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DESCRIPTION
Nearly 80 percent of adults are affected by back pain at some point in their lives, most often in the lower back. It can be either acute or chronic. Acute pain starts suddenly and is usually the result of misusing the body in some way. Aches and pain in the lower back can be a chronic problem. Chronic backache keeps recurring and can be brought on by almost any movement, for no particular reason. It is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization in the United States. A variety of problems in the muscles, tendons, bones, ligaments, or an underlying organ, such as the kidney, may cause backaches. Attempting to move or lift heavy objects is said to be the primary cause of back problems in the United States sometimes because of damage done to a spinal disk.
For many years, it was assumed that back pain was usually the result of spinal degeneration or injury, especially damage to the inter-vertebral disks, These are structures located between the vertebrae that act as cushions. Each disk consists of a tough, fibrous outer layer surrounding a soft interior, which is what provides the cushioning. With the ordinary wear and tear of living, the disks show signs of aging and may be injured. When a disk begins to degenerate, a strain - even something as small as a sneeze - can cause the disk to rupture, or herniate, allowing the soft interior material to protrude out of the disk and press against the spinal cord. This situation is sometimes erroneously referred to as a "slipped disk".
A herniated disk, prolapsed disk, and slipped disk are all names for the same problem, and are usually found in the lumbar region of the back (the lower back). A herniated disk can result in severe intermittent or constant back pain, particularly if it presses on the sciatic nerves and causes a condition known as sciatica. The sciatic nerves are responsible for transmitting all signals from the lower body. They are the longest nerves in the body and any pressure on them, typically by a disk protruding from the vertebrae, results in a shooting pain, usually in the leg and foot. Some people experience debilitating numbness that renders them almost incapable of walking; others experience only a tingling sensation in the toes or numbness of the foot or leg. Infrequently, if the lower part of the spinal cord is inflamed, people may experience loss of bladder or bowel control.
It is difficult to pinpoint disk disease as the cause of most cases of back pain. That is because most adults past the age of 40 - whether they experience back pain or not - can be shown to have some degree of disk degeneration. In most instances, disk degeneration and even herniation do not produce any symptoms.
Simple muscle strain is another leading cause of back pain. Although symptoms may come on suddenly and can be acutely painful, this is actually a problem that develops over a long period of time. When the muscles contract, lactic and pyruvic acids are produced as by products of muscular activity. It is the presence of lactic acid in the muscles that produces the familiar sensation of muscle fatigue following strenuous activity. If high levels of these acidic byproducts accumulate in the muscles, they cause irritation that can eventually turn into pain and interfere with the normal conduction of electrical impulses in the muscle tissue. This results in a phenomenon called delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS).
Fibrositis, a rather ill-defined soreness of the neck, trunk, and shoulders caused by inflammation of connective tissue, may also account for a number of backaches. This usually happens in older people and is thought more likely to occur because of stress, tension, allergies, or fibromyalgia rather than from any particular injury.
Lumbago is a folk term for muscle pain in the lower back, near the pelvis.
Backaches during pregnancy are commonplace. The abdominal muscles stretch because the uterus is getting bigger and the back muscles are becoming shorter and tighter. Coupled with this, your spine has to support the additional weight, so your posture may change and backaches can result.
Most cases of back pain also have an important psychological component, usually a deep-seated emotional or stress-related problem. Other contributors can include poor posture, improper footwear and walking habits, improper lifting, straining, calcium deficiency, slouching when sitting, and sleeping on a mattress that is too soft. Kidney, bladder, and prostate problems, female pelvic disorders, and even constipation may produce back pain. Chronic conditions that can cause back pain include arthritis, rheumatism, bone disease, and abnormal curvature of the spine. Fractures are rarely the cause of back pain.
Because the great majority of back pain cannot be explained - and is not due to protruding disks, arthritis, osteoporosis, poor posture, or any other discernable illness - it is always advisable to take back problems seriously and have them checked out.
FREQUENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Chronic or acute pain.
Muscle fatigue.
Sudden loss of urinary and/or bowel incontinence, difficulty moving and/or weakness of leg, pain and/or numbness are signs of spinal cord nerve damage. Do not move and call for medical assistance.
Stiffness.
Numbness and/or tingling in limbs.
Swelling.
Spinal subluxation.
Pain radiating into legs.
CAUSES
The leading cause of back pain is simple muscle strain. Although symptoms may come on suddenly and can be acutely painful, this is actually a problem that develops over a long period of time. When muscles contract, lactic acid and pyruvic acid are produced as byproducts of muscular activity. It is the presence of lactic acid in the muscles that produces the familiar sensation of muscle fatigue following strenuous activity. If high levels of these acidic byproducts accumulate in the muscles, they cause irritation that can eventually turn into pain and interfere with the normal conduction of electrical impulses in the muscle tissue. This results in a condition called delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Problems with acidic build-up are often made worse by dehydration.
Intra-vertebral disk damage, injury, wear, and strain. Herniation or rupture of disk.
Pour posture.
Psychological, emotional or stress-related problem.
Improper footwear.
Walking habits.
Improper lifting.
Calcium deficiency.
Straining.
Slouching when sitting.
Sleeping on a mattress that is too soft.
Kidney, bladder, prostate problems and female pelvic disorders.
Constipation.
Arthritis.
Rheumatism.
Bone disease. Osteoporosis.
Abnormal curvature of the spine.
Fractures, although rarely the cause of back pain.
Female reproductive disorders or problems. Some women experience lower back pain just prior to their menstrual period.
Pregnancy and labor. Some women, when they begin labor, will have a nagging lower backache that comes and goes with regularity. If a woman is expecting a baby in a posterior position (baby is head down, facing toward mother's pubic bone instead of her backbone), back labor is a frequent occurrence. It can be very intense back pain due to the pressure of the baby's skull pressing against the tailbone.
TREATMENT
In most cases of back pain, the cause is either weak back or abdominal muscles or degeneration of the disks that cushion the vertebrae. In addition, bad posture, inactivity, drafts, stress, poor nutrition and obesity can all be contributing factors in back pain. The first signs of a weak back are aching shoulders, tense neck muscles and a heavy feeling in the head. If the muscles are truly overloaded, they will go into spasm. Painful as it may be, a spasm is actually helpful because it forces you to stop what you are doing and so prevents more damage. With age, the disks lose moisture and elasticity. This may leave them vulnerable to herniation (prolapse), which puts pressure on the nerves that extend from the spinal cord. Depending on the location of the prolapse, the result may be numbness, tingling and pain in the arms or legs, as well as back pain. Exercises to stretch and strengthen the muscles are the key to preventing back problems.
WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR BACK PAIN
Apply ice or a cold compress immediately after an injury to reduce pain and muscle inflammation. After a day or two, switch to heat to enhance circulation, further ease pain and relax tense muscles. Warm baths, particularly whirlpool baths, and massage are also helpful in keeping muscles supple.
ICE MASSAGE FOR PAIN & SWELLING
Cold reduces pain sensitivity and ensures fast reduction of the swelling. Place a few ice cubes in a linen bag and ask your partner or a friend to massage the painful areas.
MoonDragon's Health Therapy: Hot & Cold Therapy
AN EXCELLENT BACK STRETCH
The Cat Stretch is one of the most effective exercises you can do to keep your back flexible. Kneel on all fours with your hands shoulder-width apart. Slowly arch your back, placing your chin on your chest (see above). You should feel a gentle stretch in your back muscles; stop if you feel any pain. Hold for 5 seconds. Next, raise your head and press your stomach down toward the floor, making the small of your back concave. Hold for 5 seconds. Repeat the sequence. Perform this exercise for 5 minutes each day.
WILLOW BARK FOR PAIN
Willow bark contains salicylic acid, an active ingredient found in aspirin. A tea made from 1 teaspoon of willow bark and 1 cup of boiling water has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Do not use willow bark if you have allergies to aspirin or if you are on blood thinners. Always consult with your health care provider or midwife before taking any supplement or using any herbal therapy if you are pregnant, using other medications or have allergies to certain drugs or plant groups.
HOMEOPATHY FOR BACK PAIN
Rhus toxicodendron 30C helps with back pain caused by psychological stress. Consider consulting a health care practitioner familiar with homeopathic medicine for a specific recommendation and dosage for your particular situation.
IMPROVING YOUR BACK
BACK SCHOOL - If you have chronic back problems, ask your health care provider to refer you to a physical therapist or a back school. These specialized programs, often organized by health insurance companies, teach simple strengthening and stretching exercises that everyone can perform to counteract the unilateral stress on the spine. They also often provide additional information on an overall fitness program to complement the back exercises.
SWIMMING - Swimming is probably the best form of exercise for people who suffer from back pain. The water supports your weight, so you do not put stress on your muscles, In addition, this activity uses muscles in the back, abdomen, arms and legs, thus providing overall conditioning. However, avoid the breast stroke and the butterfly, which require arching your back.
DRY SWIMMING - If you can't get to a pool, resort to "dry swimming." Lie down on your back on a towel or exercise mat. Alternately raise your left arm and your right leg, making swimming movements for 2 seconds. Rest for the same length of time and repeat the same movement with your right arm and left leg. Perform this exercise for up to 10 minutes a day.
Extra Tip - To keep your spine aligned when you are sleeping, lie on your side and place one pillow under your head. Bend your knees and place another pillow between them.
CONSIDERATIONS
People seeking professional advice about back pain face a bewildering array of generalists and specialists to choose from. Complex back problems are rapidly becoming a sub-specialty. True specialists now focus on people with back problems only. For treatment of back pain, you can consult any of the following types of therapy and practitioners:
- Acupuncture is performed by an experienced acupuncturist skilled in the ancient art of Chinese healing. This method can help reduce back muscle tension by making adjustments in the flow of Qi (energy) throughout the body. Acupuncture has been proven as an effective pain relief alternative therapy for many people and has the backing of the World Health Organization.
- Chiropractors are licensed to perform spinal manipulation and may recommend nutritional and/or lifestyle changes. They primarily use high-velocity manipulations of the neck and back to correct problems. According to a 1994 report issued by the U.S. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, spinal manipulation may the be most effective treatment for acute back pain. Misaligned vertebrae frequently trigger back pain. After a diagnosis is confirmed by x-rays, a chiropractor's skillful manipulation can realign the spine and alleviate the pain. Chiropractors are not medical physicians and therefore cannot prescribe drugs or perform surgery. A good chiropractor should be willing to recommend a medical practitioner if necessary.
- Kinesiology can sometimes alleviate back problems. By testing muscle response, practitioners can pinpoint the origin of the pain and use various methods, including gentle manipulation, to treat it.
- Magnet Therapy is gaining ground in some quarters. A magnetic mattress pad has been developed and some people have found relief from chronic back pain after sleeping on it for only a short time. Experiments have shown that magnet back support has proven useful for golfers.
- Massage Therapists work with muscles and tendons, using different techniques like muscle kneading and compression to lessen tension in the muscles. This increases circulation and helps the body flush out cellular debris, which speeds tissue repair and aids in healing back problems.
- Orthopedic Surgeons are medical physicians who prescribe medication (pain killers, muscle relaxers, anti-inflammatory drugs), bed rest, and physical therapy for some cases of back pain. Since these health care providers can perform surgery, they may be more likely to recommend it than other practitioners.
- Osteopaths can prescribe drugs and perform surgery, but because of their philosophy of treatment, they often try manipulation or physical therapy first.
- Physiatrists are also known as physicians of physical rehabilitation medicine, are medical practitioners who treat back pain by the use of various physical therapies, lifestyle changes, and the use of various physical therapies, lifestyle changes, and back braces, which promote healing by reducing the load on the spine. Physiatrists are not licensed to perform surgery and are less likely than other physicians to hospitalize their patients. They have a good record for treating back problems, including low back pain and herniated disks.
- Physical Therapists specialize in improving joint and spine mobility and muscle strength. They are not medical physicians and are strictly limited to physical therapy.
- Vertebroplasty, for vertebral compression fractures, has offered relief for some people, although it is still considered a new and experimental treatment. In this out-patient procedure, a needle inserted through the skin into the affected vertebra fills the vertebra with a cement-like substance called methylmethacrylate, and when this substance hardens (in about 15 to 20 minutes), it offers support to an otherwise weak part of the backbone.
There is a theory that backache may be caused by repressed rage. This may be something to consider pursuing with a psychiatrist or other mental health professional.
Bed rest makes little difference with sciatica. Both the long-term and short-term consequences of sciatica remain the same whether you observe complete rest or continue your usual routine.
With signs of rapidly progressive nerve damage (increasing weakness in a leg, or loss of bladder or bowel function), back surgery moves high on the list of options. It must also be considered when pain is unremitting or getting worse. Surgery always entails a degree of risk; there is always the chance of permanent damage and impaired mobility. According to U.S. government data, only 1 percent of those who suffer from back pain appear to benefit from surgery. Back surgery is useful only for problems in four broad categories: 1. Disk displacement (a protruding or "slipped" disk).
2. Painful (and abnormal) motion of one vertebra in relation to another.
3. Narrowing of the spine around the spinal cord itself from over growth of bone (spinal stenosis).
4. Some cases in which misalignment of one vertebra with another (spondylolisthesis) leads to pain.
In the past, removing a damaged disk and fusing a section of the spine was a major surgical procedure. Up to one year was required for recovery from this surgery. A new procedure, called Minimal Access Spinal Technologies (MAST) allows the operation to be performed through small incisions that do not even cut through muscle tissue. Someone who absolutely requires surgery should investigate this option. Recovery time is in the days-to-weeks range rather than months-to-years.
X-rays are often considered a routine part of back pain diagnosis, yet only a few back conditions show up on x-rays. If the pain is caused by muscle strain or herniated disk, the x-ray will do little to aid the diagnosis, since disks, muscles and ligaments are all soft tissues. X-ray exposure bears special hazards for pregnant women.
With the new imaging procedures such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), disks can be seen. However, it is noted that 20 to 30 percent of people with back pain have herniated disks that are not the source of their discomfort. If these disks show up during imaging procedures, a person may end up have surgery for a condition that, while present, is not really the cause of his or her pain.
If pain comes after lifting something heavy, after coughing, or after unusually heavy exercise, and the pain prevents you from moving or shoots down one leg, you may have a herniated disk.
Epidemiological studies in the United States, as well as studies of smoking and non-smoking pairs of twins in Scandinavia, have shown that smoking aggravates problems in the disks.
Numerous studies have shown that people with lower back pain who are treated at chiropractic clinics recover faster, and at less cost, and end up with less pain and more mobility than those treated in hospitals.
BACKACHE SUPPLEMENTS & PRODUCTS
Information for help with the pain and discomfort associated with backache and lumbar problems.
Sciatic Aide, Homeopathic Boericke & Tafel, 100 Tabs
Sciatic-Aid is a homeopathic formulation providing temporary relief from the pain, inflammation, and aches associated with sciatica.Dermovin, Superior Natural Pain Relief Cream by Life-Flo, 2 oz.
Superior Pain Relief Cream by Life-Flo is comprised of natural nutritional products, effective in providing quick relief for short and long term care.Pain Formula Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Use the Pain Formula to alleviate pain naturally.Arnica Montana Tincture, 100% Organic, 2 fl. oz.
Arnica Montana is used primarily to relieve the aftereffects of falls, blows, sports injuries and overexertion.Essential Oil Blend, 100% Natural, Swiss Made, Olbas, 25 ml
Olbas Essential Oil Blend is a synergistic combination of six essential oils provides amazing relief on multiple levels.Natural Menthol Analgesic Salve, Swiss Made, 1 oz. Tube
This Analgesic Menthol Salve delivers a combination of deep, penetrating relief of aches and pains in muscles and joints, and is particularly effective to soothe backaches and the inflammation and discomforts from arthritis, strains, bruises and sprains.Arth-X Platinum, Natural Arthritis Supplement for Bone and Joint Pain and Stiffness, 90 Tabs
Arth-X Platinum is the most complete and effective dietary supplement and may be a good Natural Arthritis Treatment for you to support and aid in the relief of bone and joint pain and stiffness.White Willow Bark 100% Natural, 400 mg, 100 Caps
White Willow Bark was the basis of the synthesis of aspirin. It contains salicin and related compounds. It has been used for more than 2,000 years to relieve aches and pains of all sorts.Joint Relief Formula #1, 90 Caps
The Cadillac of our Joint Formulas, Joint Relief Formula #1 is recommended and sold by Chiropractors since 1997.Joint Relief Formula #2, 90 Caps
Recommendations for use as a Dietary Supplement for HEALTHY ADULTS. For Joint pain.Natural Aspirin Alternative, 390 mg White Willow Bark Extract, 60 Tabs
Used to treat bursitis, tendonitis, headaches, osteoarthritis, dysmenorrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, toothache, and menstrual cramps, White Willow is being used by more people as a safer, natural alternative to aspirin.Back Support Belt, Canvas Back, Large / XLarge, 1 Each
Adjustable contoured stays & independent side panels provide easy customized fitting, even for hard-to-fit patients.Back Support Belt, Canvas Back, with Posterior Pad, Small / Medium, 1 Each
Adjustable contoured stays & independent side panels provide easy customized fitting, even for hard-to-fit patients. Includes removable posterior pad for added support.Multiple Effects Oil, TCM Formula Shixiang Baixiangyou, Cold, Headache and Pain Formula, 100% Natural, 0.34 fl. oz.
Multiple-Effects Oil - TCM Cold, Headache and Pain Formula opens stuffy noses, removes headache pain, joint pain and drowsiness.Back Support Belt, Cotton Twill, Small, 1 Each
Ten-inch high cotton twill back with criss-cross strapping system to limit motion while stabilizing lumbosacral region. Cool to wear, excellent for warmer climates.Back Support Belt, Cotton Twill, Medium, 1 Each
Ten-inch high cotton twill back with criss-cross strapping system to limit motion while stabilizing lumbosacral region. Cool to wear, excellent for warmer climates.Back Support Belt, Triple Pull, Elastic, with Posterior Pad Pocket, 10" Back, 6" Front, Small, 1 Each
Customized compression from two independent, triple-action pulls. Includes a removable posterior pad.Back Support Belt, Triple Pull, Elastic, with Posterior Pad Pocket, 10" Back, 6" Front, Medium, 1 Each
Customized compression from two independent, triple-action pulls. Includes a removable posterior pad.Back Support Belt, Triple Pull, Elastic, with Posterior Pad Pocket, 10" Back, 6" Front, Large, 1 Each
Customized compression from two independent, triple-action pulls. Includes a removable posterior pad.Back Support Belt, Triple Pull, Elastic, 10" Back, 6" Front, Small, 1 Each
Customized compression from two independent, triple-action pulls.Back Support Belt, Triple Pull, Elastic, 10" Back, 6" Front, Medium, 1 Each
Customized compression from two independent, triple-action pulls.Back Support Belt, Triple Pull, Elastic, 10" Back, 6" Front, Large, 1 Each
Customized compression from two independent, triple-action pulls.Sleep System, Full Magnet Mattress Pad & 2 Magnetic Pillow Pads
The Ultimate Sleep System - Full: Consists of 1 Magnet Mattress Pad - 437 Magnets. 54" x 72" (137 cm x 183 cm). 2 Pillow Pads - 32 Magnets in each. 15" x 19" (38 cm x 48 cm).Hot and Cold Gel Pack with 18" Strap, Packaged in Plastic Bag, CorPak, 6" x 10", 1 Each
Treat your strains, sprains, tendonitis and other injuries with a CorPak Hot & Cold Pack. 6" x 10"Hot and Cold Gel Pack, CorPak Soft, 3" x 5", 1 Each
Treat your strains, sprains, tendonitis and other injuries with a CorPak Soft Hot & Cold Pack. 3" x 5"Hot and Cold Gel Pack, CorPak Soft, 6" x 20", 1 Each
Treat your strains, sprains, tendonitis and other injuries with a CorPak Soft Hot & Cold Pack. 6" x 20"Positioning Pillow, Bolster, Gray, 6" x 24"
Durable positioning pillows for clinical treatment or home use to be used under your legs while on your back, or under your ankles while on your front.Positioning Pillow, Bolster, Black, 6" x 24"
Durable positioning pillows for clinical treatment or home use to be used under your legs while on your back, or under your ankles while on your front.Positioning Pillow, Bolster, Blue, 6" x 24"
Durable positioning pillows for clinical treatment or home use to be used under your legs while on your back, or under your ankles while on your front.Dutchman Roll Bolster, Blue, 8" x 18"
Durable aids for clinical treatment or home use. Great for under your legs while on your back, or under your ankles while on your front.Dutchman Roll Bolster, Gray, 6" x 18"
Durable aids for clinical treatment or home use. Great for under your legs while on your back, or under your ankles while on your front.Dutchman Roll Bolster, Blue, 6" x 18"
Durable aids for clinical treatment or home use. Great for under your legs while on your back, or under your ankles while on your front.Foam Roll, Firm, 20" x 3 1/2"
Use this roll for a wide variety of comfort and support applications.Cervical Traction System, 3 lb. Weight
An effective, affordable and convenient way to help restore proper cervical curve.Cervical Traction System, 5 lb. Weight
An effective, affordable and convenient way to help restore proper cervical curve.Overhead Traction System
This water-filled weight bag provides variable tension to alleviate pressure on the spinal column.Bucket Seat Sitback, Deluxe, Blue
This version of our popular Sitback Rest is shaped to fit snugly against bucket seats to maximize comfort and support while driving.Sitback PLUS, Back Support Cushion, Black
This cushion provides all the comfort and quality of our standard Sitback Rest but is made for the larger-framed person who needs a wider back support.Sitback PLUS, Back Support Cushion, Blue
This cushion provides all the comfort and quality of our standard Sitback Rest but is made for the larger-framed person who needs a wider back support.Sitback PLUS, Back Support Cushion, Gray
This cushion provides all the comfort and quality of our standard Sitback Rest but is made for the larger-framed person who needs a wider back support.Lumbar Cushion, Half Foam Roll, Luniform
An ideal small support cushion for your lower lumbar spine.Lumbar Cushion, Lobak Rest
An economical, high-resiliency back cushion with a contoured shape that helps proper lumbar positioning in any chair or car seat.Lumbar Cushion, Luniform
An ideal small support cushion for your lower lumbar spine. Compact and convenient; goes anywhere.Hyaluronic Acid Hydraplenish with MSM and BioCell Collagen, 60 Vcaps
Hydraplenish contains the patented BioCell Collagen II complex for healthy connective tissue and synovial fluid plus OptiMSM to support healthy hair.Irwin Naturals 3 In 1 Joint Formula, 90 Gelcaps
Irwin Naturals 3 in 1 Joint Formula is Bioperine Enhanced, rebuilds worn joints, lubricates stiff joints, soothes inflamed joints and Irwin Naturals are Medical Provider formulated.Criss Cross Dual Pull, Small
Support and versatility make this one of our most popular belts.Criss Cross Dual Pull, X-Large
Support and versatility make this one of our most popular belts.Wintergreen Essential Oil (Gaultheria procumbens), NOW Foods, 100% Pure, 100% Natural, 1 fl. oz.
Wintergreen essential oil is used for everything from arthritis to tendonitis.Contour Pillow Memory Foam Plus, 4"x 12"x 18.5" w/ Pillow Cover, 1 Each
A variety of conditions such as headaches, neck pain, insomnia, back pain arm and hand numbness can be helped with proper Cervical Spine Support of a Therapeutic pillow.Leg & Knee Pillow Covered With Blue Cloud Fabric, 10" x 8" x 6", Core
The Leg & Knee Pillow with Pillow Cover is designed to help relieve pressure and strain on the lower back, knees and ankles.Lumbar & Lower Back Pillow, Covered, 1 each
This pillow is for back pain and helps relax and support the back when in a chair or sofa and can be used under the head when in bed.Massage Lotion with Emu Oil, 16 fl. oz. Bottle
Our massage lotion combines the unique properties of Emu Oil and Aloe Vera, giving you a luxurious, moisturizing lotion as well as the smooth glide needed for an excellent massage.Sports Gel, Muscle & Joint Pain Relief, Homeopathics, Boericke & Tafel, 2.5 oz.
Sports Gel is a non-greasy, fast acting homeopathic topical gel to give relief to deep muscle and back pain, sports injuries and over-exercising, tendon or joint pain and inflammation, nerve pain and injury, bone bruises, minor cuts, scrapes or abrasions.
HerbalRemedies: Backache / Back Pain / Lumbar Pain Information
HerbalRemedies: Backache / Back Pain Supplements & Products
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Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
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Prescription for Nutritional Healing: The A-To-Z Guide To Supplements
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Prescription for Herbal Healing: The A-To-Z Reference To Common Disorders
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The Complete Guide to Natural Healing
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