Depending on the severity of the burn and the individual's skin type, the burn may subsequently "cool" into a suntan or thin layers of skin may peel off. Skin loss occurs about 4-7 days after exposure.
A more serious sunburn can be a second-degree burn, causing extreme reddening, swelling, pain, and even blisters. Blistering may range from a very fine blister that is only found when you begin to "peel" to very large water-filled blisters with red, tender, raw skin underneath. This is a sign that the burn has gone deeper than just the surface layer of the skin and has caused damage and the release of fluids from cells in the lower layers of the skin. This results in eruptions and breaks in the skin where bacteria and other infectious organisms can enter. Swelling (edema) of the skin, especially the legs is common. Toxins are released with sunburn, and fever is not uncommon.
Third degree sunburn causes skin damage so severe that blister scars will remain even after the burn is healed. Third degree burns go into underlying tissues beneath the skin. In addition to the burn itself, nausea and circulatory problems may also occur, particularly when the head and neck have been exposed to strong radiation. This is a condition known as sunstroke.
In the most severe cases (sun poisoning), the burn may be accompanied by:
- Severe skin burning and blistering.
- Massive fluid loss (dehydration).
- Electrolyte imbalance.
- Chills.
- Fever.
- Nausea or vomiting or both.
- Infection.
- Flu-like symptoms.
- And/or delirium.
Sunburn such as this is extremely painful and, for children, extremely dangerous. Dehydration often accompanies sunburn.
Regular, prolonged sunbathing will hasten the premature aging of the skin and increase the risk of skin cancer. Even visits to tanning booths or beds, which use a type of ultraviolet radiation, are suspect. If you do spend time in the sun, you can avoid sunburn and skin damage by wearing sunscreen, a hat, and protective sunglasses.
PREVENTION
SUN-PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOR
The best prevention is to avoid the sun. This is often not practical or desired many times. Other, more practical strategies include:
wearing wide-brimmed hats, long-sleeved shirts, and long pants. The best type of clothing is made of light-colored, lightweight, tightly woven material.
If this is not possible, a variety of sun-blocking agents are available for use. Some are just for the lips and face. Others are for more general-purpose use. Pay attention to the sun protection factor (SPF) and whether or not PABA is in the product. PABA should be avoided in children younger than 6 months because it can cause skin irritation. See "Making Sense of Sunscreens" below for more information.
The higher the SPF number, the more protection the sun-blocking agent may have. SPF is actually a ratio of the time it takes to produce a skin reaction on protected and unprotected skin. Thus, a 30 SPF sunscreen would in theory allow you to be exposed 30 times longer than with no sunscreen. However, this is usually not true in practice. Keep in mind that the SPF number refers only to the level of protection against UVB rays. Avobenezone appears to provide the best protections against UVA damage.
Add to your sunscreen the contents of 1 capsule each of Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E, and Selenium to help prevent free radical damage to the skin. After sunning, add these antioxidants to whatever skin cream you use for added protection and to aid in preventing wrinkles.
People seldom apply enough sunscreen or rarely reapply it. Sunscreen should be applied in generous amounts in layers and re-applied frequently, at least every 3 to 4 hours after being exposed, more often if you are swimming or perspiring. Activities such as sweating and swimming degrade its effectiveness. Sunscreens are not waterproof. The US Food and Drug Administration is banning what it calls misleading labeling on sunscreens. The use of the words sunblock, waterproof, and all day protection will no longer be used.
Do not neglect your lips. The lips also are susceptible to sunburn. Use a sun protection product designed for the lips as well as a sunscreen for your face and body. Choose a formula containing natural ingredients such as Aloe Vera and Vitamin E. Your health food store should carry such products in handy stick form. See product links further down on this page for online resources.
Do not rely on the weather to judge how strong the sun is. Cloudy or hazy days do not afford protection against sunburn; approximately 80 percent of the sun's ultraviolet rays pass through clouds. Reflections from water, metal, sand or snow may increase - even double - the amount of ultraviolet rays you absorb. Take the same precautions on cloudy or hazy days that you do on bright sunny days. Almost 90 percent of sunburn is caused by incidental sun exposure, not sunbathing. If you work outdoors, always wear a sunscreen and protect yourself by wearing a hat.
To protect yourself from dehydration, drink plenty of water while spending time in the sun. Limit your alcohol intake or avoid alcoholic beverages altogether while exposed to the sun for extended periods of time. Alcohol is dehydrating on the body.
Certain drugs can sensitize the skin to radiation injury. If you take them, avoid the sun. Your health care provider or pharmacist can further advise you about your medications and sun sensitivity.
Most likely to cause sun sensitivity are antibiotics, anti-psoriatics (prescribed for skin conditions), and acne medicines.
The herbal drug, St. John's wort, is also thought to make you more vulnerable to sunburn.
Mind-altering drugs (including alcohol) can diminish your awareness of getting sunburned and should be avoided. Short and sequential exposure times can lead to skin pigment changes, which most of us call tanning. This can lead to increased sun tolerance but can also lead to long-term problems such as skin cancer. Getting a tan is often a primary reason people go out in the sun with maximum skin exposed in the first place. Sunburn is most common in children and younger adults.
Avoid tanning beds entirely. Most tanning parlors make safety claims that the US Food and Drug Administration considers false.
SUMMER SURVIVAL RECOMMENDATIONS
If your summer includes relaxing on the beach, lake, or river, putting together a well-planned summer survival kit can ensure that you have a fun and healthy experience. Do not forget the following items when packing your weekend bag:
- Sunscreen with adequate protection against both UVA and UVB rays. While sunscreen should be applied liberally at home about a 30 minutes before sun exposure, you will need to re-apply more when you arrive. Studies show that most people apply far too little sunscreen, and the SPF of any product is reduced when it is applied too thinly. You will need to reapply sunscreen after swimming or if you perspire a great deal. Apply sunscreen on cloudy days too. The UV rays also penetrate cloudy skies. Radiation from the sun is more intense in the mountains and the closer you are to the equator. In addition, snow and water also amplify UV radiation effects. Therefore, choose a sunscreen with higher sun protection factor (SPF) in these locations or conditions. People at risk for skin allergies should use sunscreens without additives, such as emulsifiers or preservatives.
The SPF of sunscreens indicates the time factor by which safe sunbathing is increased. For example, people with pale skin should sunbathe for more than 10 minutes. With a SPF of 6, they can prolong sunbathing to 6 times 10 minutes. Even with an SPF sunscreen, if you insist on working on a tan, do so gradually by increasing exposure slowly.
- A watch of some type to recognize how long you have been in the sun. You also need to know when it is time to avoid sun exposure - from 11 am to 2 pm, when the sun's rays are most intense. You are more likely to get a sunburn between 10 am to 4 pm. Do not spend too much time lying in the sun; take a walk instead.
- A hat with a wide brim. Keep your head covered while sunbathing. This is even more effective than sunscreen in shielding the sensitive skin on the face and scalp from damaging UV radiation.
- Sunglasses to protect your eyes. Always wear sunglasses when outdoors. Be sure that your sunglasses offer protection from at least 90 percent of UV radiation, preferably 99 to 100 percent. This information should be contained on the label when the sunglasses are purchased.
- Plenty of water to fight off dehydration. If it is terribly hot, you will also run the risk of heat exhaustion. Drink plenty of fluids to stay cool and well-hydrated. Water or sports drinks are best; caffeinated or alcoholic beverages can actually worsen the effects of the heat.
- Snacks. If you have got perishable items, do not forget a cooler with plenty of ice to prevent food poisoning.
- Some kind of physical shelter from the sun. Bring an umbrella, blanket, or protective clothing in case you decide you have been in the sun too long or if you want to spend part of the day in the shade.
- Moisture lotion. With adequate sun protection and hydration, your skin should not parch. But in case you do develop sunburn, a moisturizing lotion can provide some relief. Aloe vera lotion is recommended. Aloe vera is well known for its soothing and healing properties in treating burns and skin problems.
- Sandals or water shoes. Many coastal areas have rocky shores that may result in cuts to unprotected feet. Likewise, walking on hot sand can burn the sensitive skin on the soles of the foot.
- If you like to enjoy a swim in the ocean, think safety first. The American Red Cross recommends swimming only in designated swimming areas, ideally with supervision by a lifeguard. Check the surf conditions before entering the water and look out for any warning signs or flags indicating hazardous conditions. You should always swim with someone else, and do not exhaust yourself - remember that you will need energy to swim back to shore. Keep away from piers, docks, and pilings.
- Warning about rip currents. If you are going to the beach, be aware of rip currents; they are the leading surf hazard for all beach-goers. Over 100 drownings due to rip currents occur every year in the United States. More than 80 percent of water rescues on surf beaches are due to rip currents. Rip currents can be particularly dangerous if you do not know how to swim or are a weak swimmer. Rip currents can be very fast, so can sweep even the strongest swimmer out to sea.
TANNING, SUNBURN & RADIATION
While it is quite true that tanned skin is a better protection against sunburn than untanned or pale skin, a tan - the body's attempt at defending itself - will not protect you against ultraviolet radiation, which is cumulative. A tanned, unburned skin is no guarantee that damage has not already occurred. Even with a tan, you should continue to use sunscreen.
SUN-PROTECTIVE BEHAVIOR FOR SKIN CANCER PREVENTION
Sun-protective behavior is especially important for individuals at high risk for skin cancer. Sun-protective behavior employs shade, hats, clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Shade prevents direct sunlight from striking the skin. Some shade materials are impermeable to UV light, while others are semi-permeable. Shaded skin is still susceptible to reflected UV light. An example of this is an umbrella at the beach: the shaded area under the umbrella is still exposed to sunlight reflected off nearby sand. Hats are shade structures fitted for the human head. In addition to protecting the scalp, a wide-brimmed hat shades the face, ears, and neck: the areas that produce the most skin cancer. Baseball caps are a poor substitute for a brimmed hat, but they are better than no hat. Clothing is a shade structure fitted for the body. Sunglasses help screen out UV light from damaging the eyes and eyelids. Sunscreen, available in lotion and in other vehicles applied to the skin, helps decrease UV light penetration. Sunscreens contain ingredients that absorb and/or reflect ultraviolet light.
MAKING SENSE OF SUNSCREEN
Sunburn is better prevented than treated. Shade, hats, clothing, and sunglasses are easily understood as sun protection modalities because they screen out visible light in addition to UV light. The screening of visible light allows us to see the pattern of shade produced. Sunscreen, on the other hand, screens out only UV light, which is invisible. As such, the sunscreen process cannot be seen by the human eye.
The great challenge to the skincare industry is to design a product that screens out all UV light without reflecting any visible light. After all, visible light is visible. A thick application of white zinc oxide paste on the nose of a lifeguard effectively screens out UV light, but it also reflects visible light, giving a look that has limited appeal to the public for daily use. As such, with the limitation of requiring a product to "disappear" when rubbed into the skin, the skincare industry has not yet been able to invent a sunscreen that blocks out all UV light; even the best sunscreens only screen out a portion of UV light.
As it is farther away from visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum, UVB is relatively easy to screen out with a "disappearing" product. As such, most sunscreens are reasonably effective at screening out UVB light. As UVB exposure is the cause of sunburn, most sunscreens are fairly successful at diminishing sunburn.
Screening out UVA light with a "disappearing" product is a more difficult task, because UVA is adjacent to visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, many sunscreens screen out minimal UVA light.
"Broad-spectrum" is a phrase manufacturers use to promote sunscreens with what they deem acceptable UVA coverage. "Blocks UVA and UVB" is another phrase commonly seen on sunscreen labels. Neither phrase informs the consumer of the amount of UVA coverage offered.
Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a sunscreen rating system based on the length of time an applied sunscreen has been proven to protect the skin from sunburn. This system was designed at a time when sunburn was believed to be an accurate indicator of overall sun damage. Effective sunscreens are available in a wide variety of strengths. Most health care providers recommend a sunscreen SPF level of 30 or greater. Subsequent research shows, however, that most sun damage occurs without a burn. The SPF system, therefore, is unable to accurately rate the effectiveness of a sunscreen.
Sunscreen should be generously applied and frequently re-applied throughout the time spent in the sun. If out in the sun for a prolonged period of time during the day, wearing a hat and other protective clothing is recommended in addition to wearing a sunscreen. Light clothing reflects the sun most effectively.
Dermatologists currently recommend that consumers select sunscreens based on their ingredients. Of the active ingredients found in today's sunscreens, those that best screen out UVA are:
- Titanium dioxide.
- Zinc oxide.
- Avobenzone.
- Ecamsule.
It is recommended that sunscreens contain one or more of these ingredients. Of interest, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are referred to as physical sunscreens, meaning they reflect UV light. Avobenzone, (marketed as Parsol 1789) and ecamsule (marketed as mexoryl) are chemical sunscreens, meaning they absorb UV light.
There is little data available in regard to the stability of sunscreen ingredients over time and with exposure to heat, sunlight, water, and skin surface chemistry. Reapplication of sunscreen during prolonged periods of sun and water exposure is recommended by product manufacturers.
"Sunblock" is an outdated term. "Sunscreen," suggesting permeability, is the currently-preferred term. Likewise, the term "waterproof" has been, for the most part, replaced with the less-grandiose term "water-resistant."
"PABA-free" indicates that a product does not contain para-aminobenzoic acid, a sunscreen ingredient with a propensity for causing skin allergy.
Any topically-applied product, sunscreens included, can promote acne on acne-prone skin surfaces. In order to reduce acne problems, sunscreens designed for the face tend to be less oily, less water-resistant, and less UV-protective than sunscreens designed for general use.
Sunscreen is an important part of a thorough skin-protection regimen that includes shade, hats, clothing, and sunglasses. Sunscreen alone, however, due to its above-mentioned limitations, is only mildly effective at preventing sun damage. Unfortunately, there is no way to get a "safe tan" from the sun.
TREATMENT
EXAMS & TESTS
You should contact your health care provider if you have a fever with the sunburn or if fluid-filled blisters, dizziness, or vision problems occur with it.
The health care provider will obtain a medical history and current symptoms. He or she will perform a physical examination and look at your skin to determine if indeed you do have sunburn and to what degree. In more severe cases, or for people with pre-existing medical problems, the practitioner may order certain laboratory tests to aid in determining the severity of your injury.
Some questions your health care provider may ask include:
- When did the sunburn occur?
- How often do you get sunburn?
- Do you have blisters?
- How much of the body was sunburned?
- What medicines and supplements (including herbal supplements) do you take?
- Do you use a sunblock or sunscreen? What type? How strong?
- What other symptoms do you have?
CONVENTIONAL MEDICAL TREATMENT
Silver sulfadiazine (1 percent cream, Thermazene) can be used for treatment of sunburn with appropriate cautions about use on the face.
If your case is mild and not life threatening, the health care provider may simply suggest plenty of fluids, aspirin, or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs).
Additional topical measures such as cool compresses, Burow solution soaks, or high-quality moisturizing creams and lotions may be prescribed.
If your case is severe enough, oral steroid therapy (cortisone-like medications) may be prescribed for several days. Steroid creams placed on the skin show minimal to no benefit.
Stronger pain-relieving medication may be prescribed in certain cases.
If you have blistering, steroids may be withheld to avoid an increased risk of infection. If you are dehydrated or suffering from heat stress, IV fluids will be given, and you may be admitted to the hospital. People with very severe cases may be transferred to the hospital's burn unit.
MEDICAL FOLLOW-UP
Your health care provider either will schedule a follow-up visit at the time of your initial evaluation and treatment or will give you instructions to return if certain problems occur. Sunburn can cause lost workdays, which in certain jobs (especially the military) can lead to disciplinary action. Furthermore, sunburn can cause premature aging and skin cancers.
PROGNOSIS (OUTLOOK)
Minor and uncomplicated cases of sunburn cause discomfort and no long-lasting effects. You can expect to feel better in 4-7 days. You may see skin loss or peeling. This is often associated with severe itching, especially at night, after sweating, or after showering.
Other skin problems, such as herpes simplex, lupus, and porphyria (an inherited disorder of sensitivity to sunlight) may worsen.
Chronic sun exposure may lead to premature aging, severe wrinkling, pigmented skin lesion development (moles), and various malignant (cancerous) skin tumors. Premature cataract formation in the eye can also result.
OTHER PROBLEMS THAT CAN BE PRESENT ALONG WITH SUNBURN
Heatstroke or other heat-related illnesses from too much sun exposure.
Allergic reactions to sun exposure or to sunscreen products.
Vision problems, such as burning pain, decreased vision, or partial or complete vision loss.
LONG-TERM PROBLEMS
An increased chance of having skin cancer. One blistering sunburn doubles the likelihood of developing malignant melanoma. Skin cancer (basal cell and squamous cell cancer is directly related to the amount of sun exposure (determined by skin pigmentation and hours in the sun).
An increase in other health problems, such as lupus or cold sores.
Cataracts, from direct, intense sun exposure over many years due to ultraviolet damage. Cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness.
Skin changes, such as premature wrinkling or brown spots. Age spots (lentigo) are a result of sun exposure.
Your skin type affects how easily you become sunburned. People with fair or freckled skin, blond or red hair, and blue eyes usually sunburn easily. Your age also affects how your skin reacts to the sun. The skin of children younger than 6 and adults older than 60 is more sensitive to sunlight.
HOLISTIC HERBAL, DIETARY & LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS
SUNBURN TREATMENT - SELF-CARE AT HOME
Home care starts before a sunburn. If you are prepared before going out in the sun, you probably will not need these tips and techniques recommended by conventional health care providers. You should always accustom yourself to the sun's rays gradually. If you must be in the sun, limit your initial exposure time to about 10 minutes. You can add 5 minutes each subsequent day. Watch for any beginning signs of sunburn. This will let you know you have reached your exposure limit.
Immediate self-care is aimed at stopping the UV radiation.
- Get out of the sun.
- Cover exposed skin.
- Get out of the tanning bed.
Cool a first-degree superficial burn or a second-degree at once to reduce pain and swelling. Immerse the area in cool running water, or use cool compresses for a minimum of 10 minutes. Do not use ice water or ice cubes, and do not stop prematurely. While cooling the burn, remove rings, wristwatches, belts, or anything else that could constrict the injured area once it begins to swell. Also take away any loose clothing that has not adhered to the burned area.
Relief of the discomfort becomes important. Medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen are useful, especially when started early, to help relieve pain from sunburn. (Aspirin should be avoided in children who are running a fever.)
For relieving mild sunburn, try taking a cool (not ice cold) shower or bath to relieve discomfort. Avoid bath salts, oils, and perfumes because these may produce sensitivity reactions. Avoid scrubbing the skin or shaving the skin. Use soft towels to gently dry yourself. Applying cooling compresses on the burn may help.
Eat high-protein foods for tissue repair, and raw fruits and vegetables to supply needed vitamins and minerals.
Drink plenty of fluids. Sunburn dehydrates the body.
For immediate relief of sunburn pain, use cool-water compresses or cold clay poultices.
Dissolve 1 pound of baking soda in a tubful of cool water, and soak in the bath for about 30 minutes. The See the herbal treatments described under "Herbs" for excellent remedies to relieve pain and stinging.
A compress of equal parts of milk and water may help cool skin.
APPLE CIDER VINEGAR COMPRESS
Apple Cider Vinegar soothes the skin. You can use cider-vinegar compresses as a treatment for first- and second-degree burns. Cider Vinegar prevents infection, soothes pain and kills germs. Moisten a clean cloth with cider vinegar that is undiluted and place it on the injured area. Repeat often. Do not apply this treatment to open wounds.
Applying cooling compresses that contain vinegar, aloe vera, or witch hazel for sunburn relief.
A cooling vinegar compress will help relieve typical symptoms of sunburn, such as itching, reddening and pain. Relief is achieved with a compress of distilled vinegar is made by saturating a cloth in undiluted, distilled vinegar (white vinegar) and applying it to the reddened part of the skin. Apple Cider Vinegar can also be used for a cooling compress. It disinfects and soothes the skin, reduces pain and promotes the natural healing process. Cider vinegar also helps prevent swelling of the burned area and the formation of blisters.
After a minor burn has been cooled, apply aloe vera gel (fresh if possible, directly from the plant) or a product such as Burn Gel from Aerobic Life Industries, which contains aloe vera, to ease pain and promote healing. Caution: Do not put oils, greasy ointments, or butter on burns. Do not break blisters.
Anyone raised in a beach community knows the secret of aloe-based lotions. There are many commercially available types. Tearing apart your aloe plant in the yard and applying the cool jelly-like substance inside the leaves is no longer necessary. See herbs below for more information about Aloe Vera.
EXTRA TIP - THE CUCUMBER
Apply cucumber slices to sunburned skin. Their cooling properties will relieve inflammation, and the pain will abate.
Cucumber can be put into a food processor or blender and made into a cucumber mash or paste and applied over the burn (applied like a poultice). It can be lightly covered with a bandage to keep the cucumber in place. Remove and reapply fresh cucumber as needed.
For extra cooling properties, chilling the cucumber mash in the refrigerator between applications may help.
Adding Aloe vera gel in with cucumber is also a suggestion for extra healing properties.
You may also use cold compresses with Burow solution. Dissolve 1 packet in 1 pint of water. Soak gauze or a soft clean cloth in it. Gently wring out the cloth and apply to the sunburned area for 15-20 minutes. Change or refresh the cloth and solution every 2-3 hours.
Avoid products that contain benzocaine, lidocaine, or petroleum (like Vaseline). Avoiding lotions that contain topical anesthetic medications is important because you can become sensitized and then allergic to that medicine.
If blisters are present, dry bandages may help prevent infection. You should see your health care provider if the burn is severe with large blisters.
If your skin is not blistering, a light, fragrance-free skin moisturizing cream may be applied to relieve discomfort.
POTATO COMPRESS
Potato compresses are a traditional remedy for mild burns. Grate a raw potato and spread it on a damp linen cloth; place this on the wound. Be sure to change the compress when the pain starts to worsen. The potato cools the burn and helps relieve inflammation.
While your body is recovering from a burn, especially a partial-thickness second-degree or full-thickness third degree burn - change your diet to provide a high protein intake and high mineral-rich foods and up to 5,000 or 6,000 calories per day. These are needed for tissue repair and healing.
Watch for signs of infection, odor, pus, or extreme redness in the area of the burn. Protect the injury from exposure to sun.
Drink plenty of fluids throughout the healing phase. Potassium rich juice and green drinks are recommended for fast tissue repair.
Keep burn injuries elevated to minimize swelling and promote healing. This is especially important for burns on the hands, legs, or feet.
Keep the burn lightly covered to minimize the chance of bacterial infection.
Try adding 1 tablespoon of powdered vitamin C to 1 quart of cold water and spraying it on the burn site. This has been found to enhance healing. Or try using cold clay poultices.
If infection starts to set in, apply honey 3 times a day after gently washing the area with hydrogen peroxide.
Hygiene is very important when dealing with any type of burn. Keep the area clean.
A study in the effects of high-dose vitamin C therapy for third-degree full thickness burns that was reported in the Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation concluded that persons with serious burns should immediately begin taking vitamin C.
Applied topically to burned skin, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), a byproduct of wood processing, has been reported to have a remarkable ability to relieve pain and promote healing. Note: Only DMSO from a health food store should be used for healing purposes. Commercial-grade DMSO found in hardware stores is not suitable. The use of DMSO may result in a garlicky body odor. This is temporary, and is not a cause for concern.
Obviously, stay out of the sun while you are sunburned and avoid any other sun exposure until the burn is completely healed.
ACTIVITY
Restrictions depend on the severity of the burn. Plenty of rest is needed for proper healing.
Drink plenty of fluids. When the skin is burned, it loses its protective function, and tissue fluid, called lymph, escapes. To compensate for this loss of fluid, make sure you drink a great deal of liquid, preferably mineral water or herbal teas to replace the lost electrolytes (minerals).
ALOE VERA HELPS BURNS HEAL
The gel-like juice of the aloe vera leaves has a cooling effect on fresh burns. It also aids in healing and promotes the regeneration of the skin. Aloe also reduces inflammation and moisturizes the skin. While aloe vera gel may be purchased commercially, you get the best results from using the fresh leaves. Cut open the thick, fleshy leaves and place them directly on the injured area. You can also scoop the pith out of the leaves and spread it on the wound. Aloe plants are desert-warm weather plants that available from most greenhouses or nurseries and are easy to grow indoors in cold regions by putting them in a sunny window and ignoring them (too much watering kills them). They grow outdoors in the southern states where temperatures stay above freezing.
HERBS
The healing power of Aloe Vera pulp, gel, or juice is well known for treating burns. It has been nicknamed "the burn plant" and is used to relieve pain and discomfort, speeds healing, and also helps to moisturize the skin and relieve dryness. It is remarkably effective for any kind of burn and is even used in burn units of some hospitals. The fleshy leaves of the Aloe Vera plant contain a healing, cooling pulp that also helps keep the skin moisturized. The juice is most effective when it absolutely fresh, taken directly from the plant. Cut of a leaf from the plant and gently apply its milky substance in a thin layer to the sunburned area. Re-apply it every hour until the pain is gone. If you use a commercial product, make sure to use one that contains no mineral oil, paraffin waxes, alcohol, or coloring.
Herbal Remedies: Aloe Vera Skin Gel, Herbal Aloe Force, Organically Grown Unprocessed Whole Raw Aloe Vera, 4 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Whole Leaf Aloe Vera Juice, 99.7% Pure, Certified Organic, Nature's Way, 1 Liter
Herbal Remedies: Aloe Vera Juice, Herbal Aloe Force, Organically Grown, Unprocessed Whole Raw Aloe Vera, 33.8 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Aloe Vera Juice, Certified Organic, NOW Foods, 32 oz.
Herbal Remedies: Aloe Vera Juice, Pure Aloe Force, Organically Grown, Unprocessed Whole Raw Aloe Vera, 33.8 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Aloe Vanilla Mineral Sunscreen SPF 18, Alba Botanica, 4 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Aloe Vera Gel & Juice, 99.7% Pure, Certified Organic, Nature's Way, 1 Liter
Pain relief from Tea Tree Oil. Another effective remedy for sunburn is Tea Tree Oil. Apply the oil to the affected areas with a cotton ball, making sure to avoid your eyes. Also try compresses containing cold water to which Tea Tree Oil has been added. Tea Tree Oil in cream form, can be applied topically to the skin. It is a natural antiseptic and antifungal that enhances healing. Obtain commercial creams containing at least 5 percent tea tree oil to heal sunburns and other skin irritations.
Herbal Remedies: Tea Tree Essential Oil, 100% Pure, NOW Foods, 1 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Tea Tree Antiseptic Ointment, 2 oz.
Herbal Remedies: Tea Tree Antiseptic Cream, 4 oz.
Herbal Remedies: Tea Tree Oil Antiseptic Solution (15% Water Soluble), 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Tea Tree Supplements & Products
Goldenseal is a natural antibiotic that helps to prevent infection. It can be taken in pill or extract form, or used in a poultice and applied to the burned area. Caution: Do not take goldenseal internally on a daily basis for more than one week at a time, and do not use it during pregnancy. If you have a history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or glaucoma, use it only under a health care provider's supervision.
Bayberry, Black Tea, Green Tea, Blackberry Leaves, Sumac Leaves, Sweet Gum, and White Oak Bark contain tannic acid, which has been used in clinics for surface burns that have begun to heal. These herbs can be used as teas and as wet compresses.
Horsetail and Slippery Elm help skin tissues to heal.
Calendula, applied topically to the burned area as a gel or ointment, is effective as an anti-inflammatory agent and antiseptic.
Herbal Remedies: Calendula Cream (Marigold), Nature Works, 4 fl. oz.
Herbal Remedies: Calendula Cream, Nelson's Bach, Organic, 1 oz.
Herbal Remedies: Calendula Gel, Califlora, Relief For First Aid & Sunburn, Homeopathic, Boericke & Tafel, 2.75 oz.
Herbal Remedies: Honey & Calendula Moisturizer, Kiss My Face, 16 oz.
Apply a salve of Calendula and St. John's Wort to badly burned areas. These two herbs have antiseptic properties, act as a painkiller for burns, and promote healing of skin wounds. Use the Calendula Ointment Recipe above and add St. John's Wort in the recipe.
Comfrey herbal compress can be used by taking comfrey leaf and Wheat Germ Oil and applying it to the burned area. It is a natural antibiotic that helps to prevent infection. Caution: Comfrey is recommended for external use only.
Tea Tree Oil is effective for minor burns, primarily as an antiseptic and disinfectant. Tea Tree Oil helps to soothe the burned area and keep burns from becoming infected. It is safe for both children and adults. Apply the oil, topically, directly to the affected burned areas. It immediately eases pain and speeds up the healing process.
Make a tea infusion of by bringing 1 tablespoon each of St. John's Wort Leave and Flowers and Comfrey Root to a boil in 2 cups of water. Strain. Rinse the wound with the tea and place the compress on the wound.
An herbal bath can help minimize the stinging and pain of sunburn. Add 6 cups of Chamomile tea or 6 drops of Chamomile Essential Oil to a lukewarm tubful of water. Soak in the bath for 30 minutes or more. Lavender Essential Oil is also good and can be used in place of Chamomile oil if you wish.
Lavender Essential Oil is also effective for the treatment of burns. The oil may be used undiluted by rubbing several drops onto the skin or placing it on a gauze or a cotton ball and applying it to the burn.
Make a large pot of strong Comfrey or Gotu Kola tea and let it cool. Soak sterile cotton gauze in the tea to make a compress and apply it to the affected area. Leave the compress in place for up to 30 minutes. Note: Comfrey is recommended for external use only. Do not take it internally.
Horsetail is a good source of silica, which is beneficial for tissue repair.
Make a wash of Apple Cider Vinegar diluted with an equal amount of water. Wash the area with this mixture, then rub an herbal infusion made of St. John's Wort Herb or St. John's Wort Essential Oil onto the affected sunburned area.
Herbal Remedies: Apple Cider Vinegar, Mother, Organic, Dynamic Health, 16 fl. oz.
HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES
Cantharis in 6X, 6C, 30C or 200C doses. Cantharis is good for all types of burns, especially for those with blistering. Take a few pellets of a low dosage every 15 to 20 minutes or a higher dose every hour. Reduce if symptoms improve.
Causticum in 6X, 6C, 30C or 200C doses. Causticum helps chemical burns and skin that fails to heal following a burn.
Belladonna in 3X or 6X doses. Belladonna is helpful for red, hot, swollen skin. Take 5 granules every 2 hours.
Homeopathic Laboratories: Belladonna Homeopathics
NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS
The following nutrients are important for healing once appropriate local treatment has been administered. Unless otherwise specified, the following recommended doses are for those over the age of 18. For a child between 12 and 17 years old, reduce the dose to 3/4 the recommended amount. For a child between 6 and 12 years old, use 1/2 the recommended dose, and for a child under 6, use 1/4 the recommended amount.
SUNBURN SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS
Information and supplements to help healing caused by a sunburn injury, sunburn protection and protection against skin damage caused by overexposure to the ultraviolet radiation.
After Sun Aloe Soother, Kiss My Face, With Jewelweed & Yucca, Fragrance Free, 4 fl. oz.
With a 1000+ years of use in Native American remedies, Aloe Vera, Yucca-Glauca Root and Jewelweed are ingredients with extraordinary moisturization and anti-inflammatory properties.Alfalfa Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is Useful to generate energy and endurance; a tonic for the whole body, due to its highly nutritive value.Alfa Max, Alfalfa Extract, Nature's Way, 525 mg, 100 Caps
Nature's Way Alfa-Max Alfalfa Extract capsules is a 10x extract of fresh green Alfalfa leaves.Aloe Vera Juice, Pure Aloe Force, Organically Grown Unprocessed Whole Raw Aloe Vera, 33.8 fl. oz.
The magnificent Aloe plant, that is designed to be self-sufficient & thrive in the desert, feeds us in unique ways with its 250+ naturally occurring constituents including: enzymes, amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, glycoproteins, sterols, growth factors, & all sizes of uniquely complex Aloe polysaccharides and mannans.Aloe Vera Juice, Herbal Aloe Force, Organically Grown Unprocessed Whole Raw Aloe Vera, 33.8 fl. oz.
Herbal Aloe Force Re-Natures the cells, tissues, glands, organs and all systems of the body to function as originally designed.Aloe Vera Skin Gel, Herbal Aloe Force, Organically Grown, Unprocessed Whole Raw Aloe Vera, 4 fl. oz.
Can keep your skin looking clean, clear, smooth, toned, hydrated and glowing with health. Can also reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles and sun damage.Aloe Vera, Whole Leaf Juice, 99.7% Pure, Certified Organic, Nature's Way, 1 Liter
Nature's Way Whole Leaf Aloe Vera Juice offers you the rich benefits of the most potent part of the aloe plant. Whole Leaf Aloe Vera Juice contains an abundance of advantageous components not found in most aloe gel filler products.Aloe Vera, By Deanne Tenney (Paperback)
One of nature's supreme soothing agents, aloe vera has been used for hundreds of years from everything from sunburn to constipation.Aloe Vera Skin Gel, Herbal Aloe Force, Organically Grown Unprocessed Whole Raw Aloe Vera, 4 fl. oz.
Can keep your skin looking clean, clear, smooth, toned, hydrated and glowing with health. Can also reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles and sun damage.Antibiotic, Natural Support Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Use this natural antibiotic to support the immune system.Barlean's Flax Oil, 100% Highest Lignan Content, Organic, Pesticide & Herbicide Free, 16 fl. oz.
Barlean's Flax Oil contains 25% more lignan bearing flax particulate than competing brands. Barlean's Flax Oil is one of the Nation's Top-10 Best Selling Health Products.Barley Grass Tincture, 2 fl. oz.
Super Greens like Barley Grass help with digestion, elimination, detoxification, internal cleansing, tissue repair, skin problems and healing.Black Cherry Concentrate, Organic, Kosher, Dynamic Health, 16 fl. oz.
Our Black Cherry Concentrate is made from Organic Cherries, is kosher, fat free and has no sugar added.Black Salve Ointment (AHH), 2 oz.
Black Salve has a strong drawing power to promote healing. It has been used on such skin ailments as boils, abscesses, splinters, carbuncles, felons, skin infections, skin cancer, cysts and tumors.Burns Cream, Nelson's Bach Homeopathic, 30 grams
Nelson's Burns Cream, homeopathic cream for burns, offers natural first aid relief for minor burns and scalds.Burt's Bees Aloe & Linden Flower After Sun Soother, 6 fl. oz.
Replenish your skin instantly and naturally after a long day in the sun with Burt's Bees After Sun Soother.CAL/MAG/ZINC, Calcium Magnesium Zinc Supplement, 90 Tablets
This unique Calcium Magnesium Zinc Supplement formula perfectly balances calcium, magnesium, and zinc with over 70 minerals and trace elements found in ConcenTrace for maximum absorption and utilization by the body.Calendula Gel, Califlora (Relief For First Aid & Sunburn), Homeopathic Boericke & Tafel, 2.72 oz.
Califlora Calendula Gel is the ideal pain reliever for a wide variety of skin conditions including sunburns.Cell Rejuvenator, Peter Gillham's Natural Vitality, 8 oz.
Cell Rejuvenator is a precisely engineered formula designed to give cells the exact nutrients they need to rejuvenate quickly and in the best condition possible.Chaparral Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Chaparral protects against the harmful effects of radiation, sun exposure, and the formation of tumors and cancer cells.Cocoa Butter, 100% Pure, NOW Foods, 7 fl. oz.
This the highest quality 100% pure cocoa butter from NOW Cosmetics. Pure Cocoa Butter is useful for sunburns, softening skin, scar tissue, and avoiding stretch marks during pregnancy. Cocoa butter is used to improve skin elasticity and to reduce wrinkles. This cocoa butter from NOW Foods is also food grade and can be used in your favorite recipes.Coconut Oil Cream, Pure Virgin, NOW Foods, 7 oz.
NOW Foods Pure Virgin Coconut Oil Cream can be used in recipes as it is food grade, but also as an excellent hair and skin treatment.Colloidal Silver Pump Spray, SilvaSolution, 2 fl. oz.
Colloidal Silver Spray works great to promote throat health, as well as provide immune system support.Colloidal Silver Salve, SilvaSolution, 2 oz.
SilvaSolution Colloidal Silver Salve now contains added homeopathics that add a benefit that will enhance the SilvaSolutions effectiveness.Colloidal Silver & Zinc Lozenges, SilvaSolution, 90 Lozenges
Now you can get powerful liquid silver in the most convenient form ever with new SilvaSolution Silver and Zinc Lozenges.Comfrey Leaf Ointment, Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 2 oz.
Comfrey Leaf Ointment is a 100% all natural, mild scented, herbal ointment.Comfrey Leaf Powder, 100% Organic, 4 oz. Bulk
One of the most well-known healing plants, especially for its ability to heal tissue and bone.Comfrey Leaf Poultice, 2.5 oz.
Comfrey leaf contains allantoin, which promotes the growth of connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and is easily absorbed through the skin.Copper Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 50 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
WaterOz Ionic Copper is a pure liquid Copper supplement. Copper influences protein metabolism and general healing, improves vitamin C oxidation and is integral in the formation of RNA.CoQ10, All Natural Hypoallergenic, Nature's Way, 60 mg, 60 Softgels
CoQ10 is vital for cellular energy production and is a powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenger.CoQ10 Liquid, Trace Minerals, 4 fl. oz.
Liquid Co-Q10 is an all-natural, enzymatic, dietary supplement providing assistance to the body's cells by helping to maintain and protect against oxidative stress for increased cell integrity and energy.CoQ10, NOW Foods, 400 mg, 60 SoftGels
As an active contributor to all aspects of cellular function, coq10 has become universally regarded as one of the most vital nutrients ever made available to the public.CoQ10, Vegetarian Coenzyme, NOW Foods, 30 mg, 60 VCaps
A coenzyme for several key steps in the production of energy within each cell, and an antioxidant important in its clinical effects. It is these two properties make CoQ10 one of the best supplements available today.CoQ10 With Vitamin E, NOW Foods, 200 mg, 90 Lozenges
Our new orange flavored chewable CoQ10 200 mg is formulated with 100 IU of Vitamin E in a base of non-genetically engineered Soy Lecithin.DHA, 250 mg w/ 500 mg EPA & Omega 3 from Fish Oil, 120 Softgels
Numerous published studies have provided strong evidence that the Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil may reduce the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and sudden death from cardiac causes.DMG Supplement N,N Dimethyl Glycine, NOW Foods, 125 mg, 100 Caps
NOW Foods' DMG Supplement is a methylated amino acid found in all cells. DMG is an antioxidant and methyl donor that has a number of beneficial effects. It has shown to have potential in increasing immune response to the flu and salmonella.EFA Blend Essential Fatty Acids Supplement, Attention Focus For Children, Nature's Way, 445 mg, 120 SoftGels
EFA, Essential Fatty Acid Supplement, provides the fluid membrane environment needed for proper transmission of brain and nerve signals.Emu Oil, 100% Pure, Naturally Refined, 8 fl. oz.
Thunder Ridge's Pure Emu Oil is a natural skin softener and protector. This pure Emu Oil supports skin hydration and elasticity and improves skin surface blood flow & healing.Emu Oil Soap, Unscented Bar Soap, Thunder Ridge Emu Oil Products
This Unscented Emu Oil Soap Bar is moisturizing, conditioning, non-irritating, and accompanied with all the benefits of Emu oil.Emu Oil Soap, Scented Bar Soap, Thunder Ridge Emu Oil Products
This lightly scented Emu Oil Soap Bar is organic, moisturizing, conditioning, non-irritating, and accompanied with all the benefits of Emu oil.Energy Drink, Ola Loa Vitamin Energy Supplement Powder Drink Mix, Orange Repair, 30 Packets
Ola Loa is the most extensive vitamin and mineral supplement available in a great tasting effervescent energy drink.Episilk Facial Cream, Hyalogic, 2 oz.
Episilk Facial Cream is 100% natural and contains high concentrations of hyaluronic acid.Episilk Lip Balm With Hyaluronic Acid, Hyalogic, 0.5 oz.
Episilk Premium Lip Balm with Hyaluronic Acid is uniquely formulated to make lips feel and look smoother and softer, reducing the appearance of fine lip lines. A lip balm with hyaluronic acid in an all natural base to moisturize, plump and protect lips.Episilk Natural Hand & Body Lotion, Hyalogic, 8 oz.
Episilk Natural Hand and Body lotion contains high concentrations of hyaluronic acid.Everyday Moisturizer, SPF 15, Kiss My Face, 11 fl. oz.
Pure Aloe Vera Gel and other natural ingredients create a soothing, absorbing moisturizer. For daily use on the face and body.Garlicin HC, Healthy Circulation Formula With Odor Free Garlic Supplement, Nature's Way, 90 Enteric-Coated Tabs
Garlicin HC garlic supplement supports cardiovascular health with the help of hawthorn, cayenne and vitamin E.Garlic Oil Tincture, Alcohol Free, Nature's Way, 1 fl. oz.
Garlic oil is often used to soothe the ear and as an antibiotic but most often used as a food and herb and also to lower serum cholesterol and blood pressure and to improve circulation as well as possibly inhibiting the growth of ulcer causing bacteria.Horsetail Herb Grass, Nature's Way, 440 mg, 100 Caps
Horsetail herb contains approximately 22 milligrams of Silica per capsule or 4.94% and Nature's Way Horsetail Grass is certified organically processed by Oregon tilth.Immune-RX, Immune System Supplement, Hi-Tech Pharmaceuticals, 60 Tabs
Immune-RX, Immune System Supplement, was formulated to strengthen your immune system because Immune-Rx offers the most powerful protection against the elements.Instant Sunless Tanner, Kiss My Face, With Walnut Shell Extract, 4 fl. oz.
Kiss My Face Instant Sunless Tanner gives you a light "tan" in seconds and a deeper color in four hours. The beauty of this year-round self-tanner is that it allows you to see where and how its been applied, which prevents streaking and gives instant color.Kiss My Face - Face Factor, SPF 30, For Face & Neck, 2 fl. oz.
No one should turn down a great wrinkle-reducer - especially when it's combined with face-saving SPF 30. This water-resistant formula provides strong UVA/UVB protection for the fragile skin on your face and neck and helps reduce wrinkles.Lavender Essential Oil, 2 fl. oz.
Lavender essential oil is strong antimicrobial and antibacterial and helps to heal wounds. As aromatherapy, lavender essential oil helps to calm anxiety and stress.Macadamia Nut Oil, Organic, Non-GE, NOW Foods, 16 fl. oz.
To ensure quality and purity, NOW Foods Macadamia Nut Oil uses only unrefined, unhybridized macadamias, grown in Australia.Mangosteen Juice, Kosher & Vegetarian, Dynamic Health, 32 fl. oz.
Dynamic Health Mangosteen Juice is rich in the Xanthone Antioxidant, and Mangosteen Juice contains naturally occurring minerals, enzymes, vitamins, antioxidants, phytonutrients and bioflavonoids and stimulates your body to boost energy.MSM Lip Balm With Jojoba Oil & Methylsulfonylmethane, SPF 15 Sun Protection, All Natural, 0.15 oz.
MSM lip balm helps promote smooth moisturized lips all day long, helps heal chapped lips and offers SPF 15 sun protection.MSM Supplement (Methylsulfonylmethane), 1000 mg, 120 Caps, Pure Lignisul with Free 4 oz. Lotion
Buy MSM Supplement caps and get a 4 oz. Lotion free. MSM supplement plays a beneficial role in connective tissue and joint flexibility, immune health, arthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, pain, hair, skin, nails, athletic injuries, acne, wrinkles and allergies.Mullein Oil, 2 fl. oz.
Mullein has been used medicinally to treat respiratory diseases, hemorrhoids, and diarrhea.Nature's Antiseptic Tea Tree Oil & Grapefruit Seed Extract By CJ Puotinen (Paperback)
Nature's Warfare, this book covers tea tree oil and grapefruit see extract use in safely destroying viruses, bacteria, molds, yeasts and parasites that want to live in us and on us.Noni Juice, Trace Minerals, 32 fl. oz.
Trace Minerals Noni Juice product may provide nutritional support for Bio-Electric Health and Body Mineral Balancing.Nutribiotic Skin Ointment, With Grapefruit Seed Extract & Lysine, 0.5 oz.
NutriBiotic Skin Ointment with GSE can be used topically for such things as scrapes, scratches and cuts. NutriBiotic Skin Ointment with GSE can also be used on the lips and in the mouth on cold sores and canker sores.Odorless Garlic Supplement, NOW Foods, 50 mg, 250 SoftGels
Odorless Garlic supplement is extracted from Allum sativum and is a specially made Japanese product. Our Odorless Garlic yields high amounts of Scordiin, a unique sulfur compound which may be responsible for many of garlic's renowned benefits.Olbas Analgesic Salve, Natural Menthol Swiss Made, 1 oz. Tube
This Menthol Olbas Analgesic Salve delivers a combination of deep, penetrating relief of aches and pains in muscles and joints, and is particularly effective to soothe backaches and the inflammation and discomforts from arthritis, strains, bruises and sprains.Opuntia (Prickly Pear), Nature's Way, 250 mg, 100 Caps
Nature's Way Opuntia prickly pear flowers were traditionally used as medicine for male urinary discomforts. It was also used externally as an ointment.Organic Hot Spots, Kiss My Face, SPF 30, 0.5 oz.
Hot Spots, a convenient, user friendly way to apply extra protection for those body parts like lips, nose, cheeks and ears that are most often exposed to the sun.Pain Formula Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Use the Pain Formula to alleviate pain naturally.Pantothenic Acid 100% Natural Vitamin B-5, 250 mg, 100 Caps
Pantothenic acid vitamin B-5 is converted to coenzyme A, which is involved in the biochemical cycles responsible for conversion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates into energy.Pasca-Balm Bentonite Ointment & Skin Softener, 5 oz.
For minor skin irritations, cuts scrapes, bug bites, itchy rashes, dry and cracked skin. Rub into or dab on skin as desired or several times daily.Pycnogenol With Vitamin E, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 50 mg, 30 Tabs
Pycnogenol is an extract made from the bark of the European coastal pine. Pycnogenol is a concentrated source of proanthocyanidins, organic acids and other biologically active components.Quercetin, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 VCaps
Quercetin is a naturally occurring bioflavonoid found in high concentrations in red wine, onions and green tea. Quercetin possesses powerful antioxidant properties and like other bioflavonoids, has the ability to stabilize cell membranes.Radiation Therapy Wellness Oil, 2 fl. oz.
This oil was created for a friend that was getting radiation for breast cancer. She called after day 26 to let us know that the health care providers could not believe how well her skin looked!Selenium, 100% Natural, 200 mcg, 100 Caps
Selenium is an essential component of glutathione, the body's most potent natural antioxidant system. It is a popular choice in many antioxidant regimens.Selenium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 50 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
WaterOz Ionic Selenium is pure liquid Selenium supplement. Selenium promotes normal body growth, enhances fertility, encourages tissue elasticity and is a potent antioxidant that naturally reduces the retention of toxic metals in the body. Selenium is crucial for the proper functioning of the heart muscle and there is evidence that it can help the body fight cancer.Skin Tumors Tincture (External), Alternative Health & Herbs, 2 oz.
Use Alternative Health & Herbs Skin Tumors externally for skin tumors, skin cancer, infection, and skin disorders.Silver Biotics Liquid, Silver Supplement, 8 fl. oz.
Silver Biotics was tested by researchers and was found to kill every strain of bacteria that it was tested against and that these bacteria, many of which have become resistant to antibiotics, cause many human ailments.Stabilized Oxygen OxyDrops, Liquid Electrolytes, Sodium Chloride Solution, 4 fl. oz.
WaterOz stabilized oxygen is the highest quality, strongest and most stable of all the liquid electrolytes of oxygen available on the market.Sunblock Spray, Kiss My Face, SPF 30, 4 oz.
They're an outdoorsy bunch at Kiss My Face so they wanted a sun block with a high sun protection factor that is easy and quick to apply, invisible (oh vanity!), waterproof, no fragrance and as natural as possible.Sun Screen, Kiss My Face, SPF 18, With Oat Protein Complex, 4 fl. oz.
Kiss My Face sun screen combines Oat Protein and Oat Beta Glucan, a dynamic duo of patented ingredients reduce irritation and inflammation and also fight against damaging free-radicals as they lubricate and moisturize your skin.Sun Screen, Kiss My Face, SPF 30, With Oat Protein Complex, 4 fl. oz.
Kiss My Face sun screen combines Oat Protein and Oat Beta Glucan, a dynamic duo of patented ingredients reduce irritation and inflammation and also fight against damaging free-radicals as they lubricate and moisturize your skin.Sunswat, Kiss My Face, Waterproof Sun Block & Natural Insect Repellent, SPF 15, 4 fl. oz.
The garden, the woods, the court or the course. Anywhere Day or Night, protect yourself from the sun and fend off bugs naturally with Kiss My Face Sunswat.Tea Tree Antiseptic Cream, 4 oz.
This tea tree cream has a soothing and cooling effect on inflamed skin. It can be used as diaper change lotion.Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Alternifolia), 100% Pure Oil, 2 fl. oz.
Tea Tree Oil can be used for general first aid uses such as cuts, burns, abrasions, insect bites, bee stings, rashes, impetigo, boils, sinus problems, sore throat, thrush, fingernail and toenail infections.Tea Tree Oil Antiseptic Ointment, 2 oz.
A 100% natural Tea Tree Oil antiseptic ointment that combines a therapeutic dose of pure tea tree oil with the absorption powers of Australian Eucalyptus australiana oil and lavender oil.Tea Tree Oil Antiseptic Solution, 15% Water Soluble, 2 fl. oz.
A 100% natural Tea Tree Oil antiseptic ointment that combines a therapeutic dose of pure tea tree oil with the absorption powers of Australian Eucalyptus australiana oil and lavender oil.Too Much Sun Wellness Oil, 2 fl. oz.
Next time you spend too much time having fun in the sun, the aftereffects won't be as bad with this spectacular Too Much Sun Wellness Oil around.Ultimate B (Vitamin B Complex Formula), 60 Tabs
Superbly formulated, Ultimate B, vitamin B Complex Formula, is a synergistic blend of herbs, superfoods, and enzymes made of 33% food ingredients for easy absorption.Unker's Medicated Salve, 7 oz.
Unker's Medicated Salve has been providing healing and relief for over 60 years. It works great for arthritis, sore muscles and joints, cuts, burns, bruises, throat congestion, sinus problems, psoriasis, and much more.Vital Yew (Pacific Yew) Salve, 1 oz.
Yew promotes healing of wounds, rashes, burns, bug bites, and problem skin.Vitamin A, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 10,000 IU, 100 Softgels
Nature's Way vitamin A is 100% natural from fish liver oil. It contains no artificial ingredients or preservatives.Vitamin B-100 With Coenzyme B-2, Nature's Way, 631 mg, 100 Caps
A complete Vitamin B complex of 8 essential vitamins. B Vitamins are precursors of coenzymes involved in the conversion of cellular energy, manufacture of hormones and proteins, and repair and maintenance of nerve structures.Vitamin C 1000 with Bioflavonoids, 100% Natural, 1000 mg, 250 VCaps
Nature's Way Vitamin C with Bioflavonoids provides antioxidant protection for many of the body's important enzyme systems.Vitamin C 500 with Rosehips, 100% Natural, 500 mg, 250 VCaps
Nature's Way Vitamin C with Rosehips offers a rich whole plant source of vitamin C and provides antioxidant protection for many of the body's important enzyme systems.Vitamin E, Natural D-Alpha-Tocopherol, 400 IU, 100 SoftGels
Vitamin E has potent antioxidant activity, supplies oxygen to the blood, aids in strengthening capillary walls, and plays a beneficial role in cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention, anti-aging benefits, circulation, wound-healing, immune function, nervous system function, PMS, hot flushes, diabetes, vascular disease, eye health, tissue repair, athletic performance, leg cramps, skin and hair health, and alleviating fatigue.Vitamin E Tocotrienols, 100% Natural, 100 IU/45 mg, 30 SoftGels
Vitamin E Tocotrienols is derived from fruits of palm and contains all four isomers which have been shown to support healthy low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels, which supports cardiovascular health.Warburgia (Pepperbark, Isibhaha Peperbasbloom), 100% Natural Antifungal Herb, 100 mg, 60 Tabs
Warbugia, an antifungal herb, is the most valuable of the natural African antimicrobials, and the bark and leaves have been used to treat yeast, fungal, bacterial and protozoal infections for centuries.Witch Hazel Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Witch Hazel can be taken internally for diarrhea and hemorrhage.Zinc Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 100 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.
WaterOz Ionic Zinc is a pure liquid Zinc supplement. Zinc moves through all the fluids in the body, it creates a defense against infection-causing bacteria and viruses trying to enter the body and stops bacterial and viral replication.Zinc Lozenges With Echinacea & Vitamin C, Nature's Way, 23 mg, 60 Lozenges
Nature's Way Zinc lozenge boosts cold season defense with zinc, widely recognized as an important nutritional support during the cold season, and echinacea pupurea, clinically shown to support the immune system, and Vitamin C, a vitally important vitamin for general health maintenance.
Herbal Remedies: Sunburn Information
Herbal Remedies: Sunburn Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Burns Information
Herbal Remedies: Burns Supplements & Products
Herbal Remedies: Melanoma Information
Herbal Remedies: Melanoma / Skin Cancer Supplements & Products
CONSIDERATIONS
Tretinoin (Vitamin A acid), the active ingredient in the prescription medication Retin-A, is sometimes prescribed to help to repair skin that has been damaged by sun exposure. However, the use of tretinoin renders the skin significantly more vulnerable to additional sun damage. If you use this medication, you should always use a high-SPF sunblock and avoid sun exposure as much as possible. This product should not be used during pregnancy, as it may cause birth defects.
The prescription medication tretinoin (Retin-A) may be able to reverse pre-cancerous sun damage in skin. Skin care products containing alpha-hydroxy acids, which are available over-the-counter, may have a similar effect, although they are less potent.
For severe burn, a health care provider may prescribe silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) cream and/or antibiotics to prevent infection, debridement to remove dead tissue, and/or hydrotherapy to loosen dead skin. Depending on the location and extent of the burn, physical therapy may be prescribed to keep muscles flexible. Muscle contractures can result from overlying skin damage and contraction.
Berlock dermatitis is a heightened reaction to the sun caused by oil of Bergamot, a common ingredient in perfumes, pomades, and colognes.
Seborrheic keratoses are slightly raised, brownish spots on the skin that may appear waxy, scaly, or wart-like. They seem to be stuck on the skin and are most often found on the chest and back. They are harmless - neither cancerous nor precancerous - and appear normally as people age. They result from irregular clumping together, rather than even distribution, of skin pigment. The tendency to develop seborrheic keratosis is inherited. People often mistake these growths for melanomas. If there is any doubt as to the nature of a spot on the skin, a dermatologist should take a scraping of the area and examine the sample for cancer cells. Treatment, if any is necessary, can include curettage, cryosurgery, chemosurgery, or electrosurgery. Actinic kerotoses are flatter and redder than seborrheic keratones, and are considered a precursor to cancer. They tend to appear on areas of the skin that are normally exposed to the sun.
The average person incurs between 50 and 80 percent of all sun exposure prior to the age of 18. Thus, even though skin cancer is rare in children, the childhood years have a major influence on a person's tendency to develop skin cancer later in life. An infant under the age of 6 months should never be exposed to direct sunlight or have sunscreen applied to his or her skin. Infants should always be dressed in protective clothing when they are outside. Sunscreen can be used on a baby over 6 months old (choose a PABA-free formula, preferably one meant for young children), but sun exposure should still be limited, and the child should still be dressed in protective clothing. For toddlers and young children, limit time in the sun and apply sunscreen regularly whenever they are outdoors. Older children should be taught the importance of applying sunscreen regularly - an important lifelong habit.
Certain medications may make the skin more susceptible to sun damage. These include antibiotics, antidepressants, diuretics, antihistamines, sedatives, estrogen, and acne medications such as retinoic acid. Ask your health care provider or pharmacist if any medication that your take might have such an effect.
A study reported in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology found that well-educated white collar men have the highest risk of developing melanoma. Researchers surmise that a pattern of many months of little sun exposure (a result of working indoors) with occasional overexposure and sunburn (such as that acquired at sunny resort vacations) may be responsible.
The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has approved for marketing as a sun protection a line of clothing produced by Sun Precautions, Inc., of Everett, WA. The clothing, which carries a SPF rating of 30, is sold under the brand name Solumbra. There are other companies that are also making and selling sun protective clothing (see links below).
Preliminary research into the potential of beta carotene, folic acid, retinoic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, and minerals as inhibitors of skin cancer is encouraging.
Garlic may be effective in fighting basal cell carcinoma by boosting the body's immune response.
A worldwide rise in the incidence of skin cancer has been linked to the destruction of the earth's ozone layer. The ozone layer acts as a protective atmospheric sunscreen. As it becomes thinner and holes develop in it, more of the sun's harmful rays reach the earth.
More information about skin cancer is available from:
The Skin Cancer Foundation
149 Madison Avenue, Suite 901
New York, New York, 10016
(212) 725-5176
National Cancer Institute
Building 31, Room 10A03
31 Center Drive, MSC 2580
Bethesda, MD 20892
(800) 422-6237
(301) 435-3848
www.nci.nih.gov
American Cancer Society
1599 Clifton Road
Atlanta, GA 30329 1-800-ACS-2345
1-866-228-4327 (TTY)
There are many hospitals, research centers, and treatment centers that specialize in cancer treatment.
RELATED LINKS
NOTIFY YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...
You feel your sunburn is severe enough, call your practitioner. You most likely will be asked how severe your condition is and if you have any other significant health problems. The health care provider can then make the decision to treat you at home or in the office or refer you to an emergency department.
Conditions that should motivate you to go to a hospital's emergency department include the following:
- Severe pain.
- Severe blistering.
- Headache.
- Confusion.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Fainting.
- An acute problem with another medical condition.
You have unusual or unexplained symptoms. Some therapies, both conventional and alternative, may produce side effects during treatment.
Your symptoms worsen, despite treatment.
For a full list of available products from Mountain Rose Herbs, click on banner below:
HELPFUL PRODUCTS & FURTHER EDUCATION
Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
-- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 2nd Edition
Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
-- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 4th Edition
Prescription for Herbal Healing: The A-To-Z Reference To Common Disorders
-- by Phyllis A. Balch
The Complete Guide to Natural Healing
If you see a suggested Amazon product "not there" as indicated by an orange box with the Amazon logo, this only means the specific product link has been changed by Amazon.com. Use the "click here" icon on the orange box and it will bring you to Amazon.com and you can do a search for a specific product using keywords and a new list of available products and prices will show. Their product and resource links are constantly changing and being upgraded. Many times there are more than one link to a specific product. Prices will vary between product distributors so it pays to shop around and do price comparisons.
Educational materials and health products are available through Amazon.com. Use the search box provided below to search for a particular item.
HERBS, OILS, & SUPPLIES
Mountain Rose Bulk Herbs
Mountain Rose Aromatherapy Oils
Click Here To Visit Herbal Remedies Product Page
A Source For Medicinal & Ritual Herbs & Supplies
Aphrodisiacs Aromatherapy Bath & Body Care Bulk Herbs By The Pound Capsules, Tablets & Extracts Chinese Herbals Electronics Extracts First Aid Products Food Products, Mixes, Seeds, Snacks & More! Hair Care Products & Supplies Herbs & Oils, Kilo & Ton Hydroponics & Gardening Kava Products Kitchen & Housewares Mushrooms Musical Instruments Oral Care & Dental Products PC & IT - Computer Supplies & Assessories Skin Care, Cosmetics, & Gift Sets Smokes, Seeds, Cacti Spices, Salts, Sweeteners, & Seasonings Sports, Toys & Games Sweets, Candy, Chips & Snacks Stimulants Sedatives Teas & Coffees
Shaman Shop Home Page
