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DESCRIPTION
In today's environment, we worry not only about nuclear war and fallout from atomic testing, but about radioactive pollution from nuclear reactors, plutonium disposal, and uranium mining. Cellular telephones, x-rays, nuclear medicine, computer monitors, television sets, smoke detectors, and microwave ovens are among the common items that are a source of radiation exposure. Radiation is around us all the time in both natural and artificially introduced forms. The sun is a natural source of radiation exposure, and so is radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is reported to be the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. The human body itself is a source of some radiation.
Radioactive elements are made up of unstable atoms that give off energy as the result of spontaneous decay of their nuclei. If the energy released by a radioactive element is strong enough to dislodge electrons from other atoms or molecules in its path, it can damage or even kill living tissue.
This type of radiation is called ionizing radiation. Even if only one cell is exposed to radiation, the radiation can destroy, damage, or alter the makeup of that cell. The alteration of cell structure by radioactive particles can lead to the development of cancer. If a cell's DNA is damaged, this can cause genetic mutations that can be passed down to offspring.
The type and extent of damage done by exposure to radiation depends on the total dose of radiation received; the length of time over which it was received; and the size and location of the body area involved. Damage obviously tends to be worse with greater degrees of exposure. This may be modified, however, by the length of time involved. A relatively high total dose of radiation might be fatal if received in the space of a few minutes, but considerably less harmful if accumulated over weeks or months. Similarly, radiation may be better tolerated if it affects only a small percentage of the body's tissue, and/or if certain key organs are not affected. Some types of tissue are more susceptible than others to radiation damage. Generally, cells that are replaced relatively rapidly are more sensitive than those that reproduce over longer periods of time.
Radiation poisoning, also called radiation sickness, radiation toxicity, or a "creeping dose", is a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. The clinical name for radiation sickness is acute radiation syndrome (ARS) as described by the CDC. A chronic radiation syndrome does exist but is very uncommon; this has been observed among workers in early radium source production sites and in the early days of the Soviet nuclear program. A short exposure can result in acute radiation syndrome; chronic radiation syndrome requires a prolonged high level of exposure.
The use of radionuclides in science and industry is strictly regulated in most countries (in the U.S. by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission). In the event of an accidental or deliberate release of radioactive material, either evacuation or sheltering in place will be the recommended measures.
MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION DOSAGE
The rad is a unit of absorbed radiation dose defined in terms of the energy actually deposited in the tissue. One rad is an absorbed dose of 0.01 joules of energy per kilogram of tissue. The more recent SI unit is the gray (Gy), which is defined as 1 joule of deposited energy per kilogram of tissue. Thus one gray is equal to 100 rad.
The rad is a largely obsolete unit of absorbed radiation dose, with symbol rad. The rad was first proposed in 1918 as "that quantity of X rays which when absorbed will cause the destruction of the malignant mammalian cells in question. It was defined in CGS units in 1953 as the dose causing 100 ergs of energy to be absorbed by one gram of matter. It was restated in SI units in 1970 as the dose causing 0.01 joule of energy to be absorbed per kilogram of matter. It is now superseded in the SI by the gray; 100 rad are equal to 1 gray. The continued use of the rad is "strongly discouraged" by the author style guide of the US National Institute of Standards and Technology.
To accurately assess the risk of radiation, the absorbed dose energy in rad is multiplied by the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the radiation to get the biological dose equivalent in rems. Rem stands for "Röntgen equivalent in man." In SI units, the absorbed dose energy in grays is multiplied by the same RBE to get a biological dose equivalent in sieverts (Sv). The sievert is equal to 100 rem.
The RBE is a "quality factor," often denoted by the letter Q, which assesses the damage to tissue caused by a particular type and energy of radiation. For alpha particles Q may be as high as 20, so that one rad of alpha radiation is equivalent to 20 rem. The Q of neutron radiation depends on their energy. However, for beta particles, x-rays, and gamma rays, Q is taken as one, so that the rad and rem are equivalent for those radiation sources, as are the gray and sievert.
For more information about sievert and other radiation dosage measurements, see:
Wikipedia: Sievert
CAUSES
Radiation is the energy released from atoms as either a wave or a tiny particle of matter. Radiation sickness is caused by exposure to a high dose of radiation, such as a high dose of radiation received during an industrial accident. Common exposures to low-dose radiation, such as x-ray examinations, usually do not cause radiation sickness.
The National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements (NCRP) estimates that radiation exposure in the United States comes primarily from the following sources, in order:
- Radon: 55 percent.
- Other natural sources: 27 percent.
- Medical sources: 27 percent.
- Other man-made sources: 3 percent.
Radiation exposure is measured in units called rem. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the NCRP estimate that the average American is exposed to about 360 millirem (a millirem is equal to 1/1,000 rem) of radioactivity per year. Flying across the United States exposes you to about 5 millirem of radiation (the high altitude eliminates some natural protection from the sun's rays). A dental x-ray exposes you to about 3 millirem and a chest x-ray exposes you to 20-50 millirem. Living in a home with a smoke detector increases exposure by under 1 millirem a year.
The risk of dying from radiation-induced cancer increases by 8 percent per each exposure exceeding 10 rem (or 10,000 millirem). The least amount of exposure it would take to kill a person is 200 rem, but with aggressive treatment, people can survive 1,000 rem of exposure. Acute radiation sickness is induced by exposure to doses of 100 rem or more. This can be a consequence of some types of cancer treatments or events such as nuclear power plant accidents.
Sources of radiation exposure include:
- Medical and dental x-rays are the most frequent exposure to low-levels of radiation.
- Radon or uranium in the soil or building materials.
- Cancer radiotherapy treatment.
- Tobacco smoke.
- Cellular phones.
- Computers with video display terminals.
- Electronic games.
- Microwave ovens.
- Radar devices.
- Satellite dishes.
- Smoke detectors.
- Working in certain industries, such as nuclear power generation and the production of radioactive materials for medical and industrial applications, are more likely than most people to be exposed to problematic levels of radiation.
SOURCES OF HIGH-DOSE RADIATION
Possible sources of high-dose radiation include the following:
- An accident at a nuclear industrial facility.
- An attack on a nuclear industrial facility.
- Detonation of a small radioactive device.
- Detonation of a conventional explosive device that disperses radioactive material (dirty bomb).
- Detonation of a standard nuclear weapon.
Radiation sickness occurs when high-energy radiation damages or destroys certain cells in the body. Regions of the body most vulnerable to high-energy radiation are cells in the lining of the stomach and intestinal tract and the blood cell producing cells of bone marrow.
RADIOACTIVE IODINE
Iodine is needed by the thyroid to produce hormones that help to regulate body processes. If the amounts of iodine in the diet is insufficient, the body may instead supply the thyroid with radioactive iodine 131 (I-131), which is fairly widespread in the environment due to atmospheric contamination of food and water. For example, 1-131 is prevalent in milk due to exposure of cows and goats to radioactive (an acid) rain in the fields. The presence of radioactive I-131 in the thyroid can damage the cells, decreasing the functioning ability of the thyroid and possibly leading to cancer.
Many people were exposed to radioactive iodine fallout as a result of the 1989 nuclear disaster in Chernobyl, Ukraine. In an effort to protect them from this dangerous radioactive element, Soviet health authorities gave people likely to have been exposed large amounts of (non-radioactive) iodine. This was done to prevent the absorption of at least some of the radioactive iodine salts; if the body is saturated with iodine, it is more likely to excrete and less likely to absorb the radioactive element.
The destructive power of radioactive iodine can be used in medical treatment, as in the treatment of thyroid cancer. I-131 may be employed to destroy any malignant thyroid tissue left behind after surgery to remove a cancerous tumor. If thyroid cancer is inoperable, I-131 may be used in conjunction with external radiation treatment.
STRONTIUM 90
Strontium 90 (Sr-90) is a radioactive element that is similar in structure to calcium. Due to nuclear testing, Sr-90 has contaminated the earth and has been passed on to us in water and foods, especially milk and milk products. Cattle feed is often made from crops irrigated with water contaminated with Sr-90. This radioactive element accumulates in the bones and teeth.
Making sure that your diet contains adequate amounts of calcium can protect the body from Sr-90. Studies indicate that the body retains Sr-90 only if sufficient amounts of calcium are not available. Contamination with Sr-90 is associated with anemia as well as bone cancer (osteosarcoma), leukemia, and many other forms of cancer. To protect against Sr-90, follow the supplements recommendations given the Nutritional Supplements section further down on this page.
X-RAY RADIATION
Dental checkups today typically include x-rays to locate cavities. Health care providers use x-rays and other related diagnostic tests to determine bone breakage, cardiovascular and respiratory health, and to locate tumors and areas of dysfunction in the body. Women are urged to have regular mammograms for detecting breast cancer. Despite the widespread use of x-rays, dentists, health care providers, chiropractors, and hospitals have often ignored the potential danger and long-term effects of even small amounts of radiation. Sterility, tissue damage, and caner are among the risks for those exposed to low-levels of radiation from x-rays. Women who are exposed to x-rays while pregnant are at a higher risk of having a miscarriage or delivering a baby with birth defects.
The level of radiation from x-rays is measured in units called roentgens. The National Academy of Science has reported that exposure (single or cumulative) to 10 milligroentgens of radiation from x-rays increases the risk of cancer. This is the same amount of radiation that the chest is exposed to during a tuberculosis chest x-ray. Mammography uses a much lower dose. however, there is mounting evidence to suggest that there may be no safe level of radiation. Prolonged exposure to radiation also destroys the body's immune system. To protect yourself from x-rays, follow the supplements recommendations given the Nutritional Supplements section further down on this page.
FREQUENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
The severity of signs and symptoms of radiation sickness depends on how much radiation you have absorbed. How much you absorb depends on the strength of the radiated energy and the distance between you and the source of radiation.
ABSORBED DOSE & DURATION OF EXPOSURE
The absorbed dose of radiation is measured in a unit called a gray (Gy). An example of a safe radiation exposure is a conventional dental X-ray, which results in an absorbed dose to the jaw of about 0.0025 Gy. A typical whole-body computerized tomography (CT) scan, a type of X-ray exam, results in an average whole-body dose of about 0.012 Gy.
Signs and symptoms of radiation sickness usually appear with absorbed doses to the whole body of at least 1 Gy. Doses greater than 8 Gy are generally not treated successfully and usually result in death within two days to two or three weeks depending on the duration of the exposure.
INITIAL SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
The initial signs and symptoms of treatable radiation sickness are usually nausea and vomiting. The amount of time between exposure and the onset of these symptoms is, in fact, a relatively reliable indicator of how much radiation a person has absorbed.
After the initial onset of signs and symptoms, a person with radiation sickness then experiences a brief period of a few days with no apparent illness. This period precedes the onset of signs and symptoms indicating more serious illness.
MILD RADIATION SICKNESS
Mild radiation sickness Signs and symptoms resulting from an acute absorbed dose of 1 to 2 Gy may include:
- Nausea and vomiting within 24 to 48 hours.
- Headache.
- Fatigue.
- Weakness.
- Moderate radiation sickness.
With an acute absorbed dose of 2 to 3.5 Gy, a person may experience:
- Nausea and vomiting within 12 to 24 hours.
- Fever.
- Hair loss.
- Infections.
- Vomiting blood.
- Bloody stool.
- Poor wound healing.
- Any signs and symptoms associated with a lower absorbed dose.
Moderate radiation sickness can be fatal to those most sensitive to radiation exposure.
SEVERE RADIATION SICKNESS
Severe radiation sickness with an absorbed dose of 3.5 to 5.5 Gy can result in the following signs and symptoms:
- Nausea & vomiting less than one hour after exposure to radiation.
- Diarrhea.
- High fever.
- Any signs and symptoms associated with a lower absorbed dose.
Severe radiation sickness is fatal about half the time.
VERY SEVERE RADIATION SICKNESS
Very severe radiation sickness occurs in a person with an absorbed dose greater than 5.5 to 8 Gy can have the following signs and symptoms:
- Nausea & vomiting less than 30 minutes after exposure to radiation.
- Dizziness.
- Disorientation.
- Low blood pressure (hypotension).
- Any signs and symptoms associated with a lower absorbed dose.
Very severe radiation sickness is often fatal.
ACUTE-HIGH-LEVEL RADIATION & CHRONIC-LOW-LEVEL RADIATION
The effects of radiation exposure can be acute following a single, relatively high-intensity exposure, or they can be delayed or chronic.
ACUTE - HIGH-LEVEL RADIATION
Acute reactions to radiation are extremely dangerous. They cause symptoms of:These can then lead to:
- Listlessness.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting.
- Weakness.
- Loss of coordination.
- Dehydration.
- Convulsions.
- Shock.
- Death.
Fortunately, the amount and type of exposure that causes such serious reactions is extremely rare.
CHRONIC - LOW-LEVEL RADIATION
Much more common is chronic and/or low-level exposure. Symptoms associated with this type radiation exposure include:
- Cataracts.
- Dizziness.
- Fatigue.
- Headache.
- Nausea.
Among the most frequent sources of low-level radiation exposure are medical and dental x-rays, as well as other diagnostic and therapeutic procedures involving the use of radioactive materials. Many people injected with radioactive elements designed to trace a problem area so that an accurate diagnosis can be made.
MoonDragon's Health Therapy: Barium Enema
RADIOTHERAPY CANCER TREATMENT
Radiotherapy treatment for cancer involves the administration of fairly high doses of radiation specifically targeted at cancerous cells. The idea underlying this treatment is that the radiation kills the cancer, but healthy tissue, which is not targeted, is only minimally affected. Not surprisingly, the major side effect of this type of treatment is radiation sickness, with the classic symptoms of:
- Nausea.
- Vomiting.
- Headache.
- Weakness.
- Loss of appetite.
- Hair loss.
PREVENTION
The best prevention for radiation sickness is to minimize the dose suffered by the person, or to reduce the dose rate. Methods of reducing radiation exposure include:
- Distance: Increasing the distance from the radiation source reduces the dose due to the "inverse-square law" for a point source. Distance can be increased by means as simple as handling a source with forceps rather than with fingers.
- Time: Reducing the amount of time exposed to a radiation source reduces the exposure dose. When radiation workers are taught to work with radioactive substances, they work as quickly as possible when performing a task which exposes them to the radiation. The longer a person is exposed, the higher the exposure dose.
- Shielding: By placing a layer of a material which will absorb the radiation between the source and the person, the dose and dose rate can be reduced. This is one of the reasons x-ray technicians wear lead aprons and are enclosed behind protected walls in a shielded enclosure when they are giving patients x-rays. A woman of child-bearing age will often be given a lead apron when exposed to any type of radiation or x-ray therapy to protect her reproductive organs and any potential pregnancy from exposure. Pregnant women should never receive radiation therapy.
- Reduction of Incorporation Into The Body: An example of this would be Potassium iodide (KI) is administered orally to protect the thyroid from exposure to ingested radioactive iodine. This would help to prevent thyroid cancer.
RADIATION & NUTRITION
Radioactive elements are structurally similar to their non-radioactive counterparts, differing only in the number of neutrons the atoms contain. This is why nutrition is important in preventing or blocking damage from exposure to radioactive elements. If you do not obtain sufficient amounts of calcium, potassium, and other minerals in your diet, your body may absorb radioactive elements that are similar in structure to these nutrients. For example, if you do not obtain enough calcium, your body will absorb radioactive strontium 90 (Sr-90) or other elements that are similar in structure to calcium, if they are available. Similarly, if you obtain sufficient potassium from your diet, your body will be less likely to retain any radioactive cesium 137 it encounters, as this element is similar to potassium.
If the cells are able to obtain all nutrients they need from your diet, they will be less likely to absorb radioactive substitutes, which are then more likely to be discarded from the body.
RISKS OF EXPOSURE
MEDICAL RADIATION EXPOSURE
Dental checkups today often include x-rays to locate cavities. Health care providers take x-rays to determine whether a bone is broken, to check cardiovascular and respiratory health, to locate tumors and areas of dysfunction.
Women are urged to have regular mammograms, or breast x-rays, for early detection of breast cancer. Cancer research indicates that a significant percentage of women in the United States have inherited a gene, dubbed oncogene AC, that is sensitive to x-ray exposure. For these women, even short periods of x-ray exposure can lead to the development of cancer.
COSMIC & SOLAR RADIATION
In the natural world, there are numerous sources of radiation exposure. Direct solar and cosmic radiation is somewhat dependent upon altitude since the intervening atmospheric gases shield the surface:
ALTITUDE COSMIC RADIATION Sea Level 28 millirads 1,600 meters
(Approximately 5,250 feet)
(Denver, CO)50 millirads 3,200 meters
(Approximately 10,500 feet)
(Leadville, CO)125 millirads
The erosion of our ozone layer, which helps to protect us from cosmic radiation, is of major importance to us and our environmental survival.
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE
Fruits and vegetables - in fact, all foods - contain some level of radioactive material. Milk is checked in some states for the presence of strontium 90 (Sr-90), an element that is present as a result of above-ground nuclear testing (although above-ground testing is now banned in the United States), Sr-90 has a half-life of 29 years.
There is nothing that can protect a person against radioactive substances such as radon except detection and eradication of the problem. But good nutrition and a good supplement program will provide support and protection for your immune system. It is advisable to buy your fruit, vegetables, meat, and grains from sources that employ organic methods of farming to exclude further toxins from your diet.
Radiology Society of North America (RSNA) - Patient Information Resource
For up to date information for professionals and patients regarding radiology and testing information, visit their website at the links above. Excellent information about radiologic procedures.
COMPLICATIONS
Radiation sickness itself would not cause long-term medical problems for those who survive the illness. However, the radiation exposure that caused the immediate radiation sickness would significantly increase a person's risk of developing cancer later in life.
Having radiation sickness could also contribute to both short-term and long-term psychological disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, major depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. Mental health problems may stem from the fear and anxiety of:
- Experiencing a radioactive accident or attack.
- Grieving friends or family who have not survived.
- Dealing with the uncertainty of a mysterious and potentially fatal illness.
- Worrying about the eventual risk of cancer due to radiation exposure.
DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT
TESTS & DIAGNOSIS
When a person has experienced known or probable exposure to high-energy radiation from an accident or attack, medical personnel will take a number of steps to determine the absorbed radiation dose. This information is essential for determining how severe the illness is likely to be, which treatments to use and whether a person is likely to survive. Information important for determining an absorbed dose includes:
- Known Exposure: Details about distance from the source of radiation and duration of exposure can help provide a rough estimate of the severity of radiation sickness.
- Vomiting & Other Symptoms: The time between radiation exposure and the onset of vomiting is a fairly accurate screening tool to estimate absorbed radiation dose. The shorter the time before the onset of this sign, the higher the dose is. The severity and timing of other signs and symptoms may also help medical personnel determine the absorbed dose.
- Blood Tests: Frequent blood tests over several days enable medical personnel to look for drops in disease-fighting white blood cells and abnormal changes in the DNA of blood cells. These factors indicate the degree of bone marrow damage, which is determined by the level of an absorbed dose.
- Dosimeter: A device called a dosimeter can measure the absorbed dose of radiation but only if it was exposed to radiation at the same time as the person was exposed.
- Survey Meter: A device such as a Geiger counter can be used to survey people to determine the body location of radioactive particles.
- Type of Radiation: A part of the larger emergency response to a radioactive accident or attack would include identifying the type of radiation people have been exposed to. This information would guide some decisions for treating people with radiation sickness.
CONVENTIONAL MEDICAL TREATMENT
Treatment in reversing the effects of irradiation is currently not possible. Anesthetics and anti-emetics are administered to counter the symptoms of exposure, as well as antibiotics for countering secondary infections due to the resulting immune system deficiency. There are also a number of substances used to mitigate the prolonged effects of radiation poisoning, by eliminating the remaining radioactive materials, post exposure.
WHOLE-BODY VS PART-BODY EXPOSURE
In the case of a person who has had only part of their body irradiated then the treatment is easier, as the human body can tolerate very large exposures to the non-vital parts such as hands and feet, without having a global effect on the entire body. For instance, if the hands get a 100 Sv dose which results in the body receiving a dose (averaged over your entire body of 5 Sv) then the hands may be lost but radiation poisoning would not occur. The resulting injury would be described as localized radiation burn.
As described below, one of the primary dangers of whole-body exposure is immunodeficiency due to the destruction of bone marrow and consequent shortage of white blood cells. It is treated by maintaining a sterile environment, bone marrow transplants, and blood transfusions.
Chelation therapy can be useful to an extent if radiation poisoning is caused by the presence of heavy fissionable materials (e.g. radium or plutonium) in the bloodstream.
Experimental treatments designed to mitigate the effect on bone marrow:
- Neumune, an androstenediol, was introduced as a radiation countermeasure by the US Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, and was under joint development with Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals until March, 2007. Neumune is in Investigational New Drug (IND) status and Phase I trials have been performed.
- Some work has been published in which Cordyceps sinensis, a Chinese Herbal Medicine has been used to protect the bone marrow and digestive systems of mice from whole body irradiation.
TABLE OF EXPOSURE LEVELS & SYMPTOMS
Dose-equivalents are presently stated in sieverts (Sv):
0.05 - 0.2 Sv (5 - 20 REM) No symptoms. Potential for cancer and mutation of genetic material, according to the LNT model: this is disputed. A few researchers contend that low dose radiation may be beneficial. 50 mSv is the yearly federal limit for radiation workers in the United States. In the UK the yearly limit for a classified radiation worker is 20 mSv. In Canada and Brazil, the single-year maximum is 50 mSv, but the maximum 5-year dose is only 100 mSv. Company limits are usually stricter so as not to violate federal limits. 0.2 - 0.5 Sv (20 - 50 REM) No noticeable symptoms. Red blood cell count decreases temporarily. 0.5 - 1 Sv (50 - 100 REM) Mild radiation sickness with headache and increased risk of infection due to disruption of immunity cells. Temporary male sterility is possible. 1 - 2 Sv (100 - 200 REM) Light radiation poisoning, 10 percent fatality after 30 days (LD 10/30). Typical symptoms include mild to moderate nausea (50 percent probability at 2 Sv), with occasional vomiting, beginning 3 to 6 hours after irradiation and lasting for up to one day. This is followed by a 10 to 14 day latent phase, after which light symptoms like general illness and fatigue appear (50 percent probability at 2 Sv). The immune system is depressed, with convalescence extended and increased risk of infection. Temporary male sterility is common. Spontaneous abortion or stillbirth will occur in pregnant women. 2 - 3 Sv (200 - 300 REM) Moderate radiation poisoning, 35 percent fatality after 30 days (LD 35/30). Nausea is common (100 percent at 3 Sv), with 50 percent risk of vomiting at 2.8 Sv. Symptoms onset at 1 to 6 hours after irradiation and last for 1 to 2 days. After that, there is a 7 to 14 day latent phase, after which the following symptoms appear: loss of hair all over the body (50 percent probability at 3 Sv), fatigue and general illness. There is a massive loss of leukocytes (white blood cells), greatly increasing the risk of infection. Permanent female sterility is possible. Convalescence takes one to several months. 3 - 4 Sv (300 - 400 REM) Severe radiation poisoning, 50 percent fatality after 30 days (LD 50/30). Other symptoms are similar to the 2 - 3 Sv dose, with uncontrollable bleeding in the mouth, under the skin and in the kidneys (50 percent probability at 4 Sv) after the latent phase. 4 - 6 Sv (400 - 600 REM) Acute radiation poisoning, 60 percent fatality after 30 days (LD 60/30). Fatality increases from 60 percent at 4.5 Sv to 90 percent at 6 Sv (unless there is intense medical care). Symptoms start half an hour to two hours after irradiation and last for up to 2 days. After that, there is a 7 to 14 day latent phase, after which generally the same symptoms appear as with 3-4 Sv irradiation, with increased intensity. Female sterility is common at this point. Convalescence takes several months to a year. The primary causes of death (in general 2 to 12 weeks after irradiation) are infections and internal bleeding. 6 - 10 Sv (600 - 1,000 REM) Acute radiation poisoning, near 100 percent fatality after 14 days (LD 100/14). Survival depends on intense medical care. Bone marrow is nearly or completely destroyed, so a bone marrow transplant is required. Gastric and intestinal tissue are severely damaged. Symptoms start 15 to 30 minutes after irradiation and last for up to 2 days. Subsequently, there is a 5 to 10 day latent phase, after which the person dies of infection or internal bleeding. Recovery would take several years and probably would never be complete. 10 - 50 Sv (1,000 - 5,000 REM) Acute radiation poisoning, 100 percent fatality after 7 days (LD 100/7). An exposure this high leads to spontaneous symptoms after 5 to 30 minutes. After powerful fatigue and immediate nausea caused by direct activation of chemical receptors in the brain by the irradiation, there is a period of several days of comparative well-being, called the latent (or "walking ghost") phase. After that, cell death in the gastric and intestinal tissue, causing massive diarrhea, intestinal bleeding and loss of water, leads to water-electrolyte imbalance. Death sets in with delirium and coma due to breakdown of circulation. Death is currently inevitable; the only treatment that can be offered is pain therapy. More than 50 Sv (Greater than 5,000 REM) A worker receiving 100 Sv (10,000 REM) in an accident at Wood River, Rhode Island, USA on 24 July 1964 survived for 49 hours after exposure, and an operator named Cecil Kelley who received between 60 and 180 Sv (18,000 REM) to his upper body in an accident at Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA on 30 December 1958 survived for 36 hours; details of this accident can be found in the journal "Los Alamos Science", Number 23 (1995).
CUTANEOUS RADIATION SYNDROME
The concept of cutaneous radiation syndrome (CRS) was introduced in recent years to describe the complex pathological syndrome that results from acute radiation exposure to the skin.
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) usually will be accompanied by some skin damage. It is also possible to receive a damaging dose to the skin without symptoms of ARS, especially with acute exposures to beta radiation or X-rays. Sometimes this occurs when radioactive materials contaminate skin or clothes.
When the basal cell layer of the skin is damaged by radiation, inflammation, erythema, and dry or moist desquamation can occur. Also, hair follicles may be damaged, causing hair loss. Within a few hours after irradiation, a transient and inconsistent erythema (associated with itching) can occur. Then, a latent phase may occur and last from a few days up to several weeks, when intense reddening, blistering, and ulceration of the irradiated site are visible. In most cases, healing occurs by regenerative means; however, very large skin doses can cause permanent hair loss, damaged sebaceous and sweat glands, atrophy, fibrosis, decreased or increased skin pigmentation, and ulceration or necrosis of the exposed tissue.
EXTERNAL VS INTERNAL EXPOSURE
EXTERNAL: External exposure is exposure which occurs when the radioactive source (or other radiation source) is outside (and remains outside) the organism which is exposed. Below are a series of three examples of external exposure.
- A person who places a sealed radioactive source in their pocket.
- A space traveler who is irradiated by cosmic rays.
- A person who is treated for cancer by either teletherapy or brachytherapy. While in brachytherapy the source is inside the person it is still external exposure because the active part of the source never comes into direct contact with the biological tissues of the person.
One of the key points is that external exposure is often relatively easy to estimate, and the irradiated objects do not become radioactive (except for a case where the radiation is an intense neutron beam which causes activation of the object). It is possible for an object to be contaminated on the outer surfaces, assuming that no radioactivity enters the object it is still a case of external exposure and it is normally the case that decontamination is easy (wash the surface).
INTERNAL: Internal exposure is when the radioactive material enters the organism, and the radioactive atoms become incorporated into the organism. Below are a series of examples of internal exposure.
- The exposure due to 40K present within a normal person.
- The exposure to the ingestion of a soluble radioactive substance, such as Sr-90 (or Sr-89) in cow's milk. Both isotopes of Strontium behaves somewhat like calcium in the body and are capable of being absorbed into the bone.
- A person who is being treated for cancer by means of an open source radiotherapy method where a radioisotope is used as a drug. A review of this topic was published in 1999. Because the radioactive material becomes intimately mixed with the affected object it is often difficult to decontaminate the object or person in a case where internal exposure is occurring. While some very insoluble materials such as fission products within a uranium dioxide matrix might never be able to truly become part of an organism, it is normal to consider such particles in the lungs as a form of internal contamination which results in internal exposure. The reasoning is that the particles have entered via an orifice and can not be removed with ease from what the lay person (non-biologist) would regard as within the animal. It is important to note that strictly speaking the contents of the digestive tract and the air within the lungs are outside the body of a mammal.
MEDICAL TREATMENT & DRUGS
The treatment goals for radiation sickness are to prevent further radioactive contamination, treat damaged organs, reduce symptoms, and manage pain.
DECONTAMINATION
Decontamination is the removal of as much external radioactive particles as possible. Removing clothing and shoes eliminates about 90 percent of external contamination. Gently washing with water and soap removes additional radiation particles from the skin. Decontamination prevents further distribution of radioactive materials and lowers the risk of internal contamination from inhalation, ingestion or open wounds.
TREATMENT FOR DAMAGED BONE MARROW
A protein called granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, which promotes the growth of white blood cells, may counter the effect of radiation sickness on bone marrow. Treatment with this protein-based medication, which includes filgrastim (Neupogen) and pegfilgrastim (Neulasta), may increase white blood cell production and help prevent subsequent infections.
If you have severe damage to bone marrow, you may also receive transfusions of red blood cells or blood platelets.
TREATMENT FOR INTERNAL CONTAMINATION
Some treatments may reduce damage to internal organs caused by radioactive particles. Medical personnel would use these treatments only if you have been exposed to a specific type of radiation. These treatments include the following:
- Potassium iodide is a non-radioactive form of iodine. Because iodine is essential for proper thyroid function, the thyroid becomes a "destination" for iodine in the body. If you have internal contamination with radioactive iodine (radioiodine), your thyroid will absorb radioiodine just as it would other forms of iodine. Treatment with potassium iodide may fill "vacancies" in the thyroid and prevent absorption of radioiodine. The radioiodine is eventually cleared from the body in urine.
- Prussian blue, a type of dye, binds to particles of radioactive elements known as cesium and thallium. The radioactive particles are then excreted in feces. This treatment speeds up the elimination of the radioactive particles and reduces the amount of radiation cells may absorb.
- Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) is a substance that binds to metals. DTPA binds to particles of the radioactive elements plutonium, americium and curium. The radioactive particles pass out of the body in urine, thereby reducing the amount of radiation absorbed.
SUPPORTIVE TREATMENT
If you have radiation sickness, you may receive additional medications or interventions to treat:
- Bacterial infections.
- Headache.
- Fever.
- Diarrhea.
- Nausea & vomiting.
- Dehydration.
END-OF-LIFE CARE
A person who has absorbed large doses of radiation (8 Gy or greater) has little chance of recovery. Depending of the severity of illness, death can occur within two days or two to three weeks. People with a lethal radiation dose will receive medications to control pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. They may also benefit from psychological or pastoral care.
CONSIDERATIONS
As technology improves and ore becomes known about how cells work, the part that radiation therapy has to play in cancer treatment has been reduced. Radiation exposure is also more carefully monitored than it was in the past.
A study conducted at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey in Newark showed that rats given orange juice before exposure to low-level radiation (1 to 50 rems) suffered 2 times less damage than rats given water before exposure.
HERBAL & HOLISTIC RECOMMENDATIONS
HERBS
The herb Chaparral helps protect against harmful radiation. Caution: Do not use this herb on a regular basis, and do not take it daily for longer than one week. Long-term use may be harmful to the liver.
RECOMMENDATIONS
DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS
Include apples in the diet. Apples are a good source of pectin, which binds with radioactive particles. Pectin is also available in supplement form.
Eat plenty of cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage and cauliflower.
Include in the diet, soured milk products such as yogurt, buttermilk and kefir. These contain the Lactobacillus bacteria that protect the gastrointestinal tract. They have also been found to protect against radiation.
Eliminate from the diet all dairy products, except for yogurt and soured products. Milk and dairy products are major sources of dietary Sr-90 in the United States.
Supplement your diet with pectin, found in apples, sunflower seeds, and kelp. Kelp is an iodine-rich food. The element sodium alginate, which is also found in seaweed, acts as a chelating agent. It protects the body from the harmful effects of radiation by binding to the radioactive elements, and then excreting them from the body. Pectin binds Sr-90.
Eat buckwheat, which is high in rutin, a bioflavonoid that protects against the effects of radiation.
Consume avocados, lemons, and cold-pressed safflower and olive oils. These supply essential fatty acids.
Drink plenty of distilled or quality water.
LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS
Avoid x-rays unless absolutely necessary.
If you use a cellular telephone, guard against possible contamination by purchasing an earpiece or phone guard. Use the phone only for short calls and only when needed.
No link between brain cancer and cell phone use and illness has yet been proved, but it makes sense to be cautious. The electromagnetic waves from a cell phone are supposed to meet government guidelines, but this is uncharted territory. It is best to err on the side of caution. There are numerous products on the market that contain an earpiece and attached microphone that allow you to keep the telephone itself some distance from your body.
If you use a computer and sit in front of a monitor all day, use a radiation/glare filter screen. Monitors are much better than they used to be, but it is wise to be cautious.
Have your home tested for radon. This is a radioactive gas that occurs naturally in the soil in some places. It has no smell. The biggest danger is from exposure to radon inside the home, where the gas can accumulate and escape detection. People who smoke are at even greater risk from the damaging effects radon has on the lungs. Radon detection kits are available in most hardware stores and home centers. They may also be available from your local department of health and some drugstores.
If there is a chance you might be pregnant, do not let your health care provider or dentist do any x-ray testing. Women exposed to x-rays in the first 3 to 5 weeks of pregnancy are at a higher risk of having a miscarriage or delivery a baby with birth defects. Exposure between the 8th and the 15th week can cause the baby to suffer brain damage. Childhood leukemia can occur if the fetus is exposed to x-rays during the first trimester of pregnancy.
NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
The following nutrients are important for healing once appropriate local treatment has been administered. Unless otherwise specified, the following recommended doses are for those over the age of 18. For a child between 12 and 17 years old, reduce the dose to 3/4 the recommended amount. For a child between 6 and 12 years old, use 1/2 the recommended dose, and for a child under 6, use 1/4 the recommended amount.
NUTRIENTS Supplement Suggested Dosage Comments Calcium 1,500-2,000 mg daily. To help prevent the body from absorbing radioactive materials.
Calcium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 700 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.,
Liquid Calcium W/ConcenTrace, Orange Vanilla, Trace Minerals, 1000 mg, 32 fl. oz.,
Cal-Mag Pre-Chelated Calcium & Magnesium, Vital Earth, 240 GelcapsMagnesium 750-1,000 mg daily. To help prevent the body from absorbing radioactive materials. Helps uptake of calcium.
Magnesium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 350 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.,
Just An Ounce Calcium & Magnesium Liquid, Almond Flavor, 16 fl. oz.,
Calcium & Magnesium Mineral Complex, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 500 mg / 250 mg, 250 CapsApple Pectin As directed on label. Binds with Sr-90 and removes it from the body. Binds with toxins and heavy metals to remove them from the body. Coenzyme Q-10 100 mg daily. Protects the body from harmful radiation.
CoQ10, Vegetarian Coenzyme, NOW Foods, 30 mg, 60 VCaps,
CoQ10, Now Foods, 400 mg, 60 SoftgelsCoenzyme A As directed on label. Works with CoQ10 to support the immune system and detoxify the bloodstream.
Pantethine (Coenzyme A Precursor), Highly Active Form of Vitamin B-5, 300 mg, NOW Foods, 60 SoftgelsL-Cysteine
And
L-Glutathione
And
L-Methionine500 mg each 3 times daily, on an empty stomach. Take with water or juice. Do not take with milk. Take with 50 mg vitamin B-6 and 100 mg vitamin C for better absorption. To detoxify harmful substances and protect against the harmful effects of radiation.
L-Cysteine Structural Support W/ Vitamin B-6 & C, Vegetarian, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 Caps,
L-Methionine, 500 mg, Plus B-6, 10 mg, 100 Caps,
L-Glutathione, 250 mg, 60 CapsKelp 1,000-1,500 mg daily. Protects against radiation. Take kelp in tablet form or eat sea vegetables.
Kelp Supplement, Nature's Way, Certified, 650 mg, 100 Capsules,
Kelp Seaweed, Norwegian, NOW Foods, 100% Natural, 550 mg, 250 CapsGarlic (Kyolic) 2 tablets 3 times daily. Stimulates and protects the immune system.
Aged Garlic Extract, Cardiovascular Formula 100, Wakunaga Kyolic Supplements, 300 Caps,
Kyolic Liquid Aged Garlic Extract, Cardiovascular, Vegetarian, Wakunaga Kyolic, 4 fl. oz.,
Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract, One Per Day, Vegetarian, Wakunaga Kyolic, 1,000 mg, 30 Caplets,Grape Seed Extract As directed on label. A Powerful antioxidant.
Grape Seed (Grapeseed) (Vitus vinifera), 100% Pure, NOW Foods, 16 fl. oz.Oxy-5000 Forte As directed on label. This antioxidant is high in superoxide dismutase (SOD), a powerful antioxidant. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) As directed on label. Destroys free radicals. Consider injections (under a health care provider's supervision).
GliSODin Antioxidant Catalyst, NOW Foods, 100 mg, 90 VCaps,Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) As directed on label. A powerful antioxidant that protects against free radical formation and radiation.
GliSODin Antioxidant Catalyst, NOW Foods, 100 mg, 90 VCaps,Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B-5) 200 mg before and after x-ray exposure; 50 mg daily thereafter. Protects against the harmful effects of radiation.
Pantothenic Acid, 100% Natural Vitamin B-5, Nature's Way, 250 mg, 100 CapsSelenium 200 mcg daily. Do not exceed this amount. If you are pregnant, do not exceed 40 mcg daily. A free radical scavenger that protects against cancer.
Selenium Supplement, Yeast Free, NOW Foods, 200 mcg, 180 Caps,
Selenium Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 50 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.,
Ionic Selenium, 300 mcg, 2 fl. oz., Trace Minerals,
Selenium, 100% Natural, 200 mcg, 100 CapsVitamin C With Bioflavonoids 5,000-20,000 mg daily, in divided doses. See Ascorbic Acid Flush A powerful free radical scavenger. A vitamin C complex that contains 200 mg of rutin per capsule is recommended.
Vitamin C Liquid w/ Rose Hips & Bioflavonoids (With Rutin), Kosher, Natural Citrus Flavor, Dynamic Health, 1000 mg, 16 fl. oz.,
Ester C With Bioflavonoids, Nature's Way, 1000 mg, 90 Tabs,
Vitamin C 1000 With Bioflavonoids, Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 1000 mg, 250 VCaps,
The Right C, Nature's Way, 1000 mg, 120 Tabs,Plus
Brewer's YeastAs directed on label. A natural source of pantothenic acid, as well as the other B Vitamins.
Brewer's Yeast, Debittered, NOW Foods, 1 lb.,
Brewer's Yeast, NOW Foods, 650 mg, 200 TabsLecithin Granules
Or
Capsules1 tablespoon 3 times daily, before meals.
1,200 mg 3 times daily, before meals.Protects cell membranes from radiation.
Lecithin Vegetarian Granules, NOW Foods, 97% Phosphatides, Identity Preserved Non-GE, 1 lb,
Lecithin Liquid, NOW Foods, Vegetarian, 16 fl. oz.,
Lecithin Concentrate, Nature's Way, 400 mg, 100 SoftGelsVitamin A 25,000 IU daily. If you are pregnant, do not exceed 10,000 IU daily. Protects and strengthens the immune system, especially in combination with vitamin E.
Vitamin A, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 10,000 IU, 100 Softgels,
Vitamin A, Fish Liver Oil, NOW Foods, 25,000 IU, 250 Softgels,
Dry Vitamin A & D, Nature's Way, 15,000 IU / 400 IU, 100 Caps,
Shark Liver Oil With Vitamin A, NOW Foods, 400 mg / 10,000 IU, 120 SoftgelsPlus
Natural Beta-Carotene
Or
Carotenoid Complex (Betatene)As directed on label. An antioxidant and precursor of vitamin A.
Beta Carotene (Natural Dunaliella Salina), Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 25,000 IU, 100 Softgels,
Multi-Carotene Antioxidant, Nature's Way, 60 SoftgelsMulti-Vitamin & Multi-Mineral Complex As directed on label. Essential to basic radiation protection. Use a high-potency formula. All nutrients are needed in balance for cellular protection, healing and tissue repair. Essential for normal cell division and function.
Super Multi-Vitamin & Multi-Mineral, Pure Vital Earth, 32 fl. oz. (98% Bio-Available for Absorption), Damage Control Master Formula, High Potency, Multi-Vitamin & Mineral, 60 Packets (30 Day Supply)Vitamin B Complex 50 mg of each B vitamin daily, with meals 3 times daily (amounts of individual vitamins in a complex will vary). Helps to protect against the harmful effects of radiation.
Ultimate B (Vitamin B Complex), Nature's Secret, 60 Tabs,
Vitamin B-100 Complex, w/ Coenzyme B-2, Nature's Way, 631 mg, 100 CapsPlus Extra
Inositol
(Vitamin B-8)100 mg daily. Helps to protect against the harmful effects of radiation.
Inositol (Vitamin B-8), 100% Natural, Pure Crystalline, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 100 CapsVitamin E Start with 200 IU daily and increase slowly to 1,000 IU daily. Protects and strengthens the immune system, especially in combination with vitamin A. Neutralizes and destroys free radicals formed by radiation, especially with vitamin C. Use d-alpha-tocopherol.
Ester E Natural Vitamin E, California Natural, 400 IU, 60 Softgels,
Vitamin E, 400 IU, 100% Natural, NOW Foods, 100 Gels,
Vitamin E-1000, NOW Foods, 1000 IU, 100 Gels,
Vitamin E, d-alpha-tocopherol, 400 IU, 100 Softgels
Raw Thyroid Glandular As directed on label. To protect and support the thyroid gland. Radioactive iodine (I-131) that can damage thyroid cells. See Gland Therapy.
Thymus Organic Glandular (Hypoallergenic), Allergy Research Group/Nutricology, 75 CapsZinc 50-80 mg daily. Do not exceed a total of 100 mg daily from all supplements. Helps increase immunity. Use zinc gluconate lozenges or OptiZinc for best absorption.
Zinc Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 100 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.,
Colloidal Silver & Zinc Lozenges, Silva Solution, 90 Lozenges,
Zinc Lozenges W/ Echinacea & Vitamin C, Nature's Way, 23 mg, 60 Lozenges,
Zinc Ionic Mineral Supplement, Fully Absorbable, 100 +/- ppm, 16 fl. oz.,
Zinc (Chelated), 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 30 mg, 100 Caps
CHEMOTHERAPY & RADIATION SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS
Information, supplements and products for the side effects of chemotherapy, a process used to kill cancer cells, radiation & environmental toxicity.
AHCC (Active Hexose Correlated Compound), Vegetarian, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 60 VCaps
NOW Foods AHCC is a rich source of polysaccharides such as beta glucan 1,3 and activated hemicellulose produced by enzymatic modification of organic medicinal mushrooms, including shiitake.Alfalfa Tincture, 2 fl. oz.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is Useful to generate energy and endurance; a tonic for the whole body, due to its highly nutritive value, including vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, C, D, E, and K as well as essential amino acids and minerals; proven to have a cholesterol lowering effect; helpful in the treatment of arthritis; used as a blood builder and blood purifier; used in the treatment of cancer as alfalfa may reduce tissue damage from radiation therapy; used in treating bleeding disorders due to its vitamin K content; as a fiber it helps to bind and eliminate carcinogens from the body; also used to treat morning sickness.Alive! Whole Food Energizer, Multi-Vitamin With Mineral, Nature's Way, 18 mg of Iron Added, 90 Tabs
Nature's Way Alive multi-vitamin with mineral is better absorbed into your blood stream because its tablets disintegrate up to 5X faster than other leading brands. No other supplement contains more life-giving nutrients than Alive, which is just the way it will make you feel.Amino 1500, Chewable Blend of 20 Amino Acids, Predigested, NOW Foods, 150 Tabs
A coenzyme for several key steps in the production of energy within each cell, and an antioxidant important in its clinical effects. It is these two properties make CoQ10 one of the best supplements available today.Astragalus Immunity Herbal Tea, 20 Tea Bags
Help maintain normal functions of the liver, lung, kidney, stomach and heart, to boost energy, defer aging, detoxify, etc. To bolster white blood cells growth, support the immune systems, and to promote the effect of other herbs, and help reduce side effect of chemotherapy and radiation.Astragalus Root Powder (Astragalus Membranaceus), 4 oz. Bulk
Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine consider astragalus root (Astragalus membranaceus) a true tonic that can strengthen debilitated patients and increase resistance to disease in general.Astragalus Root Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Astragalus root is used to stimulate the immune system and astragalus root improves adrenal gland function and digestion.Beating Cancer With Nutrition, Revised With Audio CD, By Patrick Quillin, Ph.D., R.D.
Discusses nutrients that make chemo and radiation therapy less damaging to the patient and more effective in treating cancer. These simple, safe and effective methods combine the best of science and nature to improve outcome for cancer patients.Black Cherry Concentrate, Organic, Kosher, Dynamic Health, 16 fl. oz.
Our Black Cherry Concentrate is made from Organic Cherries, is kosher, fat free and has no sugar added.Burdock Root (Arctium Lappa) Powder, 4 oz. Bulk
Burdock Root is used is traditionally used for skin disorders associated with adolescence. It is also one of the most effective herbs for cleansing the blood without the side effect of nausea.Cancer Battle Plan: 6 Strategies For Beating Cancer, By Anne E. & David Frahm
Nutritional battle plan that incorporates 6 strategies for beating cancer.Cat's Claw Bark Powder (Uncaria Tomentosa), 4 oz. Bulk
Cat's Claw Bark (Uncaria tomentosa) was reputed to be a super drug in the Andean region of South America. It has a long history of indigenous use for arthritis and rheumatism as well as other types of inflammation associated with various stomach disorders and ulcers where it was clinically shown to be effective.Cat's Claw Tea Spice System Builder, Regular, Loose Leaf, 8 oz.
Reduces inflammation in arthritis, protects the body from harmful substances, supports the body while undergoing cancer treatments, helps to boost the immune system.Cellular Therapy Support, Cancer Treatment, TheraVeda Vijay, 100 VCaps
TheraVedas Cellular Support Cancer Supplement was created to support the quality of life for cancer patients.Coenzyme Q10: All Around Nutrient For All Around Health
This Book discusses an amazing antioxidant that helps patients with heart failure, hypertension, coronary artery disease, high cholesterol levels and other diseases.CoQ10, Vegetarian Coenzyme, NOW Foods, 30 mg, 60 VCaps
A coenzyme for several key steps in the production of energy within each cell, and an antioxidant important in its clinical effects. It is these two properties make CoQ10 one of the best supplements available today.Detox Foot Pads, 10 Detox Foot Patches Per Box
BodyPure detox foot pads are very effective, 100% natural, easy to apply, and a truly unique detoxifying product.Digestive Enzymes, 750 mg, 100 Caps
Since cooking destroys many of the digestive enzymes in food, taking plant fiber-based digestive enzymes aids in digesting even the heaviest meal.EGCg Green Tea Extract, Vegetarian Formula, NOW Foods, 400 mg, 90 VCaps
Green Tea Extract contains numerous compounds, including Polyphenols and Catechins, that provide potent antioxidant benefits. One Catechin in particular, EGCg, has demonstrated extraordinary free radical quenching power in laboratory studies. In non-clinical studies, EGCg has also been shown to be protective against chemical and environmental assault on tissues and helps to support healthy cell cycle regulation.Emu Oil, Natural Skin Moisturizer, Maintenance Plus, Thunder Ridge Emu Oil Products, 4 fl. oz.
Emu Oil Natural Skin Moisturizer maintains hydration, skin integrity and elasticity and is essential for the prevention of dry skin, scaling and dermatitis which could lead to the formation of ulcers and pressure sores.Garlicin HC, Healthy Circulation Formula With Odor Free Garlic Supplement, Nature's Way, 90 Enteric-Coated Tabs
Garlicin HC garlic supplement supports cardiovascular health with the help of hawthorn, cayenne and vitamin E.Grape Seed Extract, Standardized, Nature's Way, 100 mg, 30 Caps
Nature's Way Standardized Grape Seed Extract are technically and scientifically advanced herbal product.Green Phyto Foods Vegetarian Powder, NOW Foods, 10 oz.
Green Phyto Foods is a potent vegetarian blend of 30 nutrient dense superfoods containing a variety of vitamins, minerals, fiber, chlorophyll, enzymes and herbs.How To Counteract Environmental Poisons, By Hanna Kroeger
Shows how over 40 foods, herbs and nutrients work to prevent absorption of radiation and chemicals in the body. Whether the radiation or chemical exposure is environmental, industrial or medical, this book offers effective weapons for those fighting after effects, and practical help for those looking for front line protection against future exposure.How To Prevent & Treat Cancer With Natural Medicine, By Dr. Michael Murray
Simply stated, this books provide a clear path to changing the environment within your body so that it will not support the growth of cancer.L-Cysteine Structural Support, With Vitamin B-6 & C, Vegetarian, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 Tabs
NOW L-Cysteine functions as an antioxidant and is a powerful aid to the body in protecting against radiation and pollution. Hair and skin are made up 10-14% Cystine. Cysteine is one of three sulfur-containing amino acids. This essential amino acid acts as an antioxidant, and detoxifies many harmful chemicals including those from cigarette smoke, pollution and alcohol, as well as copper and heavy toxic metals. It has been shown to help protect the cells against the effects of x-ray and nuclear radiation. Cysteine has also been found to increase hair growth by increasing the diameter of hair shafts.NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine), Selenium, Molybdenum, NOW Foods, 600 mg, 100 Caps
In order for us to utilize our protein intake in an efficient manner, an ample supply of the amino acid glutathione must be present in our cells - NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine) is essential in the formation of glutathione, as it directly impacts our ability to synthesize the proteins we ingest.Quercetin, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 VCaps
Quercetin is a naturally occurring bioflavonoid found in high concentrations in red wine, onions and green tea. Quercetin possesses powerful antioxidant properties and like other bioflavonoids, has the ability to stabilize cell membranes.Questioning Chemotherapy, A Critique of the Use of Toxic Drugs in the Treatment of Cancer, By Ralph Moss, Ph.D.
Cancer expert Dr. Moss questions whether chemotherapy is safe, effective or necessary. He gives historical background and factual information on the practice of chemotherapy, exploring treatment for breast, lung, colon, ovarian and other types of cancer.Radiation Therapy Wellness Oil, 2 fl. oz.
This oil was created for a friend that was getting radiation for breast cancer. She called after day 26 to let us know that the health care providers could not believe how well her skin looked! She told them what she was doing and the practitioner told her "good for you!". Shake before each use. Use daily and apply to areas of skin treated with radiation after exposure. For external use only, keep out of reach of children. Contains grapeseed oil and an essential oil blend of lavender, chamomile, sandalwood.Red Clover Herb, Nature's Way, 500 mg, 100 Caps
In Europe, Red Clover herb is widely cultivated and used as a salad herb and as a tonic.Regenerator Mate, TCM Formula, Balanceuticals, 100% Natural, 60 Caps
Chinese medicine uses this well-known formula to supplement the Qi, strengthen the spleen, nurture the liver, nourish the kidney, support the immune system, increase white blood cell and platelets levels, and ease side-effects of chemo and radiation.Reishi Mushroom Powder, 100% Organic, 4 oz.
Reishi is used as a tonic to help increase energy, improve digestion and sleep, strengthen resistance to disease, and regulate the immune system. It is widely used to improve the cardiovascular system, lower HDL (the 'bad' cholesterol), and reduce excess fatty acids.SAM-e, Enteric-Coated, NOW Foods, 100 mg, 30 Tabs
SAM-e was discovered in 1952 in Italy and has been researched and manufactured there. SAM-e works closely with folic acid and vitamin B-12. Methionine is used to treat depression, alcoholism, liver disease, and reduce allergies and asthma. It has been used to reduce the toxic effects of radiation. This amino acid improves healing from surgery and other wounds. Some studies suggest that Methionine may reduce withdrawal symptoms and depression from heroin, barbiturates, or amphetamines. It can also be used as an adjunct to L-dopa treatment for Parkinson's disease.Samento Extra Strength (Uncaria Tomentosa), 0.5% POA, 30 Caps.
Samento is beneficial in the treatment of a wide range of immune system related conditions; these include but are not limited to cancer, arthritis, bursitis, rheumatism, allergies, ulcers, systemic candidiasis, all forms of herpes, diabetes, lupus, chronic fatigue syndrome, intestinal disorders and HIV infection.Samento Liquid Extract (Uncaria Tomentosa), 0.5% POA, 1 fl. oz.
Beneficial in the treatment of a wide range of immune system related conditions; these include but are not limited to cancer, arthritis, bursitis, rheumatism, allergies, ulcers, systemic candidiasis, all forms of herpes, diabetes, lupus, chronic fatigue syndrome, intestinal disorders and HIV infection.Schizandra Berry Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
In the early 1980s, Chinese practitioners began researching Schizandra Berry as a treatment for hepatitis, and it is now recognized as an "adaptogen," capable of increasing the body's resistance to stress and disease. In Asia, Schizandra Berry is said to boost the immune system, balance body function, speed recovery after surgery, protect against radiation, regulate blood sugar levels and increase stamina. Use 30-60 drops in water or juice 2-3 times daily or as needed.Sea Buckthorn Seed Oil, 100% Natural, 500 mg, 60 Softgels
A rare source of vitamin E, Seabuckthorn Oil also provides other vitamins including Vitamins A, C, D, K, etc, carotenoids, flavonoids, phytosterols, amino acids, serotonin and 28 trace elements: iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, selenium, iodine, etc.The Cure For All Advanced Cancers Book, By Dr. Hulde Regehr Clark
According to the Author, Cancer Can Now Be Cured, not only the early stages, but also advanced cancer, stages four and five, including imminent death.The Cure For All Cancers Book, By Dr. Hulde Regehr Clark
We are not accustomed to thinking about a cure for cancer. We think of remission as the only possibility. But this book is not about remission. It is about a cure.Ultimate Respiratory Cleanse With Mullein, Nature's Secret, 60 Tabs
A powerful, synergistic herbal blend that will cleanse, strengthen and rejuvenate the entire respiratory system. This formula also provides unique nourishment specifically for the immune system.Very Private Intimate Moisturizer, FDA Safety Tested, 2 fl. oz.
For the most pleasurable, lasting intimacy. Eliminates vaginal dryness instantly. So natural, feels like a woman's own moisture, really protects delicate vaginal tissue.Vitamin C 1000 With Bioflavonoids, Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 1000 mg, 250 VCaps
Nature's Way Vitamin C with Bioflavonoids provides antioxidant protection for many of the body's important enzyme systems.Whole Reishi Mushroom, 4 oz.
Reishi is used as a tonic to help increase energy, improve digestion and lower HDL (the 'bad' cholesterol), and reduce excess fatty acids. Also, Reishi has been shown to prevent and treat hardening of the arteries.Wolfberry Tincture, Goji Juice Concentrate (Lycium Barbarum), 2 fl. oz.
Wolfberry (Goji) has healing benefits of nourishing and strengthening the eyes, liver, kidneys and nourishing the blood.
Herbal Remedies: Chemotherapy Side Effects Information
Herbal Remedies: Chemotherapy Side Effects Supplements, Information & Products
Herbal Remedies: Environmental Toxicity Supplements, Information & Products
Herbal Remedies: Tumor Information
Herbal Remedies: Burns Information
NOTIFY YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...
An accident or attack that causes radiation sickness would no doubt cause a lot of panic. If such an event were to occur, you should monitor radio, television or online broadcasts to learn about emergency instructions for your area. If you know you have been exposed to radiation, you should seek emergency medical care.
You are concerned you have been exposed to radiation, have undergone radiation therapy for cancer, or suspect any other radiation exposure resulting in radiation symptoms and need professional consultation.
Be sure to check your environment for Radon radiation.
You have any increase of symptoms or other signs of radiation toxicity.
You have any unexpected or unusual symptoms. Some people may have sensitivity, allergies, or other health conditions which would prevent them from using certain treatments or therapies.
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