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DESCRIPTION
A fever is an elevation in body temperature. Fever is not a disease, but a symptom that may indicate the presence of disease.
Normal body temperature ranges from 97°F to 99°F. Average normal body temperature is 98.6°F (37°C) orally. It varies from individual to individual. Rectal temperature is usually about 1°F higher than oral temperature, and body temperature varies in the course of the day. It usually varies during the day from a low of 97.4°F (36.33°C) in the morning to a high of 99.6°F (37.56°C)in the late afternoon. Women have a higher temperature after ovulation than before ovulation. Exercising, wearing too many clothes, taking a hot bath, or being out in hot weather can cause an increase in your temperature.
Fever is the body's normal reaction to infection and other conditions, both minor and serious. Often the importance of a fever can only be determined when other symptoms are evaluated. Fever causes the immune system to increase the production of white blood cells and other substances that help fight infection. One should not have undue concern unless the body temperature rises above 102°F (38.89°C) in adults or 103°F (39.44°C) in children. Most healthy children and adults can tolerate a fever as high as 103°F (39.44°C) to 104°F (40°C) for short periods of time without problems. In fact, running a temperature is often helpful to the body. This defense mechanism of the body acts to destroy harmful microbes. A part of the brain called the hypothalamus regulates body temperature by regulating heat loss, mainly from the skin. When destructive microbes or tumor cells invade the body, the immune cells rushing to fight them release proteins that tell the hypothalamus to raise the temperature. Moderate temperatures (under 103°F for adults) encourage the body to manufacture more immune cells.
There are some situations, however, in which fever can cause problems. A high fever (104°F or higher) may pose a risk for people with cardiac problems, since it makes the heart beat faster and work harder, and can cause irregular heart rhythms, chest pain, or a heart attack. Very high fever during the first trimester of pregnancy can cause birth defects. Fever over 106°F, especially for prolonged periods, can cause dehydration and brain injury. Fever can also cause discomfort.
In most cases, the illness that caused the fever will clear up in a few days. You usually can treat the fever at home if you:
- Are in good health without any medical problems.
- Do not have other significant symptoms with the fever.
- Are taking in enough food and fluids.
- Are urinating normal amounts.
- Seem to be improving.
Rectal temperatures are the most accurate, especially in young children. Older children and adults usually take oral temperatures. Temperatures in this topic are oral temperatures. Ear probe thermometers are used often but are generally less accurate. Temperature color strips on the skin are not accurate and should not be used to measure a fever.
FEVER, INFANT TO AGE 3
Fever is the body's normal and healthy reaction to infection and other illnesses, both minor and serious. Most fevers help the body fight infection. Fever is a symptom, not a disease. In most cases, fever means your child has a minor illness. Often you must look at your child's other symptoms to determine how serious the illness is. Most infections with a fever are caused by viruses.
The average normal body temperature is 98.6°F (37°C) orally. It usually changes during the day from a low of 97.4°F (36.33°C) in the morning to a high of 99.6°F (37.56°C) in the late afternoon. Every individual child has a normal temperature range that may be different from any other child. Mild increases [100.4°F (38°C)] can be caused by wearing too many clothes, taking a hot bath, or being out in hot weather.
A child has a fever when his or her temperature is 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, measured rectally. Rectal temperatures are the most accurate for checking a fever in a young child. Oral temperatures read about 1°F (0.5°C) lower than rectal temperatures. All temperature guidelines listed in this topic are rectal. Other ways to measure temperature, such as ear probe thermometers, forehead temperature strips, or pacifier thermometers, may not be as reliable or accurate. For information about taking accurate temperatures in infants and children, see the topic Body Temperature.
Most children with a fever will be fussy, play less, and may not eat as much as usual. High fevers are not comfortable, but they rarely cause serious problems.
In children, fevers can be caused by viral infections such as colds, flu, and chickenpox. It is not unusual for a preschool-aged child to have 7 to 10 viral infections in a year. Each new viral infection may cause a fever. It may seem that a fever is ongoing, but if 48 hours passes between fevers, then the new fever is most likely from a new illness. Fevers can occur after immunizations. Teething does not cause a fever. If a baby is teething and has a fever, other symptoms may be present and need to be evaluated.
The degree of fever may not indicate how serious the illness is. With a minor illness, such as a cold, a child may have a temperature of 104°F (40°C). A very serious infection may cause little or no fever. It is important to look for other symptoms along with the fever. A fever without other symptoms that lasts 3 to 4 days, comes and goes, and gradually reduces over time is usually not a cause for concern.
Children tend to run higher fevers than adults. There is no medical evidence that fevers from infection can cause brain damage. The body limits a fever caused by infection from going above 106°F (41.11°C). However, when the body's temperature goes up because of heat - such as from being in a car parked in the sun - the temperature of the body can go above 107°F (41.67°C)and brain damage can occur.
A fever that increases quickly may lead to a febrile seizure in some children.
FEVER, AGE 4 TO ADULT
To determine if a fever is present, an accurate body temperature is needed. Medical research has not determined an exact correlation between an oral, rectal, ear (tympanic), or armpit (axillary) temperature measurement. Generally, the correlation of temperature results are as follows:
The average normal oral temperature is 98.6°F (37°C). An oral temperature is 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) lower than a rectal or ear (tympanic) temperature. A rectal temperature is 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) higher than an oral temperature. An ear (tympanic) temperature is 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) higher than an oral temperature. An armpit (axillary) temperature is usually 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) lower than an oral temperature.
It is important to remember:
Rectal temperatures are generally thought to be the most accurate for checking a young child's temperature.
The manufacturer of the temperature device you use, such as a tympanic thermometer, provides information on how to use it. Be sure to read and follow the instructions to obtain an accurate temperature. The information may also include how the results of the device correlate with other temperature method results.
Plastic strip thermometers have some uses, but they are not recommended for general home use. Unlike oral, rectal, and ear thermometers, plastic strip thermometers measure skin temperature, not body temperature.
When you talk with your health care provider about your temperature, be sure to say what method was used to take the temperature.
TEMPERATURE COMPARISON TABLE
The temperature comparison table below will give you the range of temperature correlation with the different methods used to take a temperature. Rectal temperature guidelines are used in Fever, Infant to Age 3. Oral temperature guidelines are used in Fever, Age 4 to Adult.
To use the table:For example in Fever, Infant to Age 3: If your 2-year-old child's oral temperature is 101°F (38.33°C), his or her rectal or ear temperature may be about 102°F (38.89°C). Remember, a child has a fever when his or her temperature is 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, measured rectally.
- Find the method that you used to take a temperature.
- Find the correct temperature range.
For example in Fever, Age 4 to Adult: If your axillary temperature is 100°F (37.78°C), your oral temperature is about 101°F (38.33°C).
Axillary (°F) Oral (°F) Rectal/Ear (°F) 98.4 to 99.4 99.4 to 99.9 100.4 to 100.9 100 to 101 101 to 101.5 102 to 102.5 101 to 102 102 to 102.5 103 to 103.5 102 to 103 103 to 103.5 104 to 104.5 103 to 104 104 to 104.5 105 or 105.5
Axillary (°C) Oral (°C) Rectal/Ear (°C) 36.9 to 37.4 37.4 to 37.7 38 to 38.3 37.8 to 38.3 38.3 to 38.6 38.9 to 39.2 38.3 to 38.9 38.9 to 39.2 39.4 to 39.7 38.9 to 39.7 39.4 to 39.7 40 to 40.3 39.4 to 40 40 to 40.3 40.6 to 40.8
ABOUT BODY TEMPERATURE
Body temperature is a measure of the body's ability to generate and get rid of heat. The body is very good at keeping its temperature within a narrow, safe range in spite of large variations in temperatures outside the body.
When a person is too hot, the blood vessels in the skin expand (dilate) to carry the excess heat to the skin's surface. The person may begin to sweat, and as the sweat evaporates it helps cool the body. When a person is too cold, the blood vessels contract so that blood flow to the skin is reduced to conserve body heat. The person may start shivering, which is an involuntary, rapid contraction of the muscles. This extra muscle activity helps generate more heat. Under normal conditions, these processes keep the body temperature well regulated.
A normal body temperature is usually referred to as an oral temperature of 98.6°F (37°C), but that is an average of normal body temperatures. Many healthy people normally have a temperature 1°F (0.56°C) or more above or below 98.6°F (37°C). Also, normal body temperature varies by 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) throughout the day, depending on a person's activity level, the time of day, and other variables, including, for instance, whether a woman is ovulating or having her menstrual period.
A rectal or ear (tympanic membrane) temperature reading is 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) higher than an oral temperature reading. In adults, a fever is sometimes defined as an oral temperature above 100°F (37.78°C) or a rectal or ear temperature above 101°F (38.33°C). A child has a fever when his or her rectal temperature is 100.4°F (38°C) or higher.
A fever may occur as a reaction to:
- Infection. This is a common cause of a fever. Infections may affect the whole body or a specific body part (localized infection).
- Medications such as antibiotics, narcotics, barbiturates, antihistamines, and many others. These are so-called drug fevers. Some medications, such as antibiotics, raise the body temperature directly; others, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) and phenothiazines (such as Compazine, Mellaril, or Thorazine), interfere with the body's ability to adjust its temperature when other factors cause the temperature to rise.
- Severe trauma or injury, such as a heart attack, stroke, heat exhaustion or heatstroke, or burns.
- Other medical conditions, such as arthritis, an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism), and even some cancers (such as leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and liver and lung cancer). An abnormally low body temperature (hypothermia) can be serious, even life-threatening.
- Low body temperature may occur due to cold exposure, shock, alcohol or drug use, or certain metabolic disorders, such as diabetes or an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). Oddly, a low body temperature may also occur in certain infections, particularly in newborns, older adults, or people who are frail. Certain overwhelming infections, such as Gram-negative sepsis, may also cause an abnormally low body temperature.
Body temperature is measured with a thermometer. There are several types of thermometers, each with its own advantages and disadvantages as discussed below. Thermometers for home use are calibrated in either degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or degrees Celsius (°C), depending on the custom of the region. Temperatures in the United States are often measured in degrees Fahrenheit, but the standard in most other countries is degrees Celsius.
The Body temperature is checked to:
- Detect fever, an early sign of infection.
- Detect abnormally low body temperature (hypothermia) in people who have been exposed to cold for too long.
- Help evaluate the cause of symptoms such as cough, earache, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, back pain, painful urination, weight loss, malaise, or skin rash.
- Help monitor the effectiveness of a fever-reducing medication.
- Help determine when a woman ovulates.
Preparing To Take Your Temperature:
- It is a good idea to take your temperature several times when you are feeling well. This helps establish what is normal or usual for your body temperature. Be sure to include both morning and evening readings, since body temperature typically varies by 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) throughout the day.
- Wait for at least 20 to 30 minutes after smoking, eating, or drinking a hot or cold liquid before taking your body temperature. Also wait at least an hour after vigorous exercise or a hot bath.
TAKING A TEMPERATURE
A rectal thermometer provides the most precise measure of body temperature. Keep it in place for 3 to 5 minutes. If you take your temperature orally, add about 0.7°F to the reeding. For temperatures taken under the arm, add about 1.5°F. Use a temperature digitally. It is the most accurate type of device.
TYPES OF THERMOMETERS
Several different types of thermometers are available at drugstores and medical supply stores. These include:Glass thermometer (mercury thermometer): Glass thermometers are usually filled with mercury or a red fluid. They come in two types: oral (with a thin bulb tip) and rectal (with a thicker tip). A rectal thermometer can be used in the mouth after it is carefully cleaned, but oral thermometers should not be used in the rectum, since the thinner tip may break. Temperatures measured in the rectum are the closest measurement of a person's internal body temperature and are thought to be the most accurate.
Glass thermometers are accurate and inexpensive and are generally recommended for home use. However, glass thermometers can break easily and, if broken, the mercury and broken glass can be dangerous.
Digital thermometer: Electronic oral thermometers with digital visual displays are now available. A digital thermometer is plastic, flat, and shaped roughly like a glass thermometer, with a display window at one end and the thermometer probe at the other end. It can be used in the mouth, rectum, or armpit.
You do not need to shake down a digital thermometer before use; simply turn it on. The temperature reading shows up in a window display (much like a digital wristwatch). Turning it off clears the display. Some models give a series of short beeps when the reading is done. Some have a memory feature that records the last temperature taken. Some types also come with a disposable sheath or probe cover, intended to reduce the spread of infection from one person to another. Do not use the sheath to take a child's temperature, because it could come off in the child's mouth and the child could choke. Even if you use a sheath, you still need to clean the thermometer.
An electronic digital thermometer is quick and easy to use, easy to read, and accurate. However, a digital thermometer requires batteries and is more expensive than a glass thermometer. If you buy a digital thermometer, check the package for information about its accuracy. A good home thermometer should be accurate within at least 0.2°F (0.11°C). Some claim to be accurate within 0.02°F (0.01°C), but these may be more expensive.
Ear thermometer (tympanic membrane thermometer or infrared thermometer): An ear thermometer uses an infrared sensor to measure body temperature. The small cone-shaped end of the thermometer is inserted into the ear canal, where the eardrum (tympanic membrane) and surrounding tissues give off heat. The thermometer converts this heat to a body temperature reading and displays it on a digital display screen. The results appear within seconds. Some models display oral and rectal equivalents of the reading.
Ear thermometers are easy to use in small children, but they may be less accurate than a glass or digital thermometer used in the rectum. Ear thermometers are more expensive than glass and digital thermometers.
An ear temperature reading can be less accurate in children younger than 2 years because of the small size of the ear canal. Also, wax in the ear canal, fluid behind the eardrum (otitis media), or not placing the thermometer snugly in the ear canal may affect the accuracy of an ear temperature reading.
An ear thermometer should come with a warranty and should meet the same accuracy standards as for digital thermometers: within at least 0.2°F (0.11°C).
Plastic strip thermometer (forehead thermometer or fever strips) and pacifier thermometer: Plastic strip thermometers are designed to be used only once and then discarded. They contain a heat-sensitive liquid crystal that changes color to indicate the skin temperature. The plastic strip is placed on the forehead and then read after 1 minute (while the strip is still on the forehead).
Plastic strip thermometers have some uses, but they are not recommended for general home use. Unlike oral, rectal, and ear thermometers, plastic strip thermometers measure skin temperature, not body temperature. The results obtained from a plastic strip thermometer can be affected by blushing or sweating, by holding the strip with cold hands, or by the air temperature in the room. However, the strips are quick to use and easier to read than glass thermometers. They can be left in place for continuous monitoring.
If a plastic strip thermometer shows a high temperature, you should recheck the temperature with another type of thermometer. In one study, plastic strip thermometers missed more than 20% of fevers. In some strips, the colors may be hard to read.
A pacifier thermometer is another form of liquid crystal thermometer, for use with babies. A baby (3 months to 2 years old) sucks on a pacifier with a thermometer built in, and a digital display on the pacifier indicates the baby's body temperature. If you use this kind of thermometer, closely follow the instructions. You should still take the baby's temperature with a rectal thermometer for infants younger than 3 months or whenever a child's fever rises higher than 102°F (38.89°C).
TAKING YOUR TEMPERATURE:
Glass Thermometer: The following steps will help you prepare a glass thermometer for use.Clean the thermometer with rubbing alcohol or cool soapy water (hot water may break it). Grip the end of thermometer opposite the end that has the bulb. Shake the thermometer vigorously, as though trying to shake drops of water off the tip of the thermometer. Hold the thermometer tightly to avoid accidentally throwing the thermometer. Shake it down until it reads 95°F (35°C) or less.
Digital & Ear (Tympanic Membrane) Thermometers: Digital and ear thermometers may need to be cleaned and prepared for use. They do not have to be shaken to lower the reading before use. Follow the instructions that come with the thermometer regarding preparation, cleaning, use, and care of the thermometer.The steps can be followed when using a ear thermometer. However, since ear thermometers vary from model to model, it is important to follow the instructions for your specific model.
- Check that the probe is clean and free from debris. If dirty, wipe the probe cover gently with a clean cloth. Do not immerse the thermometer in water.
- To keep the probe clean, a disposable probe cover should be used. Attach the disposable cover to the probe.
- Turn the thermometer on.
- In infants younger than 12 months, pull the earlobe down and back (this will help ensure that the probe is placed snugly in the ear canal). Center the probe tip in the ear and push gently inward toward the eardrum.
- In children older than 12 months and in adults, pull the earlobe up and back. Center the probe tip in the ear and push gently inward toward the eardrum.
- Press the activation button to display the temperature reading.
- Throw away the used probe cover. Use a new probe cover each time you take an ear temperature.
When using a glass or a digital thermometer, temperature can be measured in three parts of your body:
Mouth (Orally): This is the most common method for taking a temperature. It requires the person to breathe through the nose. If this is impossible because of a stuffy nose or lack of cooperation, try the rectum or armpit.
- Place the thermometer under the tongue, just to one side of the center, and close your lips tightly around it.
- Leave the thermometer in the mouth for a full 3 minutes. Time yourself with a clock or watch. If left in for only 2 minutes, nearly a third of temperature readings are off by at least 0.5°F (0.28°C).
- Remove the thermometer and read it (see below, How to read a glass thermometer).
- Clean the thermometer with cool soapy water and rinse it off before you put it away.
Rectum: This is the most accurate location to measure body temperature. It is recommended for infants, small children, and people who are unable to hold a thermometer safely in their mouth. It is also used in any situation when getting the most accurate measurement is essential.
- Put petroleum jelly (such as Vaseline) or lubricant jelly on the bulb of the thermometer so that you can insert it easily.
- When measuring the temperature of infants or small children, turn the child face down on your lap or on a flat covered or padded surface, such as a bed. Choose a quiet place so that the child won't be distracted or move around too much.
- Spread the child's buttocks with one hand and gently insert the bulb end of the rectal thermometer about 0.5 in. (1.27 cm) to 1 in. (2.54 cm) into the anal canal with your other hand. Don't force it into the rectum. Hold the thermometer in place with two fingers close to the anal opening (not near the end of the thermometer). Pressing the child's buttocks together will help keep the thermometer in place.
- Time yourself with a watch or clock. After 3 minutes, remove the thermometer and read it. A rectal temperature reading is 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) higher than an oral temperature reading.
- Clean the thermometer with cool soapy water and rinse it off before you put it away.
Armpit (axillary): Taking a temperature under the armpit is the least accurate way to measure body temperature using a glass or digital thermometer.
- Wipe the armpit dry and place the thermometer in it with the bulb in the center of the armpit.
- Press the arm against the body for a full 5 minutes. (Use a clock or watch to track the time.)
- Remove the thermometer and read it (see below, How to read a glass thermometer). An armpit temperature reading is 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) lower than an oral temperature reading.
- Clean the thermometer with cool soapy water and rinse it off before you put it away.
How to read a glass thermometer: Thermometers for home use are calibrated in either degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or degrees Celsius (°C), depending on the custom of the region.
- Grip the thermometer at the end opposite the bulb and hold it in good light so that the degree lines are facing you.
- Roll the thermometer slowly back and forth between your fingers until you see the silver or red reflection of the column of mercury or liquid.
- See where the reflected column ends and compare it with the degrees marked in lines on the thermometer. Begin by noting the first long line immediately to the left of where the mercury stopped. This long line will tell you the full degree. Then count the number of short lines to the end of the mercury column. On a thermometer marked in degrees Fahrenheit, each short line counts as an additional 0.2 (two-tenths) degree. On a thermometer marked in degrees Celsius, each short line counts as an additional 0.1 (one-tenth) degree.
- Most thermometers have a special mark, usually an arrow, indicating a "normal" temperature of 98.6°F (37°C).
USING A GLASS THERMOMETER
Roll the thermometer until you can see the thin ribbon of mercury.
Note that the thermometer is marked from 92°F (33.33°C) to 108°F (42.22°C).
Each large mark indicates one degree of temperature.
Each small mark indicates 0.2°F (0.1°C).
How It Feels:
Taking your temperature with a glass or digital thermometer by mouth is only mildly uncomfortable, since you must keep your mouth closed and breathe through your nose for 3 minutes. Taking a temperature rectally can be slightly uncomfortable but should not be painful.
Taking your temperature with an ear thermometer (tympanic membrane thermometer) causes little or no discomfort. It is not inserted very far into the ear and it provides a reading in only a few seconds. For this reason, the ear thermometer is widely used in health care provider's offices and hospitals. However, it may be less accurate than glass or digital thermometers.
Taking your temperature with a plastic strip thermometer feels like having an adhesive strip (such as a Band-Aid) on your forehead. Although it causes very little discomfort, it is not as reliable as other methods, so another kind of thermometer should be used if the plastic strip shows an abnormal temperature.
Risks:
If you shake or drop a glass thermometer on a hard surface, it may break and scatter broken glass and mercury.
When taking a temperature rectally, inserting the thermometer into the rectum more than 0.5 in. (1.27 cm) to 1 in. (2.54 cm) can be painful and may damage rectal tissues.
Results: Rectal and ear (tympanic membrane) temperatures normally run about 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) higher than an oral temperature, while an armpit temperature is usually about 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) lower than an oral temperature. If your oral temperature is 99°F (37.22°C), your rectal or ear temperature may be about 100°F (37.78°C) and your armpit temperature about 98°F (36.67°C). When you tell your health care provider about your temperature measurement, be sure to mention whether it was taken in the mouth, rectum, armpit, or ear.
Body temperature
Normal: The average normal temperature is 98.6°F (37°C). But "normal" varies from person to person. Your temperature will also vary throughout the day, usually being lowest in the early morning and rising by 0.5°F (0.28°C) to 1°F (0.56°C) in the early evening. Your temperature may also rise by 1°F (0.56°C) or more if you exercise on a hot day. In women, body temperature typically varies by 1°F (0.56°C) or more through the menstrual cycle, peaking around the time of ovulation.
Abnormal: If your recorded oral temperature is 100°F (37.78°C) or your rectal or ear temperature is 101°F (38.33°C), you have a fever.
A child has a fever when his or her rectal temperature is 100.4°F (38°C) or higher.
If your recorded rectal or ear temperature is less than 97°F (36.11°C), you have an abnormally low body temperature (hypothermia). If your rectal or ear temperature is 95°F (35°C) or lower, call a health professional immediately.
When you have a fever, keeping a daily record of your own temperature with multiple recordings will help you and your health care provider determine what is causing the fever and how it can be treated. The pattern of a fever can help suggest the reason for the body's increased temperature. For example, a fever that stays high for several days may indicate a flu or pneumonia. A temperature that rises and falls within a day may suggest an infection in a specific body part (abscess). A fever that comes and goes every few days may suggest certain kinds of infection, such as malaria.
In most healthy people, a temperature below 103°F (39.44°C) does not in itself require treatment other than drinking plenty of fluids to replace losses from evaporation. Taking acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) or ibuprofen (such as Advil or Motrin) may help you feel more comfortable. Do not give aspirin to anyone under the age of 20. Use of aspirin in people under age 20 has been associated with a serious condition called Reye's syndrome.
In most instances, a fever can be considered a part of your body's natural defense against infection. However, in some circumstances you may need to call a health professional about a high fever.
What Affects the Test
Inaccurate temperature readings can be caused by:
- Using a glass thermometer that has not been shaken down.
- Not keeping the mouth closed around the thermometer when taking a temperature orally.
- Not leaving a thermometer in place long enough before reading it.
- Not putting the proper thermometer in the right place.
- Not following the instructions for proper use that come with the thermometer.
- Taking an oral temperature within 20 minutes after smoking or drinking a hot or cold liquid.
- Taking a temperature by any method within an hour of exercising vigorously or taking a hot bath.
Keep In Mind: Body temperature is one of the basic ways of monitoring your health. These basic measurements are called your vital signs. Besides temperature, they include pulse, breathing rate (respiration), and blood pressure.
If you know (by taking your body temperature several times when you are not sick) that your normal body temperature is consistently below the average oral temperature of 98.6°F (37°C), a high fever may be more significant for you than for other people.
A fever can be uncomfortable. To treat the discomfort of a fever, wear light clothing and use light blankets or other bedding. Drink cool liquids. A bath or shower with lukewarm (not cool) water can lower body temperature. Cool or cold water can cause shivering and can cause the blood vessels near the skin to contract, which will raise the body temperature further.
Fever-reducing medications can lower body temperature. Unless a fever is high enough to call a health care provider, fever-reducing medication is not necessary but may help make a person more comfortable. When a fever causes discomfort, use acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) or ibuprofen (such as Advil or Motrin). Aspirin reduces fever, but do not give aspirin to anyone younger than age 20 because of the risk of Reye's syndrome.
When reading medical information that contains body temperatures, note whether a body temperature is listed as an oral or rectal temperature. Many books and other information about children's health list all body temperatures as rectal temperatures, because this method is preferred for measuring body temperature in a young child. If a body temperature is listed but neither oral nor rectal is specified, you may assume it is an oral temperature.
FREQUENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
FEVER, INFANT TO AGE 3
Check Your Symptoms:
Note: All temperature guidelines listed in this topic are rectal temperatures. A child has a fever when his or her temperature is 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, measured rectally.
If you answer yes to any of the following questions, see a health professional for evaluation.
- Does your child have a fever and any signs of a serious infection? Signs include:
- Severe headache, neck pain or stiffness, and fussiness.
- Being very sleepy or hard to wake up.
- Acting confused or struggling with you for no reason.
- A bulging soft spot on an infant's head (when the baby is not crying).
- Does your child have a fever and breathing problems? Breathing problems include:
- Mild difficulty breathing.
- Drooling and not wanting to swallow.
- Does your child have a fever and moderate to severe pain?
EVALUATING PAIN IN A YOUNG CHILD
When a young child is in pain, his or her parents usually know it. However, pain can be difficult for a young child to describe. An older child may be able to describe the pain as sharp or cramping or tell whether the pain comes and goes (intermittent). When a young child is in pain, the signs sometimes can be hard to recognize. Watch for changes in how your child acts.
The signs listed below may help you decide if your child's pain is mild, moderate, or severe. A child with severe pain will have more of these behaviors, the behaviors will be more constant, and you will be less able to comfort the child. Look for:
- Changes in usual behavior. Your child may eat less or become fussy or restless.
- Crying, grunting, or breath-holding.
- Crying that cannot be comforted.
- Facial expressions, such as a furrowed brow, a wrinkled forehead, closed eyes, or an angry appearance.
- Sleep changes, such as waking often or sleeping more or less than usual. Even children in severe pain may take short naps because they are so tired.
- Body movements, such as making fists, guarding a part of the body (especially while walking), kicking, clinging to whoever holds him or her, or not moving.
- A child between the ages of 18 months and 3 years may complain of pain or tell you he or she is not feeling well.
- Does your child have a rectal temperature of 105°F (40.56°C) or higher?
- Does your child have a fever and signs of a joint infection, such as new swelling, severe pain, sudden redness, or warm to the touch in or around a joint?
- Does your child have a fever and a new skin problem? Skin problems include:
- New, tiny purple or red spots (petechiae).
- Recent onset of bruises (purpura) without having an injury.
- A skin infection (cellulitis).
- Does your baby younger than 3 months have a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher?
- Does your child age 3 months to 3 years have a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) to 105°F (40.56°C)?
- Does your child have a fever and signs of mild to moderate dehydration?
- Did your child's fever begin after taking a medication?
- Does your child age 3 months to 3 years have ongoing or frequent fevers?
- Does your child have a fever with other symptoms? If so, see the following symptoms for evaluation:
- Vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain.
- Upper respiratory system or lung problems.
- Ear pain (babies may pull at painful ears).
- Painful urination or signs of a urinary tract infection.
- Unexplained skin rash.
- Joint pain.
- Injury to the skin and signs of a skin infection (cellulitis).
- Swollen glands and sore throat.
- Tooth pain.
- Recent immunizations.
- Recent heat exposure.
- Exposure to a contagious disease.
If a child has a febrile seizure that lasts less than 5 minutes, see Fever Seizures for more information.
If a visit to a health professional is not needed immediately, home treatment suggestions and recommendations below for self-care information.
FEVER, AGE 4 TO ADULT
Check Your Symptoms: Note: Temperatures in this topic are oral temperatures. Be sure to take your temperature before answering the following questions. For information on how to take an accurate temperature, see above about "Body Temperature".
- Do you have a fever and any signs of a serious infection? Signs include:
- Severe headache with a stiff neck.
- Mental changes, such as mild confusion, increased fussiness, or decreased alertness (lethargy).
- Shaking chills.
- Do you have a fever and any breathing problems? Breathing problems include:
- Very rapid breathing.
- Mild to moderate difficulty breathing.
- Drooling and not being able to swallow, or a sore throat with hoarse or muffled voice, or a feeling of swelling in the throat.
- Do you have a fever and a new skin problem? Skin problems include:
- New, tiny purple or red spots (petechiae).
- A recent onset of bruises (purpura) without having an injury.
- A skin infection (cellulitis).
- A sunburn-like rash (toxic shock syndrome, TSS) that starts 2 days after a high fever [over 102°F (38.89°C)].
- Do you have a fever and signs of a joint infection, such as new swelling, severe pain, sudden redness, or warmth in or around a joint?
- Do you have a fever of 104°F (40°C) or higher?
- Do you have a fever of 100°F (37.78°C) to 104°F (40°C)?
- Do you have a fever and symptoms of mild to moderate dehydration?
- Did your fever begin after taking a medication or receiving an immunization?
A careful evaluation of your health may help you identify other symptoms that are related to the fever. Remember, fever is only a symptom, not a disease, and often the importance of a fever can only be determined when other symptoms are evaluated. Do you have any of the following symptoms or problems:
- Exposure to a contagious respiratory illness, such as influenza (flu), or have respiratory symptoms, such as a runny nose, shortness of breath and cough, or nasal drainage.
- Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
- Unusual lower abdominal pain (pelvic pain) or abnormal vaginal discharge.
- Pain or burning when you urinate, especially if you also have flank pain.
- Pain over the eyes or cheekbone.
- An injury to the skin and signs of a skin infection (cellulitis).
- One or more red, swollen, warm, and painful joints.
- A skin rash.
- Swollen glands.
- Ear problems.
- A sore throat.
- A recent insect or tick bite.
- A heat-related illness.
- A sunburn.
- Exposure to a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
If a visit to a health professional is not needed immediately, see home treatment recommendations and suggestions for self-care information.
RISKS
FEVER, INFANT TO AGE 3
Many conditions, diseases, medications, and lifestyle choices interfere with the ability to heal or fight infection. Your child may be at risk for a more serious problem if he or she has any of the following. Be sure to tell your child's health care professional.
Conditions:
- Newborns up to 3 months of age. Note: A 2-month-old baby who has received the first diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DTaP or DPT) shot may have a fever up to 104°F (40°C) but may not need medical evaluation for this fever.
- Problems or conditions present since birth (congenital).
- Premature birth or delayed growth and development.
- Febrile seizure. Most children who have one febrile seizure never experience another. However, about 30% of children who have a febrile seizure will have another one, usually within a year of the first seizure. See Fever Seizure for more information.
- Travel outside the country or exposed to immigrants or non-native people.
- An animal, insect, or tick bite in the last 6 weeks.
Medications:
- Antibiotics.
- Blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin, heparin, and aspirin.
- Chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
- Corticosteroids, such as prednisone.
- Medications to prevent organ transplant rejection.
Diseases:
- Asthma.
- Cancer.
- Cystic fibrosis.
- Diabetes.
- History of seizures.
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
- Kidney disease.
- Malnutrition or an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia.
- Sickle cell.
FEVER, AGE 4 TO ADULT
Many conditions, diseases, medications, and lifestyle choices interfere with your ability to heal or fight infection. You may be at risk for a more serious problem from your symptoms if you have any of the following. Be sure to tell your health care professional.
Conditions:
- Pregnancy.
- Over age 60. Fever in older adults is more likely to mean a serious health problem.
- History of a recent head injury.
- Surgery or an invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedure within the last 2 weeks.
- Recent heat exposure.
- Recent exposure to an infection, such as an insect or tick bite in the last 6 weeks.
- Travel outside the country or been exposed to immigrants or non-native people.
- Indwelling medical devices, such as artificial joints, artificial heart valves, synthetic grafts, tubes to drain body fluids (catheters), or invasive intravenous (IV) lines.
- Received an immunization.
Lifestyle choices:
- Alcohol abuse or withdrawal.
- Drug abuse or withdrawal.
- Smoking or other tobacco use.
Medications:
- New medication (within the last 3 weeks).
- Blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin, heparin, and aspirin.
- Chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
- Corticosteroids, such as prednisone.
- Medications to prevent organ transplant rejection.
Diseases:
- Cancer.
- Diabetes.
- Gonorrhea.
- Gout.
- Hemophilia.
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
- Infectious arthritis.
- Infectious bursitis.
- Inherited bone disease.
- Kidney disease.
- Lupus.
- Lyme disease.
- Malnutrition or an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia.
- Multiple sclerosis.
- Osteoarthritis.
- Osteomyelitis.
- Osteoporosis.
- Rheumatoid arthritis.
TREATMENT
FEVER, INFANT TO AGE 3
Standard Medical Suggestions For Home Treatment:
It can be hard to know whether you should call your health care provider when your child has a fever, especially during the cold and flu season. How high the fever is may not be related to the seriousness of the illness. The way your child looks and acts is a better guide than the thermometer. Most children will be less active when they have a fever.
If your child is comfortable and alert, eating well, drinking enough fluids, urinating normal amounts, and seems to be improving, home treatment without medication is all that is needed for a fever of 100°F (37.78°C) to 102°F (38.89°C).
Encourage your child to drink extra fluids or suck on Popsicles. Your child should be urinating at least every 6 to 8 hours.
Dress your child lightly, and do not wrap him or her in blankets. Dressing lightly will help your child's body cool down.
Decreasing your child's temperature is important when the fever is causing discomfort. If the fever is higher than 102°F (38.89°C) and your child is uncomfortable:
- Try a non-prescription medication to help relieve your child's pain or fever.
- Acetaminophen, such as Tylenol or Panadol.
- Ibuprofen, such as Pediprofen or Advil.
- Do not alternate ibuprofen and acetaminophen, because of the possible risk of overdose. Studies have not shown any additional benefit by alternating these medications.
Be sure to follow these non-prescription medication precautions.
- Carefully read and follow all labels on the medication bottle and box.
- Use, but do not exceed, the maximum recommended doses.
- Do not give aspirin to anyone under age 20 unless directed to do so by your health care professional.
- Do not give the following nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) unless directed to do so by your health care professional:
- Naproxen sodium (such as Aleve) to children under age 12.
- Ketoprofen (such as Actron or Orudis) to children under age 16.
- Take your child's temperature 30 to 60 minutes after giving the medication. If the fever is 104°F (40°C) or higher, also try a sponge bath with lukewarm water. Do not use cold water, ice, or rubbing alcohol.
- Keep encouraging your child to drink extra fluids.
- Encourage quiet activities.
- Watch for signs of dehydration.
- Check your child's temperature every 2 to 4 hours to make sure home treatment is working.
Symptoms to Watch for During Home Treatment:
If one or more of the following symptoms occur during home treatment, check symptoms above to evaluate the symptoms.
- Your child's rectal temperature goes to 105°F (40.56°C) or higher.
- Home treatment measures are not reducing your child's fever.
- There is a significant decrease in your child's activity level (change in level of consciousness) or your child acts confused or struggles with you for no reason.
- Your child is not drinking enough fluids and has developed signs of dehydration.
- Your child develops pain or the pain becomes more severe.
- Your child's fever lasts longer than 72 hours.
- Your child's symptoms become more severe or frequent.
FEVER, AGE 4 TO ADULT
To prevent dehydration from a fever (see Dehydration for more information:
- Drink extra fluids, especially water. Adults should drink at least 10 glasses of liquid a day to replenish lost fluids. Children between the ages of 4 and 10 should drink at least 6 to 10 glasses.
- Watch for early signs of dehydration.
- Eat light, easily digested foods, such as soup.
For fevers that cause discomfort, try a shower or sponge bath with lukewarm (not cold) water and dress lightly. Dressing lightly will allow your body to cool down.
Try a non-prescription medication to help relieve your fever.
- Acetaminophen, such as Tylenol or Panadol.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs):
- Ibuprofen, such as Advil or Motrin.
- Naproxen, such as Aleve or Naprosyn.
- Ketoprofen, such as Actron or Orudis.
- Aspirin (also a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug).
Be sure to follow these non-prescription medication precautions.
- Use, but do not exceed, the maximum recommended doses.
- Carefully read and follow all labels on the medication bottle and box.
- If you have been told to avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, call your health care professional before taking them.
- Do not give aspirin to anyone under age 20 unless directed to do so by your health care professional.
- If you are or could be pregnant, call your health professional before using any medication.
Be sure to check your temperature every 2 to 4 hours to make sure home treatment is working.
Symptoms to Watch for During Home Treatment: If one or more of the following symptoms occur during home treatment, check the symptoms (above) to evaluate them.
- You are not as alert and awake as usual.
- You are urinating much less than usual or have other signs of dehydration and you are unable to drink enough to replace lost fluids.
- Your fever lasts longer than 4 days.
- You develop other symptoms, such as pain in one area of the body, a cough, or urinary symptoms.
- Your fever recurs more than once over 3 weeks.
- Your symptoms become more severe or frequent.
EXTRA TIP
Fever often causes loss of appetite. This symptom is a signal to the body that should rest and avoid additional stresses. Refraining from eating solid foods for a day or two during a fever may help the body to purify itself. But always drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
NUTRITIONAL, HERBAL & HOLISTIC RECOMMENDATIONS
HERBS
To bring a high fever down, use Catnip tea enemas twice daily. These also relieve constipation and congestion, which keep fever up. See Enemas for more information.
Catnip tea with Dandelion and Lobelia, taken in tea or extract form, is good for lowering fever. Lobelia can also be used on its own. Taking 1/2 teaspoon of Lobelia Extract or tincture every four hours helps to lower fever. If an upset stomach occurs, cut the dosage back to 1/4 teaspoon. Caution: Do not take Lobelia internally on an ongoing basis.
You can make a poultice from Echinacea root to lower fever. See Making A Poultice for more information.
A combination of Hyssop, Licorice root, Thyme, and Yarrow tea can help a fever. Caution : Do not use Licorice on an ongoing basis for more than seven days in a row. Avoid it completely if you have high blood pressure.
Herbal teas made from Echinacea, Linden flowers and Elder flowers help induce perspiration, thus lowering fevers, and boost the immune system. Teas made from Elder flowers or Linden flowers promote perspiration, lower fever and boost immunity. Drink several cups daily. Hot Elderberry juice may have the same effect. Echinacea tea is very effective against fever, particularly in cases of flu. Drink several cups of the tea daily as needed. The tea also strengthens the immune system.
A recommended tea mixture that also helps reduce fever and strengthen the immune system is composed of Willow bark, Rose Hips, and Chamomile and Linden flowers. Caution: Do not use Chamomile if you have allergies to ragweed. A TEA BLEND FOR FLU
1/2 oz. Meadowsweet Leaves & Stems
1 oz. Willow Bark
1/2 oz. Rose Hips
1/2 oz. Chamomile Flowers
1-1/3 oz. Linden Flowers
Pour 1 cup of hot water over 1-2 teaspoons of the herb mixture and let it steep for 10 minutes. Drink a cup of this medicinal tea 3 times daily. It will help to reduce fever and to strengthen the immune system.
Other beneficial herbs include Blackthorn, Echinacea, Fenugreek seed, Feverfew, Ginger, and Poke Root. Caution: Do not use Feverfew during pregnancy.
HELP FOR FEBRILE CONVULSIONS
Children up to the age of 4 may have febrile convulsions, or "fever fits" if their fever exceeds 102°F. Though shaking or even unconsciousness can result, the condition looks scarier than it is. If convulsions occur, remain calm, keep your child's airways clear and call your health care provider as soon as the convulsions end, which usually happens within 5 minutes. To aid recovery, some healers suggest Rescue Remedy, a Bach floral preparation also known as first-aid drops. Place several drops in the mouth every few hours.
MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Fever Seizure (Febrile Convulsions)
RECOMMENDATIONS
The prime concern during a fever is to protect against dehydration. Drink a lot of liquids throughout the day to replace lost fluids and eat a low-fat diet to ease digestion. Fevers are best treated with gentle with gentle measures, such as washing with cold vinegar to cool the body or taking hot baths to induce a sweat.
Get plenty of rest while the temperature is elevated. Avoid rapid changes in atmospheric temperature. Consume large quantities of liquids to prevent dehydration and flush out toxins.
Drink plenty of distilled or quality bottled water and juices to replace fluid loss, but avoid solid food until the fever breaks. This will also help to bring down body temperature.
While feverish, avoid taking any supplements that contain iron or zinc. When an infection is present, the body attempts to "hide" iron in the tissues in an attempt to keep the infecting organism from using it for nourishment. Taking a supplement containing iron therefore causes undue strain on a body that is fighting an infection. Zinc is not properly absorbed while a fever is present.
Calf wraps for fever. Dip 2 dish towels in cold water, wring them out slightly and wrap them around the calves. Cover the wet compresses with a dry terry hand towel, and enclose both lower legs in a large plastic bag. Remove the wraps after 15 minutes. Wait 30 minutes, then repeat this procedure.
Take cool sponge baths. Do not use rubbing alcohol to cool off since it gives off noxious fumes. Cold treatments like cold-water leg rinses and cold vinegar washes, are also good remedies for lowering an excessively high body temperature. Bed rest is also recommended after cold treatments.
Cold-Water Leg Rinses: Rinsing the lower legs with cold water dissipates heat and helps to bring down a fever quickly. Rinse your legs, starting at the knees and moving down to the feet. Begin with the water temperature about 4°F lower than your body temperature. Gradually reduce the temperature over the next 15 minutes until it is about 60°F. Follow immediately with bed rest.
A sweat treatment can cool the body and lower a fever. It can also mobilize your immune system, thus helping to rid the body of fever-inducing microbes. Dissolve 1-2 pounds of table or sea salt in hot bath water and then soak in the hot tub for 20 to 30 minutes. You can drink a cup of hot elderberry juice or elderberry flower or linden-flower tea before getting into the bath in order to help the bath induce perspiration. Follow the bath with 24 hours of strict bed rest. A sweat bath is not a good idea if you have heart problems, check with your health care provider before starting treatment.
To induce sweating, which may shorten the length of the fever, wrap up in a warm blanket or robe for 20 minutes. Replace lost fluids as soon as you can.
It should be noted that lowering a fever is not always the best thing to do for an otherwise healthy individual. As long as a fever does not get too high, above 102°F (38.89°C) in an adult or 103°F (39.44°C) in a child, let it run its course. It helps to fight infection and eliminate toxins.
If body temperature rises above 102°F (38.89°C) in an adult or 103°F (39.44°C) in a child, take measures to reduce the fever, and consult with your health care provider. This can be a sign of a worsening infection.
If a baby of three months or under has a temperature of 103°F or higher, take the child to a health care provider immediately.
In a child of any age, fever accompanied by a stiff neck, swelling of the throat, or disorientation needs immediate attention from a health care provider as these symptoms may indicate meningitis.
See a health care professional immediately if you develop a fever associated with any of the following:
- Frequent urination, a burning sensation while urinating or blood in the urine.
- Pain concentrated in one area of the abdomen.
- Shaking chills or alternating chills and sweats.
- Severe headache and vomiting.
- Profuse watery diarrhea lasting more than 24 hours.
- Swollen glands or rashes.
Never give aspirin or aspirin products to a child with a fever. See Reye's Syndrome for more information.
CONSIDERATIONS
Lingering or recurring flu-like symptoms can be associated with diabetes (especially in children), hepatitis, Lyme disease, or mononucleosis (especially in adolescents). See Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Diabetes, Hepatitis, Lyme Disease, and Mononucleosis for more information.
Vigorous exercise, in which the muscles generate heat faster than the body can dissipate it, can cause a temporary rise in temperature.
HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES
Homeopaths recommend various remedies to boost immunity and reduce fever. Two popular fever-inducers are Aconitum (Aconite Napellus) and Belladonna, which are commonly given in 6X, 12X, 30X, 6C, or 30C strength. Dilute 5 drops of either remedy in a glass of water. Repeat every half hour or so as needed.
NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS RECOMMENDATIONS
The following nutrients are important for healing once appropriate local treatment has been administered. Unless otherwise specified, the following recommended doses are for those over the age of 18. For a child between 12 and 17 years old, reduce the dose to 3/4 the recommended amount. For a child between 6 and 12 years old, use 1/2 the recommended dose, and for a child under 6, use 1/4 the recommended amount.
NUTRIENTS Supplement Suggested Dosage Comments Very Important Vitamin A Emulsion: As directed on label.
25,000 IU daily. If you are pregnant, do not exceed 10,000 IU daily.Essential in immune system function. Needed to fight infection and to strengthen the immune system. Emulsion form is recommended because it enters the system more quickly.
Vitamin A, 10,000 IU, 100% Natural, Nature's Way, 100 SoftgelsWith
Mixed Carotenoid ComplexAs directed on label. Powerful free radical scavengers that protect the cells and enhance immune function to fight infection.
Beta Carotene (Natural Dunaliella Salina), Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 25,000 IU, 100 Softgels,
Multi-Carotene Antioxidant, Nature's Way, 60 SoftgelsDioxychlor
From American BiologicsTake sublingually as directed on label - 3 times daily. Homeopathic remedy For tissue oxygenation. An important antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agent. Kills harmful bacteria and viruses.
Or
Inflazyme Forte
(American Biologics)As directed on label. A good tonic that contains B vitamins and herbs that increase energy levels.
Important Free-Form Amino Acid Complex As directed on label, 3 times daily, on an empty stomach. Take with 50 mg each of Vitamin B-6 and Vitamin C for better absorption. Amino acids in free form are a readily absorbed and assimilated quickly into the body. For repair of tissue damaged by fever. Use a formula that contains all the essential amino acids.
Amino 1500, Chewable Blend of 20 Amino Acids, Predigested, NOW Foods, 150 Tabs,
Amino 1000 Complete, NOW Foods, 20 Amino Acids, 120 CapsBio-Bifidus
(American Biologics)As directed on label. For bowel flora replacement to improve elimination and assimilation.
Vitamin C With Bioflavonoids 5,000-20,000 mg daily, in divided doses. See Ascorbic acid Flush for more information. To flush out toxins and reduces fever. For a child, use calcium ascorbate form - it does not produce heavy diarrhea.
Vitamin C Liquid w/ Rose Hips & Bioflavonoids, Kosher, Natural Citrus Flavor, Dynamic Health, 1000 mg, 16 fl. oz.,
Ester C With Bioflavonoids, Nature's Way, 1000 mg, 90 Tabs,
Vitamin C 1000 With Bioflavonoids, Nature's Way, 100% Natural, 1000 mg, 250 VCaps,
The Right C, Nature's Way, 1000 mg, 120 TabsTaurine Plus
(American Biologics)As directed on label. An important antioxidant and immune regulator, necessary for white blood cell activation and neurological function. Use the sublingual form.
Taurine, Free Form, NOW Foods, 500 mg, 100 caps,
Taurine, Double Strength, Free Form Amino Acid, NOW Foods, 1000 mg, 100 Caps,
Taurine Powder, 100% Pure, Free Form, NOW Foods, 1000 mg, 8 oz.
Helpful Garlic (Kyolic) 2 capsules 3 times daily. A natural antibiotic and powerful immunostimulant.
Royal Jelly As directed on label, 3 times daily. Has antifungal properties and improves adrenal function.
Royal Jelly, NOW Foods, 300 mg, 100 Softgels,
Royal Jelly, NOW Foods, 1,000 mg, 60 SoftgelsSpiru-tein from Nature's Plus As directed on label. Take between meals. To supply protein, needed to build and repair tissue. Also acts as an appetite stimulant. Spiru-tein is a protein drink that contains all the amino acids, vitamins, and minerals needed for nourishment.
FEVER SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS
Information, supplements and products for fever, an elevation of body temperature above the normal range of 98 to 99 degrees.
Antibiotic (Without) Poke Root Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Herbal Antibiotic (Without) Poke Root tincture contains three well known herbs: Echinacea Root, Goldenseal Root and Cayenne Pepper.Colds & Flu Chewable For Children's Alpha CF, Homeopathic Boericke & Tafel, 100 Tabs
Children's Alpha CF, Colds & Flu, Chewable by Boericke & Tafel temporarily relieves fever and symptoms associated with colds and the flu.Colds & Flu Homeopathic Clikpak, 100% Natural, 84 Pellets
Homeopathic Nelsons Colds & Flu in the new clikpak is easy to carry and dispense for minor symptoms of colds or flu and therefore much better suited to a busy lifestyle.Colds & Flu Homeopathic Remedy, Boericke & Tafel Alpha CF, 40 Tabs
Alpha CF, Colds & Flu Homeopathic Remedy is clinically proven as an all natural cold and flu remedy that offers relief for your cold or flu in a great homeopathic remedy! Take it for runny nose, fever, chills, stuffy nose and aches.Colloidal Silver, Liquid Silver Homeopathic Formula, SilvaSolution Advanced Immune System Activator for Colds & Flu, 8 fl. oz.
TriMedica SilvaSolution Advanced Liquid Silver Homeopathic Formula integrates the basic principles of homeopathy and is a profound healing system designed to increase the body's ability to respond to immune challenges and restore optimal health.Elderberry Flower (Sambucus Nigra) Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
The flowers are used to treat bronchial and upper respiratory disorders as well as hay fever.Elderberry Flower Powder (Sambucus Nigra), Alternative Health & Herbs, 4 oz.
As a hot infusion, the flowers are sweat-inducing and in combination with yarrow and mint are specific for colds and flu. The flowers are used to treat bronchial and upper respiratory disorders as well as hay fever. A cold infusion of the flowers can be used as a compress for chilblains. (Chilblains are the inflammation of the toes, feet, or fingers, due to the presence of a cold.) The ointment of Elderflower is soothing, cooling and healing, used for irritations of the skin. Considered to have a mild laxative action and may be used for rheumatism and gout.Eucalyptus Oil, 100% Pure, NOW Foods, 1 fl. oz.
Eucalyptus Oil is a strong antiseptic. Eucalyptus Oil is used as an inhalant for asthma, diphtheria, sore throats, sinus and respiratory problems.Fevers Formula Tincture, 100% Natural Fever Remedy, 2 fl. oz.
The Fevers Formula is a natural remedy for fever.First Defense Homeopathic Formula For Children, 4 fl. oz.
A complete and effective natural broad spectrum anti-infective formula available for infants and children. Completely safe and non-toxic for infants and children of all ages. A homeopathic Formula.Headache / Tension / Pain Tincture, Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Headaches Tension and Pain Tincture helps to alleviate headaches associated with nervous tension.Natural Aspirin Alternative, White Willow Bark Extract, 390 mg, 60 Tabs
Used to treat bursitis, tendonitis, headaches, osteoarthritis, dysmenorrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, toothache, and menstrual cramps, White Willow is being used by more people as a safer, natural alternative to aspirin.PainEase (Analgesic Formula), 100% Natural, 350 mg, 60 Caps
Made of corydalis tuber and angelica root, this well-known formula is used in Chinese medicine for its tranquilizing, analgesic, antibacterial, and anti-hypoxia properties to regulate the Qi, promote normal blood circulation, protect mucous membrane of the stomach and to stop pain.Pain RX, Natural Pain Relief, 90 Tabs
Pain-RX Natural Pain Relief can help deal with pain naturally.Pelargonium, Coughs & Chest Ailments, 3 fl. oz.
Pelargonium is rich in phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids that enhance the body's functioning and protects it against diseases.Silver Biotics Liquid, Silver Supplement, 8 fl. oz.
Silver Biotics was tested by researchers and was found to kill every strain of bacteria that it was tested against and that these bacteria, many of which have become resistant to antibiotics, cause many human ailments.Travel or Home First Aid Kit
The Travel or Home First Aid Kit has all the internal and topical products from Nutribiotic you will need for your travel or home first aid needs.White Willow Bark, 100% Natural, 400 mg, 100 Caps
White Willow Bark (Salix Alba) was the basis for the synthesis of aspirin. It contains salicin and related compounds. It has been used for more than 2,000 years to relieve aches and pains of all sorts.White Willow Bark, Standardized Extract, 450 mg, 60 Caps
Nature's Way Standardized White Willow Bark is a maximum potency (15%) extract from the inner bark of the tree.White Willow Bark Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl oz.
Aspirin is a synthetic derivative of white willow bark. White Willow Bark is an analgesic, anodyne, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, diaphoretic, and fever reducer.
Herbal Remedies: Scarlet Fever Information
Herbal Remedies: Rheumatic Fever Information
Herbal Remedies: Fever Information
Herbal Remedies: Fever Supplements, Information & Products
NOTIFY YOUR MIDWIFE OR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER IF...
You can help your child's health professional diagnose and treat your child's fever by providing the following information:
The history of the fever, including:
- When did the fever start? Did it come on suddenly or increase over several hours?
- How often does your child get a fever?
- How long does the fever usually last?
- How high is the fever?
- Does the child have any other symptoms?
- A fever chart showing the time, the child's temperature, what home treatment you used, and whether the temperature came down. Be sure to include any medications you bought without a prescription and the amount you have given your child.
The history of other health problems over the past 3 months.
Whether your child has been eating, drinking, and playing normally.
Any recent travel outside the country or exposure to immigrants or nonnative people.
Any animal or insect bites in the last 6 weeks (including ticks).
Any other family members ill with symptoms.
Whether the child is in child care outside the home and other children at the facility are ill with symptoms.
Whether your child has any health risks that may increase the seriousness of his or her symptoms?
You can help your health professional diagnose and treat your condition by being ready to answer the following questions:
What was the history of the fever, including:
- When did the fever start?
- How often do you get the fever, and how long does it last?
- How high is the fever?
Have you had any other health problems over the past 3 months?
Have you recently been exposed to anyone with a fever?
Have you recently traveled outside the country or been exposed to immigrants or other nonnative people?
Have you had any insect bites in the last 6 weeks, including tick bites?
What home treatment measures you have tried? Did they help? Be sure to include any non-prescription medications you have taken. Did they help? Keep a fever chart of what your temperature was before and after home treatment.
Do you have any health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms?
FEVER EMERGENCIES, INFANT TO AGE 3
If your child have any of the following symptoms that require emergency treatment... Call 911 or other emergency services immediately.
- Febrile seizure and the child stops breathing for longer than 30 seconds. Before calling 911 or other emergency services, make sure the child is in a safe position on the floor. Seizure activity lasts longer than 10 minutes, or a second seizure occurs during the same illness.
- Moderate to severe difficulty breathing.
- Level of consciousness decreases.
- Signs of shock are present.
- Signs of severe dehydration are present.
- Signs of heatstroke are present.
Note: After calling 911, if the child is not breathing, begin rescue breathing. Every person, parent and child care giver should have training in CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). This training can be obtained through your local hospital or through American Heart Association and other associations.
You may transport a child for emergency care if you can do it safely and quickly.
FEVER EMERGENCIES, AGE 4 TO ADULT
If you have any of the following symptoms that require emergency treatment? Call 911 or other emergency services immediately.
- Seizure. Note: If a fever seizure has occurred, see Fever Seizure for immediate first aid treatment.
- Level of consciousness has changed.
- Signs of severe dehydration are present.
- Signs of shock are present.
- Signs of heatstroke are present.
- Signs of severe difficulty breathing are present.
Note: After calling 911 or other emergency services, if the person is not breathing, begin rescue breathing.
If the person feels hot and is sweating but does not have a fever, he or she may be having symptoms of a heart attack. If symptoms of a heart attack are present and the person is awake, alert, not vomiting, and not allergic to aspirin, have the person chew and swallow 1 adult aspirin (325 mg). Be sure to tell the emergency medical personnel that an aspirin was taken and when it was taken.
If your fever does not improve despite the above measures.
If you have any increase in pain, swelling, inflammation or other signs of infection.
If You have any unexpected or unusual symptoms. Some people may have sensitivity, allergies, or other health conditions which would prevent them from using certain herbs or other treatments.
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HELPFUL PRODUCTS & FURTHER EDUCATION
Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
-- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 2nd Edition
Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
-- by Phyllis A. Balch, James F. Balch - 4th Edition
Prescription for Herbal Healing: The A-To-Z Reference To Common Disorders
-- by Phyllis A. Balch
The Complete Guide to Natural Healing
This is only a small sample of educational materials and products available through Amazon.com. Use the search box provided below to search for a particular item.
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